Evaluation of diagnostic systemsEvaluation of Diagnostic Systems: Methods from Signal Detection Theory addresses the many issues that arise in evaluating the performance of a diagnostic system, across the wide range of settings in which such systems are used. These settings include clinical medicine, industrial quality control, environmental monitoring and investigation, machine and metals inspection, military monitoring, information retrieval, and crime investigation. The book is divided into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that emphasize the interpretation of diagnostic visual images by human observers. The first part of the book describes quantitative methods for measuring the accuracy of a system and the statistical techniques for drawing inferences from performance tests. The subsequent part covers study design and includes a detailed description of the form and conduct of an image-interpretation test. The concluding part examines the case study of a medical imaging system that serves as an example of both simple and complex applications. In this part, three mammographic modalities are used: industrial film radiography, low-dose film radiography, and xeroradiography. The case study focuses on the overall reliability of accuracy indices made by its main components, that is, the variabilities across cases, across readers, and within individual readers. The supplementary texts provide study protocols, a computer program for processing test results, and an extensive list of references that will assist the reader in applying those evaluative methods to diagnostic systems in any setting. This book is of value to scientists and engineers, as well as to applied, quantitative, or experimental psychologists who are engaged in the study of the human processes of discrimination and decision making in either perceptual or cognitive tasks. |
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A₂ accuracy index adequate alternatives approach assessment background information brain scans Chapter classification clinical comparison conditional probability consider correlation cost-benefit analysis costs and benefits criteria CT and RN decision criterion decision flow diagrams determine diagnostic system discussed efficacy analysis error estimates evaluation example expected value false-positive Figure frequencies given Human reliability illustrate imaging system impact index of accuracy indices joint ROC lesion localized abnormality LROC mammography matching MATRIX measure methods Metz NORMAL DEVIATE Nuclear Medicine observers obtained original case sample original sample P(TP parameters patients performance population positive practical present prior probability procedure Radiology reading test reading-test sample receiver operating characteristic relative represent ROC analysis ROC curve ROC points Section selection signal detection signal detection theory single-mode slope specific statistical SUBROUTINE techniques test readers test sample true-positive value of P(FP variability variance VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRIX vigilance