abrupt hillocks with perfect ease and safety. In the morning of the day in which the packet was to sail, a favourable breeze sprung up; and, after undergoing the usual search of the revenue officers, in the execution of which they behaved with much civility, I embarked, and bid adieu to continental ground.

GENERAL REMARKS.

The fact seems at first singular. Two of the greatest nations under heaven, whose shores alunost touch, and, if ancient tales be true, were once unsevered, call the natives of each other foreigners.

Jealousy, competition, and consequent warfare, have, for ages, produced an artificial distance and separation, much wider and more impassabie than nature ever intended, by the division which she has framed; hence, whilst the unassisted eye of the islander can, from his own shores, with "unwet feet," behold the natural barrier of his continental neighbour, he knows but little more of his real character and habits, than of those beings who are more distantly removed from him by many degrees of the great circle.

The events which have happened in France for the last eleven years have rendered this separation more severe, and, during that long and gloomy interval, have wholly changed the national character. Those who once occupied the higher class in the ascending scale of society, and who have survived the Revolution without leaving their country, are no longer able to display the taste and munificence which once distinguished them. In the capital, those who formerly were accustomed to have their court-yards nightly filled with carriages, and their staircases lined with lacqueys, are now scarcely able to occupy one third of their noble abodes. They cannot even enjoy the common observances of friendship and hospitality, without pausing, and resorting to calculation. A new race of beings, called the "nouveaux enrichés," whose services have been chietly auxiliary to the war,

of time behold the crested spirit of the Norman hero advance," with beaver up," and nod his sable plumes, in grim approval of the novel, gay, and gaudy feodality.

When men become possessed of power, they are seldom disposed to part with it; and faint indeed is the hope that time will ever behold the fugitive family of France restored to the throne of their ancestors. Of this august and unfortunate family, the prince de Condé is the only member of whom the French speak with esteem and approbation.

The treasury of the French is, as may be expected, not overflowing, but its resources must speedily become ample. The necessities of the state, or rather the peculations of its former factious leaders, addressed themselves immediately to the purses of the people, by a summary process completely predatory. Circuitous exaction has been, till lately, long discarded. The present rulers have not yet had sufficient time to digest and perfect a financial system, by which the establishments of the country may be supported by indirect and unoffending taxation. Wisdom and genius must long and ardently labour, before the ruins and rubbish of the Revolution can be removed. Every effort hitherto made to raise the deciduous credit of the republic has been masterly, and forcibly bespeaks the public hope and confidence, in favour of every future measure.

The armies of the republic are immense; they have hitherto been paid and maintained by the countries which they have subdued; their exigencies, unless they are employed, will in future form an embarrassing subject of consideration in the approaching system of finance. This mighty body of men, who are very moderately paid, are united by the remembrance of their glory, and the proud consideration that they constitute a powerful part of the government; an impression which every French soldier cherishes. They also derive some pride, even from their discipline: a military delinquent is not subject

to ignoble punishment; if he offend, he suffers as a soldier. Imprisonment, or death, alone displaces him from the ranks. He is not cut down fainting, and covered with the ignominious wounds of the dissecting scourge, and sent to languish in the reeking wards of military hospitals.

In reviewing the present condition of France, the liberal mind will contemplate many events with pleasure, and will suspend its final judgment, until wisdom and genius shall repose from their labours, and shall proclaim to the people, "Behold the work is done."

It has been observed, that in reviewing the late war, two political rules, which were boldly disregarded by the British ministry, will hereafter be treasured up in the judgments of politicians. Machiavel has asserted, that no country ought to declare war with a nation which, at the time, is in a state of internal commotion; and that, in the prosecution of a war, the refugees of a belligerent power ought not to be confidentially trusted by those who give them shelter. Upon violating the former, those heterogeneous parties, which, if left to themselves, will always embarrass the operations of their government, become united by a common cause; and by offending against the latter clause of this cautionary code, a perilous confidence is placed in the triumph of gratitude, and private picque, over that great prejudice which nature plants and warmly cherishes in the breast of every man in favour of his country. In extenuation of a departure from the first of these political maxims it may be urged, that the French excited the war, in which they displayed the extraordinary spectacle of a nation sending forth mighty armies successfully to combat her enemies, assailing her from every quarter, whilst she was writhing within with All the agonies of revolutionary convulsion. Rather less can be said in palliation of the fatal confidence which was placed by the English government in some

at present absorb the visible wealth of the nation. Amongst them are many respectable persons. The lower orders of the people have been taught, by restless visionaries, to consider the destinations of Providence, which had before, by an imperceptible gradation of social colouring, united the russet brown to the magisterial purple, as usurpations over those natural rights which have been impressed without illustration, and magnified by a mischievous mystery. In the fierce pursuit of these imaginary immunities, which they had been taught to believe had been long withheld, they abruptly renounced all deference and decorum, as perilous indications of the fallacy of their indefinable pretensions, and were not a little encouraged by the disastrous desertion of their superiors, who fled at the first alarm. In short, the Revolution has, in general, made the higher orders poor and dispirited, and the lower barbarous and insolent; whilst a third class has sprung up, with the silence and wuddenness of an exhalation, higher than both, without participating in the original character of either, in which the principles of computation, and the vanity of wealth, are at awkward variance.

Until lately the ancient French and the modern French were antipodes, but they are now converging, under a government, which, in point of security, and even of mildness, has no resemblance, since the first departure from the ancient establishments. The French, like the libertine son, after having plunged in riot and excesses, subdued by wretchedness, are returning to order and civilization. Unhappy people, their tears have almost washed away their offencesthey have suffered to their heart's core. Who will not pity them to see their change, and hear their tales of misery? Yet, strange to relate, in the midst of their sighs and sufferings, they recount, with enthusiasm, the exploits of those very men, whose heroic ambition has trampled upon their best hopes, and proudest prosperity. Dazzled by the brilliancy of the

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spreading flame, they forget that their own abode is involved in its desolation, and augments the gloomy grandeur of the scene. To this cause may, perhaps, be traced that singular union of grief and gaiety, which affords rather an impressive contrast to the more solemn consistency of English sadness. The terrible experiment which they have tried, has, throughout, presented a ferocious contest for power, which has only served to deteriorate their condition, and render them too feeble either to continue the contest, or to reach the frontier of their former character. In this condition they have been found by a man who, with the precedent of history in one hand, and the sabre in the other, has, unstained with the regicidal crime of Cromwell, possessed himself of absolute sovereignty; from a conviction that a decisive and irresistible authority can alone reunite a people so vast and distracted, who, in the pursuit of a fatal phantom, have been inured to change, and long alienated from subordination. A military government, like that of France, presents but a barren subject to the consideration of the inquirer. When the sabre is changed into the sceptre, the science of legislation is short, simple, and decisive. Its energies are neither entangled in abstract distinctions, nor much impeded by the accustomed delays of deliberation.

From the magnitude of the present ruling establishment in France, and the judicious distribution of its powers and confidence, the physical strength can scarcely be said to reside in the governed.

A great portion of the population participates in the character of the government. The bayonet is perpetually flashing before the eye. The remark may appear a little ludicrous, but in the capital almost every man who is not near-sighted is a soldier, and every soldier of thé republic considers himself as a subordinate minister of state. In short, the whole political fabric is a refined system of knight's service. Seven centuries are rolled back, and from the gloom