λογίσθαι παρ' αὑτῷ ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ἁπλῶς, ὡς πεφύκασι, βαδίζουσι καὶ φαιδροῖς καὶ προσέλθοι τις ἂν καὶ δεηθείη καὶ ἐπαγγείλειεν οὐδὲν ὀκνῶν, τοῖς δὲ πεπλαστ μένοις καὶ σκυθρωποῖς ὀκνήσειέ τις ἂν προσελθεῖν 69 πρῶτον. οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο ἢ πρόβλημα τοῦ τρόπου τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτ ̓ ἔστι, καὶ τὸ τῆς διανοίας ἄγριον καὶ πικρὸν ἐνταῦθα δηλοῖ. σημεῖον δέ· τοσούτων γὰρ ὄντων τὸ πλῆθος ̓Αθηναίων, πράττων πολὺ βέλτιον ἢ σὲ προσῆκον ἦν, τῷ πώποτε εἰσήνεγκας, ἢ τίνι συμβέβλησαί πω, ἢ τίνα εὖ πεποίηκας"; οὐδέν ̓ ἂν εἰπεῖν 7ο ἔχοις· ἀλλὰ τοκίζων καὶ τὰς τῶν ἄλλων συμφορὰς καὶ χρείας εὐτυχήματα σαυτοῦ νομίζων ἐξέβαλες μὲν * Bekker. ἢ τίνα εὐ πεποίηκας om. Z cum Σ.

A

be said of ποιεῖν ἀοίκητον, "to deprive of a home,' § 70. P.]

τοῖς.. φαιδροῖς.. προσέλθοι τις ἂν καὶ δεηθείη.] The 'Surly man (ὁ αὐθάδης) is characterised by Theophrastus as apt προσαγορευθεὶς μὴ ἀντιπροσειπεῖν.—φαιδ pois, 'cheerful,' 'bright' (as we say).

δεηθείη καὶ ἐπαγγείλειεν.] ' prefer a request and make a promise (or proposal).' The two words are correlative to one another like 'asking and granting a favour.' ἐπαγγείλειεν is an emendation for ἀπαγγείλειεν proposed by H. Wolf and accepted by Reiske and others. Dobree unnecessarily suggests 'Quaere an potest ἐπαγγείλαιτο, i. e. opem peteret.' This would involve a needless repetition of the idea of δεηθείη. [Besides, ἐπαγ γέλλεσθαι is rather to make a profession of,' 'to propose that some one should accept your service' in some matter. P.]

=

τοῖς πεπλασμένοις καὶ σκυθρω ποῖς.] 'Affected and sullen characters.'

69. πρόβλημα τοῦ τρόπου.]

Α

ἐνταῦθα δηλοῖ.] He shews herein the real rudeness and bitterness (malignity) of his disposition (or temper.)'

• to

τῷ πώποτε εἰσήνεγκας.] whose service did you ever contribute? Cf. Or. 53 § 9 pavov αὐτῷ εἰσοίσοιμι.

συμβέβλησαι.] to whom have you ever lent any aid?' K. Or, perhaps, with whom have you had any dealings? But συμβάλ λεσθαι (with perf. pass. used as mid.) may here be used in a general sense of helping, as in Or. 21 (Meid.) § 133 συμ. βαλουμένους τοῖς συμμάχοις. We have the active use in Or. 34 § 1, συμβόλαια πολλοῖς συμβάλ

τὸν σαυτοῦ θεῖον Νικίαν ἐκ τῆς πατρώας οἰκίας, αφή- 1123 ρησαι δὲ τὴν σαυτοῦ πενθερὰν ταῦτα ἀφ ̓ ὧν ἔζη, ἀοίκητον δὲ τὸν ̓Αρχεδήμου παῖδα τὸ σαυτοῦ μέρος πεποίηκας. οὐδεὶς δὲ πώποτε οὕτω πικρῶς οὐδ ̓ ὑπερήμερον εἰσέπραξεν ὡς σὺ τοὺς ὀφείλοντας τοὺς τόκους. εἶτα ἣν ὁρᾶτε ἐπὶ πάντων οὕτως ἄγριον καὶ μιαρὸν,

τοῦτον ὑμεῖς ἠδικηκότα ἐπ ̓ αὐτοφώρῳ λαβόντες οὐ τιμωρήσεσθε; δεινὰ ἄρα, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, ποιήσετε καὶ οὐχὶ δίκαια.

*Αξιον τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, καὶ Φορμίωνι τῷ παρασχομένῳ τουτονὶ νεμεσῆσαι τοῖς πεπραγμένοις, τὴν ἀναίδειαν τοῦ τρόπου καὶ τὴν ἀχαριστίαν ἰδίντας. οἶμαι γὰρ ἅπαντας ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι ὅτι τοῦτον, ἡνίκ ̓ ὤνιος ἦν, εἰ συνέβη μάγειρον ἤ τινος ἄλλης τέχνης δημιουργὸν πρίασθαι, τὴν τοῦ δεσπότου τέχνην 72 ἂν μαθὼν πόρρω τῶν νῦν παρόντων ἦν ἀγαθῶν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἡμέτερος τραπεζίτης ὢν ἐκτήσατ' αὐτὸν καὶ γράμματα ἐπαίδευσε καὶ τὴν τέχνην ἐδίδαξε καὶ χρημάτων ἐποίησε κύριον πολλῶν, εὐδαίμων γέγονε, τὴν τύχην, ᾗ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀφίκετο, ἀρχὴν λαβὼν πάσης * 73 τῆς νῦν παρούσης εὐδαιμονίας. οὐκοῦν δεινὸν, ὦ γῆ καὶ θεοὶ, καὶ πέρα δεινοῦ, τοὺς Ἕλληνα μὲν ἀντὶ βαρ

§§ 71-76. At this point the
speaker begins a fierce invective
against Phormio. Against Phor-
mio, who produced the defendant
as his witness, you have a right
to be indignant for his effrontery
and his ingratitude. When

Phormio was for sale, instead
of being bought by a cook, or
what not, and learning his mas-
ter's trade, he had the good for-
tune to come into the hands of
my father, who taught him the
business of a banker, and con-
ferred on him many other bene-
fits. Yet, with all his wealth,
he is ungrateful enough to allow
the founders of his fortunes to
remain in poverty and distress.
He has not scrupled to marry
her, who was once his own
master's wife, thus securing to
himself a large marriage-portion,
while he suffers my daughters to
languish without a dowry and
become poor old maids in their

father's house. Meanwhile, he counts and calculates the amount of my money, and criticises me as narrowly as a master might his slave.

71. νεμεσήσαι.] Α poetic verb, rarely found in good Greek prose. It occurs, however, in Or. 20 (Lept.) § 161, τοιαῦτα... οἷς μηδεὶς ἂν νεμεσήσαι; twice in Plato, and also in Arist. Rhet. II. 9. Here as elsewhere νεμε σαν is used in its regular sense of 'indignation at undeserved good fortune' (Arist. Eth. II. 7. 15 ὁ νεμεσητικὸς λυπεῖται ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀναξίως εὖ πράττουσι).

ἂν μαθὼν ἦν.] ἂν influences not only the participle but the principal verb v as well.

72. τραπεζίτης ὢν.] The participial clause is here, as often, more emphatic than the principal verb ἐκτήσατο. Since my father, into whose hands he came, was a banker.'

βάρου ποιήσαντας, γνώριμον δ ̓ ἀντ ̓ ἀνδραπόδου, του σούτων ἀγαθῶν ἡγεμόνας, τούτους περιορᾶν ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἀπορίαις ὄντας ἔχοντα καὶ πλουτοῦντα, καὶ εἰς τοῦθ ̓ ἥκειν ἀναιδείας ὥστε, ἧς παρ ̓ ἡμῶν τύχης 14 μετέσχε, ταύτης ἡμῖν μὴ τολμῶν μεταδοῦναι. ἀλλ ̓ αὐτὸς μὲν οὐκ ὤκνησε τὴν δέσποιναν γῆμαι, καὶ ἢ τὰ καταχύσματα αὐτοῦ κατέχεε τόθ ̓ ἡνίκα ἐωνήθη, ταύτῃ 1124 συνοικεῖν, οὐδὲ προῖκα πέντε τάλαντα αὑτῷ γράψαι, χωρὶς ὧν οὔσης τῆς μητρὸς κυρίας οὗτος ἐγκρατὴς γέγονε πολλῶν χρημάτων (τί γὰρ αὐτὸν οἴεσθε εἰς τὰς διαθήκας ἐγγράψαι “ καὶ τἄλλα, ὅσα ἐστὶν, Αρχίππῃ δίδωμι ;”) τὰς δ ̓ ἡμετέρας θυγατέρας μελλού σας δι ̓ ἔνδειαν ἀνεκδότους ἔνδον γηράσκειν περιορᾷ 75 καὶ εἰ μὲν πένης οὗτος ἦν, ἡμεῖς δ ̓ εὐποροῦντες ἐτυγχάνομεν, καὶ συνέβη τι παθεῖν, οἷα πολλὰ, ἐμοὶ, οἱ

73. γνώριμον.] Kennedy renders this: a friend instead of a slave. γνώριμος however is a weaker word than φίλος, though it is curiously placed after it by an anti-climax in Or. 18 (de corona) § 284 ξένος ἢ φίλος ἢ γνώριμος. But in the present passage, the context leads us to prefer translating it: a man of note instead of a mere slave.'

τοσούτων ἀγαθῶν ἡγεμόνας.]. An unusual phrase; 'who had led him to, shewed him the way to, so many social and political advantages.' P.]

καὶ πλουτοῦντα is perhaps a gloss on τὸν ἔχοντα. Cf. Soph. Αj. 157, πρὸς γὰρ τὸν ἔχονθ' ὁ φθόνος ἕρπει. Ρ.]

ἀναιδείας.] For the gen. cf. Οr. 36 § 48 εἰς τοῦθ ̓ ἥκεις μανίας. 74. καταχύσματα.] Harpocr. Δημοσθένης ἐν τῷ κατὰ Στεφάνου α'. ὅτι τῶν νεωνήτων οἱ δεσπόται τραγήματα κατέχειν Αριστοφάνης Πλούτῳ δηλοῖ. (Ar. Plut. 768,

φέρε νῦν ἰοῦσ ̓ εἴσω κομίσω κατα
χύσματα ὥσπερ νεωνήτοισιν ὀφθαλ
μοῖς ἐγώ). The sweetmeats,
nuts, &c. were scattered over
the newly-purchased slave and
scrambled for by his fellow-
servants. 'This was done, not
on the slave's account, but for
the sake of a good omen, as the
Scholiast tells us.' Becker's
Charicles III. 33 (=p. 368 of
Eng. abridg.). Hermann, Pri-
vatalt. § 12,5; St. John Hellenes
III. 27.

προίκα πέντε κ.τ.λ. ] § 28.

οὔσης κυρίας.] He, as the husband, has got possession of property, as κύριος (or legal possessor) of her, as she was of the said property. P.]

75. εἰ συνέβη τι παθεῖν κ.τ.λ.] 'If, in the ordinary course of nature, anything had happened to me;' a common euphemism for death. See note on Or. 54 § 25.

ว

παῖδες ἂν οἱ τούτου τῶν ἐμῶν θυγατέρων ἐδικάζοντο, οἱ τοῦ δούλου τῶν τοῦ δεσπότου· θεῖοι γάρ εἰσιν αὐταῖς διὰ τὸ τὴν μητέρα τὴν ἐμὴν τοῦτον λαβεῖν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπόρως ἡμεῖς ἔχομεν, τηνικαῦτα οὐ συνεκδώσει ταύτας, ἀλλὰ λέγει καὶ λογίζεται τὸ πλῆθος ὧν ἐγὼ 16 χρημάτων ἔχω. καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο ἀτοπώτατον πάντων. ὧν μὲν ἀπεστέρηκεν ἡμᾶς χρημάτων, οὐδέπω καὶ τήμε ρον ἠθέλησεν ὑποσχεῖν τὸν λόγον, ἀλλὰ μὴ εἰσαγωγία μους εἶναι τὰς δίκας παραγράφεται· ἃ δὲ τῶν πατρῴων ἐνειμάμην ἐγὼ, ταῦτα λογίζεται. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἄν τις ἴδοι τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑπὸ τῶν δεσποτῶν ἐξεταζομέ• Bekker. τὸν λόγον om. Z cum Σ.

ἐδικάζοντο.] The regular word used of the suitors under such circumstances was ἐπιδικάζεσθαι (Or. 43 Macart. § 55 τῆς ἐπικλήρου ἐπιδικάζεσθαι and ἐπεδικαζόμην γένει ὢν ἐγγυτάτω). Hence, Dobree suggests: 'legendum vi

Π

detur εδικάζοντο i. e. ἐπεδικάζοντο
cum Wolfio,' a suggestion which,
although since supported by the
discovery of a marginal correc-
tion to that effect in the Paris
Ms Σ, is not perhaps abso-
lutely necessary, as the wider
general term includes the nar-
rower special one. The re-
ference, in any case, is to the
provisions of the Athenian law,
whereby, when there was no
son to inherit the estate, the
heiresses were bound to be
married to their nearest rela-
tives (not in the ascending
line). The next of kin brought
his claim before the chief Ar-
chon, whose duty it was έπιμε-
λεῖσθαι τῶν ἐπικλήρων (Or. 43
§ 75), public notice was given
of the claim, and if no one ap-
peared to dispute it, the Archon
adjudged the heiress to him
(ἐπεδίκασεν αὐτῷ τὴν ἐπίκληρον).

If another claimant appeared, a court was held to decide the suit, according to the Athenian law of consanguinity. Cases even occurred in which the suitor would get his wife taken off his hands to enable him to marry such an heiress (e. g. Or. 57 § 41). If the heiress' was poor, and the nearest relative did not choose to marry her, he was bound to give her a marriage-portion according to his own fortune (C. R. Kennedy, Dict. Antiq. s. v. Epiclerus). Or. 43 § 54 lex τῶν ἐπικλήρων ὅσαι θητικὸν τελοῦσιν, ἐὰν μὴ βούληται ἔχειν ὁ ἐγγυτάτω γένους ἐκδιδότω ἐπιδοὺς κ.τ.λ. (Cf. Κ. F. Her mann, Privatalt. § 64, notes 10 and 11, with Pollux 3. 33; and see Aristoph. Vesp. 583–7.)

θεῖοι.] Phormio's sons being, like Apollodorus, sons of Archippe, would be uncles' to the daughters of their halfbrother Apollodorus.—ἡμεῖς is emphatically contrasted with el πένης οὗτος ἦν (supra), [as ὧν ἐγὼ ἔχω inf. with the implied ὧν οὗτος (or ὧν αὐτὸς ἔχει.]

76. ἐξεταζομένους.] scrutinised," narrowly examined,' 'called