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rated capital has brought upon the country -a party which shall be in accord with the principles and theories of liberty laid down by the founders of our Government-musttling for the same rights that are gradually precede any just, wise or beneficial legisla tion for the American people; therefore, Resolved, That the platform of principles adopted by the Convention of the National Greenback-Labor party, held in Chicago, June 9, 1880, embracing the following de

mands:

ury and Interior, except to actual settlers
and in parcels not exceeding 120 acres.
Eighth-That as the Irish people are bat-
being wrested from us, we extend to them
and all others our sympathy and aid, and bid
them God-speed in their battle against tyr-
anny.
Ninth-That we regard the attempted as-
sassination of the President of the United
universal condemnation of every American

States as an outrage which deserves the

citizen.

The unification of the people of the whole country; the overthrow of all monopolies by the resumption by the Government of the Tenth-That we extend to the family of power to issue and control the money of the the President our sincere sympathy in this people, and by a Government control of rail- hour of their great affliction, and sincerely roads and other transportation corporations; hope that the dutiful son, the dev ted and the just payment of our National debt ac affectionate father, will soon be restored in cording to the laws under which it was con-health to the bosom of his family. tracted; the protection of labor by the establishment of an honest fiscal and financial system, and by securing to every citizen the inalienable right to the soil, and the gen eral administration of the Government in the interest of the producing many, instead of, as at present, the non-producing few-is one under which all citizens desiring to accomplish these reforms can unite under the banner of that political party which first presented them as questions to be settled by American citizens.

THE RESOLUTIONS.

Resolved, That all the money paid to rail. road companies for transporting persons or property in excess of what is required to pay the legitimate expenses of operating such roads and a fair return on their actual cost, is in violation of the fundamental law of public use which allows railroads to be built, and should immediately be prohibited by legislative enactment.

Second-That railroad companies should be prohibited by law from charging more for transporting property during the season when water navigation is closed than they charge for like services during the season of open-water navigation.

Third-That we work for the lawful suppression of any traffic or custom that encourages crime.

Fourth-That this Convention recognizes the National Greenback Party as the original anti-monopoly organization of the country, and, as such, extends the hand of sympathy to the anti-monopoly leagues for the public service they are rendering in educating the people on one of the questions contained for years in our platform.

Fifth-That the Government should exchange its legal-tender notes for any of its interest bearing debts at par on demand and for gold or silver bullion or coin at their legal weight values.

Sixth-That we recognize the fact that all chief executive officers should have entire control of the selection and appointment of their assistants, to the end that the administrative machinery may work harmoniously; but for the purpose of relieving both State and National politics from the odium of executive interference, we demand that all persons performing executive service for the State or General Government shall be deprived of the elective franchise during the period of such service.

Ohio Republican.

[Adopted June 8.]

The Republicans of Ohio, in Convention assembled, hereby reaffirm and readopt the principles and policy of the party as shown in its history.

Resolved, That the Republicans of Ohio heartily approve and indorse the Adminis tration of James A. Garfield, President of the United States; and we hereby pledge to him our cordial support in the performance of all the duties devolving upon him as the Chief Magistrate of the Nation.

Second-That we hereby indorse the wise

policy of the Republican party in giving full protection to American labor and in discrim inating in favor of home production.

Third-That the public interests require that the General Assembly should submit to a vote of the people such amendments to the Constitution of the State relative to the manufacture, sale and use of intoxicating liquors as shall leave the whole matter to legislation.

Ohio Democratie.

[Adopted July 13.]

The Democrats of Ohio, proud of their citi. zenship in this great State, for the purpose of maintaining the prosperity of the Commonwealth, aud to promote the welfare and happiness of the whole people, submit the following declaration of principles upon which they ask the suffrages of the people: The equality of all people before the law equal taxation; unpolitical legislation, and a free and pure ballot as the corner-stone of free institutions; opposition to monopolies and subsidies of all kinds; the strictest economy in National, State and local administrations, that labor may be lightly burdened; the maintenance and advancement of the common school system.

Resolved, That the abuses of the present contract system in our State Prison, by which the products of criminal labor are brought into competition with the products of honest labor, to the great injury of the latter, are vicious and unwise, and should be corrected.

Second-That the course of the last Republican Legislature deserves the condemnation of the people for its incompetency, Seventh-That we protest against the pro-hypocrisy, unnecessary and heavy increase posed sale of public lands in Minnesota, as in the burdens of taxation, and for its reoradvertised by the Secretaries of the Treas-ganization of the benevolent institutions of

the State solely for the purpose and as a, means for the distribution of spoils. Third-That, as the humanities are nonpartisan, and as the treatment of criminals should be non-political, the management of the charitable and punitive institutions of the State should be free from partisan charge or appointments.

Fourth-That we are in favor of a Civil Service Reform whereby offices shall be held to be a public trust to be administered for the public good, not spoils to be enjoyed as the reward of partisan zeal or service.

Fifth-That the Democrats of Ohio in this year, as in all years, are in favor of the largest individual liberty consistent with the public order, and are opposed to legislation merely sumptuary.

Sixth-That the recent discovery of enormous peculations in high public places and Republican attempt to purchase votes by corruption should convince the country that the Republican organization is not worthy of public confidence.

Seventh-That the power delegated to the General Government to regulate commerce among the States, as well as the power reserved to the States to regulate commeree within their own borders, should both be exercised to prevent unjust discrimination and unreasonable charges by our railroads. A tariff should be for revenue, levied and adjusted in its details, with a view to equity to the public burdens, and the encouragement of productive industries without creating monopolies; and we favor the appoint. ment of a commission to suggest a method of revision which shall accomplish this result.

The committee also recommended the adop tion of the following, though not included in the platform.

Resolved, That we deeply deplore the recent attempt upon the life of the President of the United States by an assassin, and denounce assassination in this Republic as the highest and most revolting of crimes, and we extend to the President and his family our deepest sympathies and our carnest hopes that a speedy recovery be vouchsafed to him.

Pennsylvania Republican.

[Adopted September 8.]

Resolved, That the Republican party of Pennsylvania is in the most hearty accord with the Administration of President Garfield, and, while uniting in the prayers of all good people for his speedy recovery, pledges continued fealty and the most active support in the prompt and courageous correction of all governmental abuses. As Republicans we are in favor of any proper and well-considered reform, either in the government of the Nation, the State, municipality or county, and we court suggestion as to any or all of these ends, and only ask that in their advocacy well-established safeguards shall not te hastily supplanted by experiments. The Administration of President Garfield has set the right example in this direction, and while firmly adhering to the principles and better practices of the great party which called it into existence, it yet insists upon faithfulness and honesty in every branch of the public service. That the bullet of an assassin should not interrupt this work. It should be pursued while its author lives, and be

yond his life, if through increasing misfor. tune it should be taken away.

Second-That the Republican party has ever been progressive and reformatory, and while realizing that nothing in government is wholly right, we desire to be always brave enough to seek every avenue of approach to the right, to the end that all our people may enjoy the ever-increasing blessings of good government.

Third-That to President James A. Garfield, this tender and loving, this struggling and suffering, this pure and brave man, now become the beloved of this people and the admired of all people, we tender for ourselves and our constituents assurances of deep and heartfelt sympathy, and, keenly appreciating the value of such a life to his country,we express the prayerful hope that he may soon be restored to the discharge of the impor tant duties for which he is remarkably qual ified and from which, by a peculiarly infa mous crime and in undeserved assault for a conscientious exercise of proper executive power, he has been temporarily withdrawn.

Fourth-That in State as in Nation, the Republican party is committed to the course of economical and honest administration. we demand the use of all necessary means and the enforcement of all laws intended to prevent fraud and waste, and we require a close and watchful guardianship over all of the multifarious interests committed to the care of our organization.

Fifth-That in any revision of our tariff legislation which may be made care shall be taken to discriminate in favor of our indus tries, and thereby promote the causes which are rapidly making America a controlling power in finances, as it already is an estab lished leader in political thought.

Pennsylvania Democratic.

[Adopted September 29.] Resolved, That the Democratic party of Pennsylvania, in Convention assembled, declare:

First-For the preservation of the Constitution of the United States, home rule, free dom of elections, for resistance to revolu tionary changes tending to consolidation or empire; against the election of any per son to the Presidency a third time, and against the presence of troops at the polls; against the appropriation of public money for any purpose but the support of the Gov ernment, and against class legislation, which despoils labor to build up monopoly.

Second-That the Democratic party, as of old, favors a constitutional currency of gold and silver in all forms, and coalition with re pudiators merits the condemnation of honest people. The refusal of a Republican Admin. istration to accede to the Democratic demand for a further reduction in the rate of interest on the National debt subjects the Government to a needless expense of millions of dollars annually.

Third-That in view of the exposure of ex tensive frauds in the Postal and Treasury Departments under the last Federal adminis tration, the people demand prompt and unfaltering prosecution of the thieves. Their successful operations prove that there will be no real reform in the management of Departments of the Federal Government without a sweeping change therein. Sincere Civil Service reform will begin with a return to the Jeffersonian tests for office-holders of

honesty, capability and faithfulness to the Constitution.

ginia, always defending it against the assaults of all persons or parties whatsoever. Second-That amongst the principles of the Republican party none is of more vital importance to the welfare and interest of the country in all its parts than that which pertains to the sanctity of Government contracts. It therefore becomes the special duty and province of the Republican party of Virginia to guard and protect the credit of our time-honored State, which has been be smirched with repudiation, or received with distrust, by the gross mismanagement of various factions of the Democratic party. which have controlled the legislation of the State

Third-That the Republican party of Virginia hereby pledges itself to redeem the State from the discredit that now hangs over her in regard to her just obligations for moneys loaned her for constructing her internal improvements and charitable institu tions, which, permeating every quarter of the State, bring benefits of far greater value than their cost to our whole people, and we in the most solemn form pledge the Republican party of the State to the full payment of the whole debt of the State, less the onethird set aside as justly falling on West Vir ginia; that the industries of the country should be fostered through protective laws, so as to develop our own resources, employ our own labor, create a home market, enhance values, and promote the happiness and prosperity of the people.

Seventh-That no monopoly or exclusive right in the forces of nature, in grants of eminent domain, in the diffusion of information among the people by telegraph, and as sociations for furnishing dispatches to the press, for the grant of privileges affecting the daily business of the citizen, can or ought rightfully to exist under our form of government. These are at all times to be subject to such legislative regulation and control as the rights and interests of the people demand. That the delegated power of Congress to regulate commerce among the States, and the reserved power of the States to regulate the same within their borders, should be forthwith exercised to prevent unjust discrimination by common carriers against individuals and localities, and all the provisions of the Constitution of Pennsylvania relative to the exercise and abuse of the corporate franchise and the duties of common carriers to the public should be enforced without delay by appropriate legislation. That all governmental powers should be used in restraint of monopolies and not in aid of them, and simple and speedy remedies should be provided by leg. islative enactment by which any citizen injured in his business may, in State and Federal courts, by due process of law, have quick, certain and adequate redress for corporate wrongs. That vestel rights must be protected and respected, and great corporations warring between themselves to the injury of the public interests and their own shareholders must be regulated and controlled by wise and effective laws. That franchises, the property of the people, shall be granted and exercised solely for the public benefit and subject to immediate and absolute forfeiture by due process of law when Fifth-That the elective franchise as an used for oppression or extortion, or when equal right should be based on manhood otherwise abused. No corporation to be qalification, and that we favor the repeal of above the people or the law. We thus reaf- the requirements of the prepayment of the firm the ancient doctrines of the Democratic capitation tax as a prerequisite to the franparty, and most cordially invite our fellow-chise as opposed to the Constitution of the citizens, of whatever party, to join with us United States, and in violation of the condiin carrying out the principles and policy we tion whereby the State was readmitted as hereby announce, and to the advocacy of a member of our Constitutional Union, as which we pledge ourselves until the right well as against the spirit of the Constitushall prevail. tlon; but demand the imposition of the capResolved. That all good citizens, regard-itation tax as a source of revenue for the less of party affiliations, sincerely mourn the support of the public schools without its death of President Garfield, and that we, as disfranchising effects. representatives of more than 400.000 Democratic voters, express their individual and collective grief at the calamity which has befallen the Republic, their sorrow and sympathy with the domestic affliction of the President's stricken household, and their execration of his assassin and of the murderer's foul crime.

Virginia Republican.

[Adopted August 11.]

Fourth-That the public school system of Virginia is the creature of the Republican party, and we demand that every dollar the Constitution dedicates to it shall be sacredly applied thereto as a means of educating the children of the State, without regard to con. dition or race.

Sixth-That we favor the repeal of the disqualification for the elective franchise by a conviction of petty larceny, and of the infamous laws which place it in the power of a single justice of the peace (ofttimes being more corrupt than the criminal before him) to disfranchise his fellowman.

Seventh-Finally, that we urge the repeal of the barbarous law permitting the imposition of stripes as degrading and inhuman, contrary to the genius of a true and enlightened people, and a relic of barbarism.

[The Convention considered it inexpedient

Whereas, It is proper that when the peo. ple assemble in convention they should to nominate candidates for State officers.] avow distinctly the principles of government on which they stand; now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That we, the Republicans of Virginia, hereby make a declaration of our allegiance and adhesion to the principles of the Republican party of the country, and our determination to stand squarely by the organization of the Republican party of Vir

Virginia Readjuster.
[Adopted June 2.]

First-We recognize our obligation to suppor the institution for the deaf, dumb and blind, the lunatic asylum, the public free schools and the Government out of the revenues of the State; and we deprecate and denounce that policy of ring rule and subor

dinated sovereignty which for years bor- these and other reasons we adhere to the rowed money out of banks at high rates purpose hitherto expressed to provide more of interest for the discharge of these para-effectual legislation for the collection of this mount trusts, while our revenues were left tax, dedicated by the Constitution to the the prey of commercial exchanges, available public free schools, and to abolish it as a to the State only at the option of speculators qualification for and restriction upon suiand syndicates. frage.

Second-We reassert our purpose to settle. and adjust our State obligations on the principles of the "Bill to re-establish public, credit," known as the "Riddleberger bill," passed by the last General Assembly and vetoed by the Governor. We maintain that this measure recognizes the just debt of Vir. ginia, in this, that it assumes two-thirds of all the money Virginia borrowed, and sets aside the other third to West Virginia to be dealt with by her in her own way and at her own pleasure; that it places those of her creditors who have received but 6 per cent instalments of interest in nine years upon an exact equality with those who by corrupt agencies were enabled to absorb and monopolize our means of payment; that it agrees to pay such rate of interest on our securities as can with certainty be met out of the revenues of the State, and that it contains all the essential features of finality.

Third-We reassert our adherence to the Constitutional requirements for the "equal and uniform" taxation of property, exempting none except that specified by the Constitution and used exclusively for "religious, charitable and educational purposes."

Fourth--We reassert that the paramount obligation of the various works of internal improvement is to the people of the State, by whose authority they were created, by whose money they were constructed, and by whose grace they live; and it is enjoined upon our representative and executive officers to enforce the discharge of that duty; to insure to our people such rates, facilities and connections as will protect every industry and interest against discrimination, tend to the development of our agricultural and mineral resources, encourage the investment of active capital in manufactures and the profitable employment of labor in industrial enterprises, grasp for our city and our whole State those advantages to which by their geographical position they are entitled, and fulfil all the great public ends for which they were designed.

Fifth-The Readjusters hold the right to a free ballot to be the right preservative of all rights, and that it should be maintained in every State in the Union. We believe the capitation tax restriction upon the suffrage in Virginia to be in conflict with the XIVth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. We believe that it is a vio. lation of that condition of reconstruction wherein the pledge was given not so to amend our State Constitution as to deprive any citizen or class of citizens of a right to vote, except as punishment for such crimes as are felony at common law. We believe such a prerequisite to voting to be contrary to the genius of our institutions, the very foundation of which is representation as antecedent to taxation. We know that it has been a failure as a measure for the collection of revenue, the pretensed reason for its invention in 1876, and we know the base, demoralizing and dangerous uses to which it has has been prostituted. We know it contributes to the increase of monopoly power, and to corrupting the voter. For

Sixth-The Readjusters congratulate the whole people of Virginia on the progress of the last few years in developing mineral resources and promoting manufacturing enterprises in the State, and they declare their purpose to aid these great and growing in. dustries by all proper and essential legisla tion, State and Federal. To this end they will continue their efforts in behalf of more cordial and fraternal relations between the sections and States, and especially for that concord and harmony which will make the country to know how carnestly and sincerely Virginia invites all men into her borders as visitors or to become citizens without fear of social or political ostracism; that every man, from whatever section of country. shall enjoy the fullest freedom of thought speech, politics and religion, and that the State which first formulated these princi ples as fundamental in free government is yet the citadel for their exercise and protec tion.

Virginia Democratic.

[Adopted August 4.]

The Conservative-Democratic party of Vir ginia-Democratic in its Federal relations sembled in convention, in view of the pres and Conservative in its State policy-asent condition of the Union and of this conmonwealth, for the clear and distinct asser tion of its political principles, doth declare ical faith: that we adopt the following articles of polit

to all men, special privileges to none; free First-Equality of right and exact justice dom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of the person under the protection of the hibeas corpus; of trial by juries im partially selected, and of a pure, upright the people, free from force or fraud of and non-partisan judiciary; elections by citizens or of the military and civil officers of Government; and the selecuon for public offices of those who are honest and best fitted to fill them; the support of the State governments in all their rights as the most competent adminis trations of our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies; and the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitu tional vigor as the best sheet-anchor of our peace at home and our safety abroad.

Second-That the maintenance of the pub lic credit of Virginia is an essential means to the promotion of her prosperity. We con dean repudiation in every shape and form as a blot upon her honor, a blow at her per manent welfare, and an obstacle to her progress in wealth, influence and power; and that we will make every effort to secure a settlement of the public debt, with the consent of her creditors, which is consistent with her honor and dictated by justice and sound public policy; that it is eminently de sirable and proper that the several classes of the debt now existing should be unified, so that equality, which is equity, may con trol in the annual payment of interest and the ultimate redemption of principal; that,

with a view of securing such equality, we pledge our party to use all lawful authority to secure a settlement of the State debt so that there shall be but one class of the pub. lic debt; that we will use all lawful and constitutional means in our power to secure a settlement of the State debt upon the basis of a 3 per cent bond, and that the Conservative-Democratic party pledges itself, as a part of its policy, not to increase the present rate of taxation.

Third-That we will uphold, in its full constitutional integrity and efficiency, our public-s hool system for the education of both white and colored children-a system inaugurated by the Constitution of the State and established by the action of the Conservative party years before it was required by the Constitution; and will take the most effectual means for the faithful execution of the same by appplying to its support all the revenues set apart for that object by the Constitution or otherwise.

Fourth-Upon this declaration of principles we cordially invite the cooperation of all Conservative Democrats, whatever may have been or now are their views upon the public debt, in the election of the nominees'

of this Convention and in the maintenance
of the supremacy of the Democratic party
in this State.
Resolved, further, That any intimation,
coming from any quarter, that the Conserva-
tive-Democratic party of Virginia has been,
is now, or proposes to be, opposed to an hon-
est ballot and a fair count, is a calumny upon
the State of V rginia as unfounded in fact
as it is dishonorable to its authors.

That special efforts be made to foster and encourage the agricultural, mechanical, mining, manufacturing and other industrial interests of the State.

That, in common with all good citizens of the Union, we reflect with deep abhorrence upon the crime of the man who aimed a blow at the life of the eminent citizen who was called by the constitutional voice of fifty millions of people to be the Pres dent of the United States; and we tender to him and to his friends the sympathy and respect of this Convention and of those we represent, in this great calamity, and our hearty desire for his complete restoration to health and return to the discharge of his important duties, for the welfare and honor of our common country.

INAUGURAL ADDRESSES

OF PRESIDENTS GARFIELD AND ARTHUR.

Of James A. Garfield,

March 4, 1881.

FELLOW-CITIZENS: We stand to-day upon an eminence which overlooks a hundred years of national life-a century crowded with perils, but crowned with the triumphs of liberty and law. Before continuing the on ward march, let us pause on this height for a moment to strengthen our faith and re. new our hope by a glance at the pathway along which our people have traveled.

It is now three days more than a hundred years since the adoption of the first written Constitution of the United States-the articles of confederation and perpetual union. The new Republic was then beset with danger on every hand. It had not conquered a place in the family of nations. The decisive battle of the war for independence, whose centennial anniversary will soon be grate fully celebrated at Yorktown, had not yet been fought. The colonists were struggling not only against the armies of a great nation but against the settled opinions of mankind; for the world did not then believe that the supreme authority of government could be safely intrusted to the guardianship of the people themselves.

We cannot overestimate the fervent love of liberty, the intelligent courage, the sum of common sense with which our fathers made the great experiment of self-government. When they found, after a short trial, that the Confederacy of States was too weak to meet the necessities of a vigo.ous and expanding Republic, they boldly set it aside, and in its stead established a national Union, founded directly upon the will of the people, endowed with full power of self-preservation and ample authority for the accomplishment of its great object.

Under this Constitution the boundaries of freedom have been enlarged, the foundations

of order and peace have been strengthened, and the growth of our people in all the better elements of national life has indicated the wisdom of the founders and given new hope to their descendants. Under this Constitution our people long ago made themselves safe against danger from without, and secured for their mariners and flag equality of rights on all the seas. Under this Constitution twenty-five States have been added to the Union. with constitutions and laws, framed and enforced by their own citizens, to secure the manifold blessings of local self-government.

The jurisdiction of this Constitution now covers an area fifty times greater than that of the original thirteen States, and a popu lation twenty times greater than that of 1780.

The supreme trial of the Constitution came at last under the tremendous pressure of civil war. We ourselves are witnesses that the Union emerged from the blood and fire of that conflict purified and made stronger for all the beneficent purposes of good gov ernment.

And now, at the close of this first century of growth, with the inspirations of its histoy in their hearts, our people have lately reviewed the condition of the nation, passed judgment upon the conduct and opinions of political parties, and have registered their will concerning the future administration of the Government. To interpret and to execute that will in accordance with the Constitution is the paramount duty of the Executive.

Even from this brief review it is manifest that the Nation is resolutely facing to the front, resolved to employ its best energies in developing the great possibilities of the future. Sacredly preserving whatever has been gained to liberty and good government during the century, our people are deter

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