complicated and may seem to take more time than may be alloted. True, it does require much preparation on the part of the teacher, but the earnest one objects not to that. Equally true is it that the student makes his own discoveries, takes no one's word for what he may see himself, and has boundless opportunity for seeing and learning as much as he desires beyond the required amount. The work can be done in the time usually devoted to a course following some text. It is also true that this method follows the advice of Agassiz quoted at the beginning. of this suggestion, i. e., to study and know your specimen and then find its name. But best of all, I believe this method will help make independent thinkers. Charleston, W. Va.

Education Not Sufficient

In this country we rightly pride ourselves upon our system of widespread popular education. We most emphatically do right to pride ourselves upon it. It is not merely of inestimable advantage to us; it lies at the root of our power of selfgovernment. But it is not sufficient in

itself. We must cultivate the mind; but it is not enough to cultivate only the mind. With education of the mind must go the spiritual teaching which will make us turn the trained intellect to good account. A man whose intellect has been educated while at the same time his moral edcuation has been neglected, is only the more dangerous to the community because of the exceptional additional power which he has acquired. Surely what I am saying needs no proof, surely the mere statement of it is enough, that education must be education of the heart and conscience no less than to the mind.

It is an admirable thing, a most necessary thing, to have a sound body. It is an even better thing to have a sound mind. But infinitely better than either is it to have that for the lack of which neither sound mind nor body can atone, character. Character is in the long run the decisive factor in the life of individuals and of nations alike.-Roosevelt.

Nicknames of Prominent Americans

Sherman, W. T.-Uncle Billy; Old Tecumseh.

Scott, W.-Old Chapultepec; Old Fuss and Feathers.

Sheridan, P. H.-Little Phil; Jack of Clubs.

Steadman, J. B.-Old Steady; Old Chickamauga.

Standish, M.-Indian Fighter; Hero of New England.

Sherman, John-Father of Resumption. Steuben, Baron.-Marshal Fonitz. Seward, W. H.-Irrepressible Conflict. Stratton, C. H.-Tom Thumb. Stuyvesant, P.-Old Silver Leg. Thurman, A. G.-Old Roman. Tourgee, A. W.-One of the Fools. Thomas, G. H.-Slow-Trot; Pap; Old Reliable; Rock of Chicamauga; Sledge of Nashville.

Taylor, Z.-Old Rough and Ready. Tilden, S. J.-Sage of Greystone. Tyler, John.-The Corporal. Trumbull, J.-Brother Jonathan. Vanderbilt, C.-The Railroad King. Venable, W. H.-The Teacher Poet. Voorhees, D. W.-Tall Sycamore of the Wabash.

Van Buren, M.-Jackson's Appendix; Little Magician: Sage of Kinderhook.

Whittier, J. G.-Stuart of America; Slavery Poet; Poet of Freedom; Quaker Poet; Bard of Amesbury.

Wayne, A.-Mad Anthony.

Webster, D.-Black Dan; American Demosthenes; Lion of the North; Monarch of Eloquence; Expounder of the Constitution.

Webster, N.-Schoolmaster of the Republic.

Washington, G.-American Fabius; Father of His Country; Cincinnatus of the West.

Wallace, Lew.-Louisa.

Wood, Reuben.-Tall Chief of the Cuyahogas.

White, John DeH.-Father of American Dentistry.

Whitman, W.-The Good, Gray Poet.
Wilson, H.-The Natick Cobbler.

Gilder, R. W.-Old Cabinet.

C. H. Murray,
In Ohio Teacher.

The thirst for public beauty is one of the most notable signs of our times. Parks, public squares, playgrounds for the children, casinos where social life may find expression, libraries, the disfigurement of streets by bill boards, the planting of shade trees-these questions are agitating various communities. A determined effort is being made to beautify town and country.

Middle-aged people can remember when the village roadway, usually known as Main street, was a veritable "Slough of Despond," but this state of affairs has been changed and public-spirited men and women now realize that laying out good roads is one of the first steps in civic improvement. One of the earliest places. to realize this was New Haven, Conn., which started an Improvement League over a century ago. The first incorporated society was at Stockbridge, Conn. To-day these associations are in all parts of the country and are transforming unsightly hamlets into approximate Edens.

When the first association was formed at Stockbridge, that place had muddy, uneven streets, ill-kept fences, and weeds. Gradually the streets were drained, people were persuaded to take down fences, lighting and watering were provided for. To-day the Laurel Hill Village Improvement society of Stockbridge stands forth as a model of its kind. Parks, decorative features and monuments attest the indefatigable work of its members. There is not a city or village in our land but can benefit by Stockbridge's example, and it has proved an incentive to many places.

Honesdale, Pa., has for the motto of its association, "Let us all work together." Sanitary and street vigilance, children's auxiliary, flower committee, park and outdoor workers are some of its subcommittees. The town council has charge of large undertakings, while the Improvement league looks after the little things. A retaining wall was built on both sides

of the stream that divides the town, a footpath with a double row of maples was laid out on one side of the river, flowers were planted in odd places, a frog pond was converted into a park.

Another prominent league is in Montclair, N. J. For some time the women of this place had felt the need of a thorough house-cleaning, and a man was sent out with a broom and wheelbarrow. day they have a sanitary committee, a park committee and a branch to look after the preservation of natural beauties.

To

From Bar Harbor to San Diego hundreds of these societies exist, and ugly villages have been transformed into beauty spots.

Not alone villages, but cities, are active in this direction. Though, according to a record dated 1711, the city of New York continued a certain widow Dunn as scavenger of Broad street, Chicago has the honor of being the first city in the world to appoint women as sanitary inspectors. One of the things these women hope to stamp out is exposing food and vegetables in front of grocery stores, where they often stay all day, catching the dust and dirt, becoming impure for eating purposes and obnoxious to passersby.

The suburbs of Chicago, St. Paul and other large cities are laid out with curved streets, the triangular spots being utilized for flower beds. Wyoming, Ohio, one of the most modern examples of a radical departure from the old manner of laying out a town, is fairly embowered in trees.

One phase of this craze for public beauty is the decoration of railroad grounds and stations. One road that runs through the Miami valley is bordered on both sides by landscape undefiled by the unsightly fences that usually separate farms.

Another road, which runs from Portsmouth, Va., to Georgia, is using the village improvement idea along its whole

line. Its chief industrial agent organizes an association in every city and hamlet along its tracks, reading matter is sent out to arouse public sentiment and recipes for whitewash are given the people to use on fences and outbuildings. This road has started a hundred experiment farms along its line, with agricultural graduates in charge. A train of cars with twelve inspectors stops at place after place and shows the farmer how to fix the horrible country roads. Improved machinery is exhibited, together with the latest dairy apparatus. These experi

mental farms and the school on wheels are doing untold good, and increased patronage is showing that the public appreciates the efforts of this corporation.

Other corporations besides railroads are swept along by this wave of beauuty transforming our land. The South Park association of Dayton, O., has for years been held up as a model of its kind and as an instance of how one of the worst districts of a town can be converted into a thing of beauty. All this is the result of the efforts of one manufacturing company interested in the betterment of its employes. South Park is to-day organized to fight dirt and disease, and street vies with street, yard with vard, as to which shall claim the honor of being the most beautiful.

There is not a lamp post or telephone pole in this place that is not wreathed with vines, and the finest effects are obtained with morning glories, sweet peas, nasturtiums, zinnias, phlox, cannas and petunias. Property has increased in value, the shops have become attractive instead of dirty. Prizes are given for the best kept lawns, window boxes and back yards, while stereoptican slides show the people samples of the finest estates in this country and England and the latest methods in horticulture.

The Westinghouse company at Wilmerding, near Pittsburg, ranks high among the corporations who not only adorn their factory, but make it possible for employes to beautify their home grounds. A gardener and assistants have charge of the greenhouse. Shrubs, plants, and seeds are sold to employes for a nom

15

inal sum or given outright. The firm gives a series of prizes for the best lawns and gardens. A pretty park is set apart for the use of workingmen and their children. The neatly kept yards of the workingmen's homes add to the attractiveness of the place.

Such efforts must bring excellent results. Our country's name will be magnified and America's art education will take a leap in a few years beyond what decades of art history could teach us. The great impetus toward civic beauty has come to stay, and the cultivation of a love for everything beautiful in nature and art is destined to accomplish even greater things than the last few years have brought forth.-Pittsburg Dispatch.

Emerson as a Model

Mr. D. C. French, the sculptor, tells with much relish the story of his experiences when he was commissioned to make the bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson which is now in Memorial hall of Harvard university.

At one of the sittings, says Mr. French, Mr. Emerson rose suddenly and walked over to where the artist was working. He looked long and earnestly at the bust, and then, with an inimitably droll expression, he said:

"The trouble is the more it resembles me the worse it looks."

After the sculptor had finished the bust he asked Mr. Emerson to inspect it. The philosopher's opinion was characteristically terse.

"Well," he said at last, "that is the face I shave."

Mr. Emerson, Mr. French relates, made one of his quaint observations about another bust, the work of another artist. It was a characterless kind of thing and showed not the slightest hint of the Emerson character. After looking it over Emerson said:

Acting under the following act of the legislature relating to the special school District of Huntington, the Board of Education by resolution passed Jan. 6th, accepted Mr. Carnegie's gift by complying with the first condition of his proposition:

"In addition to the preceding levies the Board of Education may annually levy a tax not to exceed one mill on the dollar valuation, for the establishment, support and maintenance, and increase of a public library, said library to be under the control of the Board of Education."

On the same evening the Chamber of Commerce passed, by unanimous vote, a resolution enthusiastically endorsing the action of the Board of Education in accepting the generous offer of Mr. Carnegie, joining with the Board in a vote of thanks to Mr. Carnegie, and pledging the cordial support of the Chamber in carrying out the splendid librarv enterprise.

On Friday evening, Jan. 10th, the City Council in special session unanimously conveyed to the Board of Education for library purposes, a portion of ground 90x90 feet on the corner of Fifth avenue and Ninth street, which is in the very 1 art of the city and will constitute the

most appropriate and beautiful site for conditions required by Mr. Carnegie and a public library. This completed all the ere this is read by readers of the Journal active operations will have been begun toward realizing for the city of Huntington another splendid educational institution, which has in it untold possibilities for the intellectual and moral welfare of her citizens.

It should be said that active steps had already been taken toward the establishment of a public library. A levy had been made which would yield for library pura room had been poses about $2,200, rented, furniture ordered, and an order for books had been placed. The city had shown a determination to help herself, hence Mr. Carnegie was willing to assist in the enterprise. Very respectfully,

W. H. Cole,
Superintendent City Schools.

The Care of Books

Many school libraries are not receiving the care which ought to be given them. The books lie around upon tables or benches instead of being put in their places on the shelves; when on the shelves they recline at various angles instead of being kept erect as they ought to be, and are racked so that the binding is broken or weakened; when the binding breaks they are allowed to go unrepaired until leaves are loosened and lost and the book is ruined. These things ought not to be, their educational effect upon the public is bad. A school ought to inculcate good habits by precept and example. It should tech how to use and care for books, and be very scrupulous as to the example set by its own practice. Pupils carry pencils, pen-holders, erasers, all sorts of things, in their books, and thus quickly destroy the bindings, unless taught to avoid such practices. Many do not know how to handle or hold a book, and by awkward habits subject it to needless damage. Instruction upon such matters is greatly needed by many, and it is a legitimate part of the work of the school to give such instruction. Wisconsin Journal of Education.