56 γατέρα αὑτοῦ ἐκδοῦναι ̓Απολλοδώρῳ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους γυναῖκα ἔχειν, καὶ μηδεπώποτε παραγενέσθαι, μηδὲ αἰσθέσθαι ὅτι ̓Απολλόδωρος ἀφῆκε τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἁπάντων Φορμίωνα.]° Ὅμοιός γε ὁ Δεινίας, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, τούτῳ, ὃς ὑπὲρ τῆς θυγατρὸς καὶ τῶν θυγατριδῶν καὶ ἐμοῦ τοῦ κηδεστοῦ διὰ τὴν συγγένειαν οὐδὲ τἀληθῆ μαρτυρεῖν ἐθέλει κατὰ τούτου. ἀλλ ̓ οὐχ οὑτοσὶ Στέφανος, οὐκ ώκνησε καθ' ἡμῶν τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυρεῖν, οὐδ', εἰ μηδένα τῶν ἄλλων, τὴν αὑτοῦ μητέρα ἰσχύνθη τοῖς ἀπ' ἐκείνης οἰκείοις τῆς ἐσχάτης ἐνδείας αἴτιος γενό of the numerous persons named Deinias or Theomnestus, not one is described in any inscription as ̓Αθμονεύς, and the ascription of the witness to the deme in question is perhaps due to the invention of the composer of the document. It is clear that Deinias, on being called, refused to swear to the deposition read aloud to him, οὐδὲ τἀληθῆ μαρτυρεῖν ἐθέλει. The deposition ought therefore to be followed by the word ἐξωμοσία as in $ 60. (A. Westermann, u. s. pp. 109-111.) Cf. Or. 49 § 20. Apollodorus, be it observed, assumes that the reason why Deinias refuses to swear to the deposition is that it would be to the detriment of his kinsman Stephanus; but the disclaimer may really have been due to Deinias being aware that the evidence was false. As the document before us is untrustworthy, we cannot tell what the proposed evidence really was,mpossibly something referring to Pasion's will (as suggested by Westermann u. s.) or rather something to the detriment of Stephanus' character, e.g. his bad behaviour to Apollodorus and his family, or his receiving bribes from Phormio to give false evidence against the plaintiff. (Lortzing, Apoll. p. 80.) 56. ἀλλ ̓ οὐκ ώκνησε.] Elsewhere, we have the ἀλλὰ repeated, e. g. Or. 21 (Meid.) § 200 ἀλλ ̓ οὐ Μειδίας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης λέγει κ.τ.λ. and Or. 23 (Aristocr.) § 89 ἀλλ' οὐκ ̓Αριστοκράτης, ἀλλὰ προπηλα κίζει μὲν κ.τ.λ. Passages like these lead Dobree to say, 'malim ἀλλ ̓ οὐκ ὤκνησε, but either construction is allowable.-οὐδ ̓ εἰ μηδένα τῶν ἄλλων, sc. ᾐσχύνθη. If he had no respect for any one else, he might at least have respected (had some regard for) his own mother and her relations. 570 57 [Ὃ τοίνυν ἔπαθον δεινότατον καὶ ἐφ ̓ ᾧ μάλιστα ἐξεπλάγην, ἵτ ̓ ἀγωνιζόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, τοῦθ ̓ ὑμῖν εἰπεῖν βούλομαι· τήν τε γὰρ τούτου πονηρίαν ἔτι μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς ὄψεσθε, καὶ ἐγὼ τῶν γεγενημένων ἀποδυράμενος τὰ πλεῖστα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὡσπερεὶ ῥᾴων ἔσομαι. τὴν γὰρ μαρτυρίαν, ἣν ᾤμην εἶναι καὶ δι' ἧς 1119 ἦν ὁ πλεῖστος ἔλεγχός μοι, ταύτην οὐχ εὗρον ἐνοῦσαν 58 ἐν τῷ ἐχίνῳ. τότε μὲν δὴ τῷ κακῷ πληγεὶς οὐδὲν ἄλλο εἶχον ποιῆσαι πλὴν ὑπολαμβάνειν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἠδικη S$ 57-62. I must tell the jury, by the way, of an atrocious trick which was played me to my great disadvantage in the former action. At the trial itself, the deposition on which I mainly relied proved to be missing; and I have since learnt that it was stolen by Stephanus while the suit was still before the arbitrator. I call witnesses to prove this; they take an oath of disclaimer. -I thought as much.-Well, to prove they are perjured, I now produce a challenge (duly attested by witnesses) calling on Stephanus to allow his slave to be tortured in the matter of the abstraction of the document; my witnesses depose he refused the challenge. Now, do the jury suppose that one who thus perpetrated a theft without any personal provocation, would have had the slightest hesitation in giving false evidence in his own interests and at the special instance of another? 57. ἐξεπλάγην.] The form -επλάγην is post-Homeric and is used in compounds with the sense strike with terror or amazement.' (Veitch Gk, Vbs. 8. v. πλήσσω. For the simple verb, ἐπλήγην is used, as in the first line of the very next section, but only in the sense of 'receiving a blow from.' [e.g. Soph.Oed. Col. 605, ὅτι σφ ̓ ἀνάγκη τῇδε πληγῆναι χθονι and Eur. Orest. 497, πληγείς θυγατρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ὑπὲρ (ὑπαὶ) κάρα. πληγείς τῷ κακῷ, for ἐκπλαγείς, is re markable; as if a Roman had said malo percussus, for perculsus. P.] ἀποδυράμενος τὰ πλεῖστα πρὸς ὑμᾶς.] by unburdening to you all that I can of my past sorrows. Hdt. II. 141, πρὸς τῶν γαλμα ἀποδύρεσθαι οἷα κινδυνεύει παθέειν. ῥᾴων ἔσομαι.] 'I shall feel relieved' or to translate it still more closely 'I shall feel easier.'] For this use of ῥᾴων, cf. Eur. Ion 872, στέρνων ἀπονησαμένη ῥᾴων ἔσομαι. Herc. Fur. 1407 ὡς δὴ τί φίλτρον τοῦτ ̓ ἔχων ῥᾴων ἔσει. 58. τὴν ἀρχὴν.] the magistrate,' in whose possession the sealed casket of depositions was kept until the trial. Cf. notes on Or, 53 § 24 τὴν ἀρχὴν and on Or.39 § 9 where ἀρχὴν, like magistratus in Latin and ‘authorities' in English, is used of the holder of the office as well as of the office itself. 'Portentose Reiskius τὴν ̓Αρχίππην, κέναι μὲ καὶ τὸν ἐχῖνον κεκινηκέναι. νῦν δὲ ἀφ ̓ ὧν ὕστερον πέπυσμαι, πρὸς αὐτῷ τῷ διαιτητῇ Στέφανον τουτονὶ αὐτὴν ὑφῃρημένον εὑρίσκω, πρὸς μαρτυρίαν τινὰ, ἵν ̓ ἐξορκώσαιμι, ἀναστάντος ἐμοῦ. καὶ ὅτι ταῦτ ̓ ἀληθῆ λέγω, πρῶτον μὲν ὑμῖν μαρτυρήσουσι τῶν τούτοις παρόντων οἱ ἰδόντες, οὐ γὰρ ἐξομνύναι ἐθελήσειν 59 αὐτοὺς οἶμαι”. ἐὰν δ ̓ ἄρα τοῦτο ποιήσωσιν ὑπ ̓ ἀναι δείας, πρόκλησιν ὑμῖν ἀναγνώσεται, ἐξ ἧς τούτους τ ̓ ἐπιορκοῦντας ἐπ ̓ αὐτοφώρῳ λήψεσθε καὶ τοῦτον ὁμοίως ὑφῃρημένον τὴν μαρτυρίαν εἴσεσθε. καίτοι ὅστις, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, κακῶν ἀλλοτρίων κλέπτης Ρ οἴομαι Ζ (cf. § 51). says Dobree,-Archippe having τὸν ἐχῖνον κεκινηκέναι. ] • had . ἵν ̓ ἐξορκώσαιμι.] that I might ἐξομνύναι.] to take an oath typh.) § 18 κάλει Ἱεροκλέα ἵνα ἐναντίον τούτων μαρτυρήσῃ ἢ ἐξομόσηται. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. ἀκριβῶς μὲν ᾔδειν· τοῦ γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἀνδρός ἐστιν, ἃ μὲν οἶδεν, ἐξόμνυσθαι, τῶν δὲ μὴ γενομένων πίστιν ἐθέλειν ἐπιθεῖναι ἢ μὴν εἰδέναι γενόμενα. Or. 29 § 20; Or. 58 (Theocrines) §7; Or. 59 § 28. 59. κακῶν ἀλλοτρίων κλέπτης κ.τ.λ.] did not shrink from being set down as having stolen what stood in other people's way.' κακῶν ἀλλοτρίων κλέπτης isa very questionable expression, (‘singulariter dicta sunt' observes Lortzing p. 91), 'a thief of other people's ills,' meaning (as some suppose) one who steals what is detrimental to other people's interests, in this case the μαρτυρία, which is a κακὸν οἰκεῖον to Phormio and a κακὸν ἀλλό τριον to Stephanus. Reiske says Fur alienorum malorum est Graecis ille qui mala, fraudes, scelera, clam, in occulto exsequitur et perficit, non sponte sua, sed iussu alieno;' and similarly C. R. Kennedy (rather vaguely) renders it 'a person who would commit a theft as a ὑπέμεινεν ὀνομασθῆναι, τί ἂν ἡγεῖσθε ποιῆσαι τοῦτον 6ο ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ; λέγε τὴν μαρτυρίαν, εἶτα τὴν πρόκλησιν ταύτην. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. [ *[Μαρτυροῦσι φίλοι εἶναι καὶ ἐπιτήδειοι Φορμί Cf. · τοῦτον ἄλλου του Z cum FΣΦ. τοῦτον ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ Bekker cum γρ. FΣΦ. • sensui satisfaceret δεομένου vel αἰτοῦντός του. § 62.” Sauppe. tool of another.' G. H. Schaefer, who rightly doubts whether κακὰ ἀλλότρια can mean anything.but mala quae alius patitur, proposes to read κακιῶν with the sense 'qui quid furatur, ut sceleribus alius accommodet.' Another critic (Beels, diatribe p. 100) says: 'κακῶν ἀλλοτρίων κλέπτης lepide vocatur Stephanus, qui in gratiam Phormionis et fortasse eius jussu, testimonium e capsula surripu erat.' In Plato Rep. 346 E we have μηδένα ἐθέλειν ἑκόντα ἄρ χειν καὶ τὰ ἀλλότρια κακὰ μεταχειρίζεσθαι ἀνορθοῦντα (‘to handle and set right other people's disorders'), but neither this nor any other passage that I can find supports the sense usually assigned to the words before us. It may therefore be worth while to suggest that κακών may be corrupt and should be altered into καὶ τῶν where και empha sizes the whole clause τῶν ἀλ λοτρίων κλέπτης ὑπέμεινεν όνο μασθῆναι, and not τῶν ἀλλοτρίων only. [The latter construction would inappropriately import into the passage some of the humour of the lines in Aristoph. Ranae 610 είτ' οὐχὶ δεινὰ ταῦτα, τύπτειν τουτονὶ κλέπτοντα, πρός τ' ἀλλότρια ‘isn't it a shame to beat this poor fellow (Xanthias) for stealing, and that too another man's goods?' A not uncommon παρὰ προσδοκίαν, as if some other kind of theft were possible.] Or again we may alter κακῶν into καὶ ἑκών, comparing § 62 where ὁ τὴν τοῦ κλέπτης φανῆναι (δόξαν) μὴ φυγών is parallel to ὃς ἃ μηδεὶς ἐκέ λευεν ἐθελοντής (=ἑκὼν) που νηρὸς ἦν. ἀλλοτρίων in any case is in tended to point the contrast with ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ in the second half of the sentence. [καὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων κλέπτης seems a highly probable emenda. tion; nor is there any difficulty in καὶ referring to the general character of a κλέπτης των ἀλλοτρίων. Ρ.] 60. μαρτυροῦσι κ.τ.λ.] The composer of the present document and the next and of that in Or. 46 §21, has not taken the trouble to invent any names for the witnesses. He describes them as 'friends of Phormio' to suggest a motive for their disclaiming cognisance of the alleged theft on the part of his witness Stephanus. The writer adds that it was on the declaration or award of the arbitrator between Phormio and Ap.' But so long as there were fresh witnesses being brought forward (as appears from § 58 πρὸς μαρτυρίαν κ.τ.λ.), the case was not ripe for the arbitrator's ωνι, καὶ παρεῖναι πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ Τισίᾳ, ὅτε ἦν ἀπόφασις τῆς διαίτης ̓Απολλοδώρῳ πρὸς Φορμίωνα, καὶ εἰδέναι τὴν μαρτυρίαν ὑφηρημένον Στέφανον, ἣν αἰτιᾶται αὐτὸν ̓Απολλόδωρος ὑφελέσθαι.]* Η μαρτυρεῖτε, ἢ ἐξομόσασθε.] ΕΞΩΜΟΣΙΑ. 61 [ Οὐκ ἄδηλον ἦν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, ὅτι τοῦτο ἔμελ λον ποιήσειν, προθύμως ἐξομεῖσθαι. ἵνα τοίνυν παραχρῆμα ἐξελεγχθῶσιν ἐπιωρκηκότες, λαβέ μοι ταύτην τὴν μαρτυρίαν καὶ τὴν πρόκλησιν, ἀναγίγνωσκε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. *[Μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι, ὅτε ̓Απολλόδωρος προὐκαλεῖτο Στέφανον παραδοῦναι τὸν παῖδα τὸν ἀκόλου θον εἰς βάσανον περὶ τῆς ὑφαιρέσεως τοῦ γραμματείου, καὶ γράμματα ἦν ἕτοιμος γράφειν ̓Απολλόδωρος, καθ ̓ ὅ τι ἔσται ἡ βάσανος. ταῦτα δὲ προκαλουμένου Απολλοδώρου οὐκ ἐθελῆσαι παραδοῦναι Στέφανον, decision; so we must either suppose that the writer has made a mistake, or that at any rate he uses ἀπόφασις in a vague and general sense for the process of decision and its immediate antecedents. (A. Westermann u. s. p. 111-112.)-On ἀπόφασις, cf. Or. 54 § 27 ad fin. The word in this sense is from ἀποφαίνω, not from ἀπόφημι. 61. p. 1120. μαρτυροῦσι.] The fabricator of the document overlooks the fact that the μαρτ τυρία and the πρόκλησις are two separate documents. It is improbable that he deliberately left out the πρόκλησις, as he has taken the pains to manufacture all the other necessary docu om. Σ. The two ments in the case. titles μαρτυρία and πρόκλησιs are wrongly placed at the head of the document, implying that either the compiler or the transcriber thought that the document included both, Dindorf (ed. 3) has rightly placed the πρόκλησις after the document, as in Or, 59 § 123 § 124. καθ ̓ ὅ τι ἔσται ἡ βάσανος.] ‘The terms of the torture.' Cf. Ar. Ran. 618.625 (α) καὶ πῶς βασα νίσω ; (β) πάντα τρόπον κ.τ.λ. (α) καν τι πηρώσω γέ σοι τὸν παῖδα τύπτων ταργύριόν σοι κείσε ται. Antiphon vi. (de Choreuta) § 23 ὡμολόγουν πείσας τὸν δεσπότην παραδώσειν αὐτῷ βασανίζειν τρόπῳ ὁποίῳ βούλοιτο, II2 |