against mutinous conduct; as it will remaia a monument of that i partial juftice, which in this country is fhown to the meanest individual and grotleft offender. FOREIGN CATALOGUE. GERMANY. ART. 65. Caroli, a Linné equitis Syftema Vegetabilium fecundum classes Ordines Genera, Species cum Characteribus et Differentiis. Editio decima quinta, que ipfa eft recognitionis a b. Jo. Andrea Murray inftituta tertia. Procurata a C. H. Perfoon, plurium Societatum focio. Sro. 1026 pp. Gottinge, 1797 This afeful work of Linnæus's having gone through fo many editions, is too well known to make it neceffary for us to give any account of it. We fhall, therefore, only remark, that it contains the fame fpecies that were enumerated by Murray, in the fourteenth edition, and no more. The generic and specific characters are corrected in fome places, particularly the former from the accurate Gartner. A few references are added here and there; together with fome obfervations, both under fome of the articles, and at the foot of the page. Mr. Pexfoon might have done more; but, however, a new and accurate edition of the Sytema Vegetabilium must be acceptable to botanists; the former edition being out of print. It contains upwards. of forty pages more than Chevalier Murray's edition. ART. 66. Caroli a Linné Species Plantarum exhibentes Plantas vite cognitas ad Genera relatas, cum differentiis fpecificis, nominibus trivialibus, Synonymis felelis, locis natalibus. Secundum fyflema fexuale digeftas. Editio 4, poft Reichardianam, 5. Adjectis Vegetabilibus bucufque cogni tis, curante Carolo Ludovico Willdenow. Tomus I, Pars I. 8vo. 495 pp. Berolini, 1797. This is the commencement of a work fill more interesting to the botanift than the preceding. The two editions of the Species Plantarum published by Linnæus himself, have long been rarely to be met with in England. Even Reichard's edition is out of print: and, befides, does not contain the plants of the Supplementum Plantarum of the younger Linnæus, and of many other valuable works, published fince his death. The learned author of this new edition purposes, in the course of it, to give all new plants that have been fufficiently af certained, certained. He corrects the characters, adds many ufeful fynonyms, and short obfervations or defcriptions, to many of the fpecies. In fhort, it is a moft ufeful work, very well executed; and we heartily with the author leifure and health to finish it. Reichard's edition was in four volumes; but the number of plants which t is work will contain being double, the author purposes to divide each volume into two parts. All that is now publifhed, is the first part of the first volume, containing the three firft claffes of the fexual fyftem complete, to the end of Triandria. ART. 67. Profeffor Swartz is well known to the botanical world, by his Catalogue of new Plants, mostly discovered by him in the West Indies, between the years 1783 and 1787, entitled by him Prodromus, and published in 1788. Alfo, by his Obfervationes Botanica, published in 1791, and containing many corrections of er ors in the fourteenth edition of Syftema Vegetabilium, and accurate defcriptions of many plants, chiefly natives of the Weft-Indies. The prefent work, containing defcriptions of all thofe plants, of which we had only the names and characters in the Prodromus, must be very acceptable to every general and exotic botaniit; who will admire the diligence of Swartz, in collecting fo many new plants, on ground that had been trod by Plumier, Sloane, Browne, and Jacquin. The first volume reaches no further than to the end of the clafs Hexandria. ART. 68. Ecloga Americana feu Defcriptiones Plantarum præfertius This first part of a great work contains the characters and defcriptions of feventy-three American plants, moftly new ones. They were collected chiefly by Julius von Rohr, and Dr. John Ryan, who prefented them to the celebrated Vahi: and he has defcribed them from the dried fpecimens. The author's preface is dated from Copenhagen, in March, 1797. We hope that fo uteful a work will be fpeedily continued. Dr. Ryan, to whom it is dedicated, is now in London, in his way from the West Indies to Copenhagen. ART. 69. Euripidis Iphigenia in Aulide, græce, recenfuit, commentario illuftravit, indicemque vocabulorum adjecit Jo. Georg. Höpfner. Halle, LXXX, and 348 pp. 8vo. The objections which had been made in fome literary journals, to the manner in which Mr. H. had before edited the Cyclops, and the Trachinia, have induced him to accommodate his critics, by publish ing this tragedy on a different plan. In this edition, therefore, befides corrections of the text, are found not only copious introductions, an account of the contents of the whole, &c., but, likewife, in the Commentary, instead of a mere collection of grammatical and critical obfervations, a continued expofition rather of the general fenfe, than of individual words, a paraphrafe, and arguments to each fection, The editor has, with laudable induftry, availed himself of whatever had before been written on this tragedy, as is evident both from the notes, and from the double addenda; though we cannot altogether approve of the felection which he has made from the materials with which he was provided. We conceive, likewife, that it was unneceffary, in fuch an edition, to point out all the conjectural alterations of the text, of whatever defcription they might be, fince, to those who would wish to underland the poet, they may often be confidered to be, at least, useless; while they will only tend to obftruct the progrefs of fuch readers as have yet made no great proficiency in the language. In the Commentary it appears likewife to us, that Mr. H. has not followed his own edition, but that of Barnes. Upon the whole, we are of opinion that he has depended too much on the judgment of others, where he might often, with great propriety, have decided himself. This can only have led him to obferve, for example, p. 336, that Barnefius mifere ait hoc carmen effe luxatum, quinto enim in loco Jambum fe: cui in trochaico nullum locum effe; whereas, on fuch an occafion, there could be no reafon to appeal to his authority; and, in p. 142, inftead of combating Markland's ill-founded notion, in regard to , to fhow rather verba nonnulla apud Græcos male ominata effe. In the Differtations prefixed, Mr. H. treats, with confiderable ability, of the Iphigenia, its contents, of other tragedies bearing the fame title, and of their differences; of the perfons of the drama, its moral tendency, and, laftly, of human facrifices, Jena ALZ. ART. 70. C. Plinii Secundi Panegyricus Trajano dictus, recenfuit notifque illuftravit Gottlieb Erdmana Gierig, Gymnafiarchus et Praf, Theol in Archig. Tremon. Leipzig, 1796. XLIV, and 311 pp. 8vo. A very valuable edition, which evinces at once the author's accurate and extenfive philological knowledge, and his ingenuity in conjectural emendation. Ibid, ART. 71. Xenophon's Gaftmahl und Occonomicus. Aus dem Griechif chen überfetzt und mit erlauternden Anmerkungen begleitet von A. G. Becker.-Xenophon's Sympofiacs and Oeconomicus. Tranflated from the Greek, and accompanied with explanatory Notes, by A. G. Becker, Halle; 216 pp. in l. 8vo. (14 gr.) To this tranflation of the Sympofiacs of Xenophon, a well-written introduction is prefixed, nearly in the manner of that by Wolfe to the Sympofiacs of Plato. Mr. B. is perfuaded that it was Xenophon's intention, in this piece, to obviate the too prevalent notion, that Socrates was a voluptuary, a feducer of youth, and a pederaft; and to fhow, from his own mouth and converfation, with what abhorrence he spoke of of fuch impure and unnatural indulgences, and, on the contrary, what an high opinion he entertained of lawful and more refined paffions. This converfation is referred by Mr. B. to the third or fourth year of the eighty-ninth olympiad. That it was held, at leaft, fubfequently to the first year of the eighty-ninth olympiad, appears from the allufions made to it by a buffoon in the Clouds of Aristophanes, which were reprefented for the first time in that year. This author expreffes himself as if Ariftophanes only had made Socrates the fubject of his raillery; though it is generally known, that others in Athens entertained themfelves at his expence, as he himself acknowledges Symp. 6, 6. feqq. Oecon. 11, 3; and, indeed, betides Ariftophanes, other comic writers, particularly Eapolis and Amipfias, expofed him to ridicule on the flage; compare Seneca de vita beata, c. 27. And it must be owned that Socrates gave frequent occafion for the liberties which were thus taken with him, as Tychfen has clearly proved, in his Efay on the Charges brought again? Socrates, in the Bibl. d. alt. Literat. Parti, p. 41 feqq. Among the hiftorical notices concerning the perfons who appear in the Sympafiers, thofe refpecting Callias, by whom the entertainment was given, are particularly curious. Of Lycon, who is, by Socrates, faid to be a diftinguifhed perfonage, Mr. B. obferves, that nothing further is known. But may he not poffibly have been the demagogue of that naine, who was afterwards one of his accufers? We regret that the author has not prefented his readers with a general view of the contents of this piece, as alfo with fome hints refpecting its fpirit and nature, compared with that of Plato. The tranflation is accompanied with obfervations, printed under the text; and, in a fupplemental effay, the queftion, Whether Virtue is to be taught? which had been prepofed by Socrates, Symp. 2, 7, is anfwered from Plato and Xenophon. This is followed by a German ver. fion of the excellent tract on Economy, but without any introduction. Ibid. ART. 72. Homeri Odyfe Rhapfodia A. cum integris Scholiis minoribus excerptifque ex Euftathii Commentariis, addita felecta lectionis varietate, 8vo. Thorn. The edition of the Iliad, by Müller, with extracts from Euftathius, fuggefted to the author the idea of publishing fingly the books of the Odyley, which appeared to him to contain matter better calculated for the inftruction of youth, in a fimilar way. To this first Book, are prefixed the contents of the Odyffey, taken from the Scholia on Lycophron. The text is, with a few exceptions, that of Wolf, and the impreffion correct. Ibid. BOHEMIA. ART. 73. Abhandlungen der kön. böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wiffen fchaften; 2r Band m. kupf. Tranfactions of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences. Vol. 11. with Plates, large 4to. Prague. (4 Rixd.)· This collection confiits partly of phyfical, and partly of diplomaticohiftorico-literary articles. Of the former kind, the more important are, are, 1. A Differtation, by Mr. A. Gruber, on the Advantages to be derived from Hydrographic Charts. 3. Obfervations on the Degree of Heat required in Furnaces, and on the Influence of the Atmosphere, on metallurgic Operations, by the Baron v. Sternberg. 5. Defcription of an Anemometograph, which will, in the abfence of the Obferver, mark the Direction of the Wind, by the Chev. Landriani. 9. Solution of fome Problems relating to the Ellipfis, by Count v. Pakaffi. 12. On a new elaftic Bitumen from Madagascar, by Prof. Meyer. 13. Dfcription of the Ramphaftos viridis, and of the Momota Linn. by Dr. Spalowski; and, laftly, 15. Results of Meteorological Obfervations, made at Prague, and in other parts of Bohemia, for 1790-3, by Prof. Strnadt. Among the diplomatico-hiftorico-literary pieces, we fhall point out the following differtations; 1. Jofeph Bened. Heyrenbach's Sclavonians in Auftria. The occafion was given to this differtation by an ancient tradition, which makes Illyria the original feat of the Slavonians. The account in Neftor, that the Slavonians were, in ancient times, called Norici, and the important paffage in Conftantin, de adminiftrand. imp. c. 30, together with the explanation of it in Gelas. ad Hajek. T. II, p. 11, bring the Dalmatic Slavonians from Noricum. They might poffibly come with the Huns and Avari, as their flaves, into Auftria, and the author fhows, with confiderable diplomatico. historical ability, that there were formerly more Slavonians than Germans in Auftria; even in the middle of the 12th century they inhabited a particular district on the river Aift, as appears from a document belonging to the year 1142. Their feat, in the most remote times, was on the banks of the Danube. 5. Literary Accounts of a Journey, undertaken in the year 1792, at the Inftance of the Society of Sciences at Prague, to Sweden, by the Abbé Dobrowfky; an effay, which evinces alike the indefatigable induftry, and extenfive literary information of the author. Among the literary curiofities defcribed in this effay, the following are, perhaps, the most important: 1. A beautifully written. and gigantic MS. on parchment, belonging to the thirteenth century, confifting of 312 pages, of upwards of ell long, and 2 feet in breadth, in which are found, besides other articles of lefs value, a, the Old Teftament, according to the Vulgate tranflation; b, Jofephus; c, Ifidori Origg. d, a medical work, by Johannicius; e, the New Testament, according to the Vulgate, in which, 1 John v, 7, concerning the heavenly witneffes, is wanting; g, Cofmas Bohemian Chronicle, from which the text, published, in1607, by Freher, in his Script. rer. Bohem. is taken. It appears, that this MS. was written at Podlazic, from whence it was transferred to Braunau, and afterwards to Prague, on the 4th of March, 1594; 6. The Scholaft. hift. Petri Manducatoris, tranflated into Bohemian, in the year 1481; 11. A Bohemian Hadinar, or Horatius, &c. In Mofcow, the author was employed in collating ancient Sclavonian MSS. for the fecond edition of Griefbach's N. T. RUSSIA, |