CHAP. II. Of the dress and implements for the collector of Insects, 91 CHAP. III. Of collecting Insects, CHAP. IV. Of killing, setting, naming and arranging Insects, 113. CHAP. I. Of the organs of support or skeleton, CHAP. II. On the head, legs, and wings of Insects, 153. Head, 154. Antennæ, 155. Eyes, 158. Mouth, 159. Wings, 165. Legs, CHAP. III. On the internal anatomy of Insects; of the Muscles, THE GRAMMAR. OF ENTOMOLOG Y. BOOK I. ON THE HISTORY OR ECONOMY OF INSECTS. Here subterranean works and cities see, РОРЕ. THE history of an insect, like the history of a man, is an account of life from first to last, from birth to death. Insects are so constituted, that the history of an individual is the history of its race: climate, season or circumstance exercises but little power of creating differences among them; a bee is as essentially a bee, and a butterfly a butterfly, at the equator as at the poles; and in either situation performs the same acts. Insects of all kinds, and in all situations, resemble each other in the following particulars:-they proceed from the parent as eggs; the eggs are hatched and become grubs, in which state they eat, B increase rapidly in size, and are invariably without wings; the grubs, when full grown, become for a time motionless; their skin opens, and from it comes forth the perfect insect, which has four wings, and does not increase in size. In a very great number of insects the grub changes its skin, and completely alters its form, when it becomes motionless; indeed, almost as great a transformation takes place as on its final change to a perfect insect; when this is the case, the animal, in its motionless state, is called a chrysalis. Thus we have four stages in the life of an insect,-four states which it is necessary thoroughly to understand; the egg (ovum), which is motionless, and apparently lifeless; the grub (larva), which is active, but without wings, voracious, and grows rapidly; the chrysalis (pupa), which is quite motionless, and does not occur in all insects; the perfect insect (imago), which is active, has wings, does not grow, and which, by laying eggs, perpetuates its kind. The names egg, larva, pupa, and imago, are the terms generally employed in descriptions; the three last answer equally well for Latin and English, but it must be borne in mind that the words, grub, maggot and caterpillar, are synonymous with the term larva; and perfect insect, fly, &c., are synonymous with the term imago; and the English and Latin words are used in English descriptions almost indifferently. These transformations, often spoken of as the metamorphosis of insects, are in reality nothing more than a continual casting of the outer skin; the larva often casts its skin four or five times, without any very remarkable change of form; every casting of the skin is a step towards arriving at ultimate perfection. In every insect the skin must be cast a certain number of times, and the last casting brings it to maturity. On account of their small size, it is difficult to find common examples of the eggs of insects; those laid on meat by |