Truncked, viii. 10, truncated, having had its top, or limbs lopped off; so a truncated cone' is one from the top of which a slice has been cut off. Lat. truncus, maimed.

Tway, vii. 27, twain, as in the phrase 'in twain.'

Twyfold, v. 28, twofold; used of a team of horses driven two and two.
Tyne, ix. 15 (see Teene), anxiety, toil, pain.
Tyrannesse, v. 46, female tyrant.

U.

Ugly, ix. 48, horrible, fearful (of crime).

Unacquainted, v. 21, unusual, with which one is not acquainted.
Unbid, ix. 54, without a prayer. A.S. un- and béd a prayer.

Uncouth, i. 15; xi. 20, unusual, properly unknown; used in this sense by
Spenser, Shepheards Cal. Ecl. ix. 60: " In hope of better that was
uncouth." A.S. uncúð, from cunnan, to know; so selcouth, in Early
Engl. seldom known, rarely known, uncommon.
The later sense of
awkwardness is a natural deduction.

Undight, iii. 4 (see Dight), to unfasten take off a dress or ornament. Uneasy, v. 36, without ease, disturbed, thence restless. Uneath, ix. 38; x. 31; xi. 4, scarcely, with difficulty, not with ease. A.S. un-eáð, uneasy; Old Engl. une-edes, with difficulty; Icel. aud, easy, and unodi, uneasy; and in Scottish, audie is an easy-going fellow. There is some doubt as to the usage of the word in xi. 4, "and seemed uneath to shake the stedfast ground," where some commentators suppose that it is a contraction for underneath. See note on xi. 4.

Unhable, iv. 23, incapable.

Unhastie, iii. 4, slow.

Lat. inhabilis.

Unkindly, i. 26, unnatural, unlike their kind. See Kindly,
Unlich, v. 28, unlike.

Unprovided, xii. 4, unforeseen. Lat. improvisus.

Untill, xi. 4, unto, to; so til for to in N. Engl., "to gang til Carlisle." Chaucer, Kn. Tale, 2106, has “Hom til Athenes." So also Dan. til, to, of place. Ger. Ziel, Goth. til. A.S. til = an end, station, towards which one tends in a journey. A.S. tilean, to till the ground, comes from the A. S. adj. til, fit, suitable, leading to its object or end; whence tillage is the preparation of the ground towards its proper end, harvest.

Unthrifty, iv. 35, wicked, or unthrifty scath' may be 'ruin that wastes without care or stint.'

Unwary, xii. 25, unexpected, whereof they were not aware.

Unweeting, ii. 45; vii. 6; x. 65; xi. 29, not knowing, unconscious, unaware. A.S. witan, to wot, weet, know. See Weet.

Upstart, i. 16, started up.

Upwound, i. 15, knotted together, wound up.

Venger, iii. 20, avenger.

V.

Vew, ix. 20, appearance. Fr. vue, Lat. videre.

Vild, heading to c. iii.; ix. 46, vile; vildly, i. 20; iii. 43, vilely.

Vital, iv. 49; v. 19, having, or giving life. Lat. vitalis; ‘vital paines, 'vital spright.'

Voyage, ix. 4, journey; as the Fr. voyage, It. viaggio.

W.

Wade, i. 12, to walk, or go. Spenser also uses the form to vade, III. ix. 20. The verb to wade, A.S. wádan, did not at first necessarily signify walking through water, though A.S. wád means a ford. It may be connected with Lat. vadere, vadum, where also the verb is used more generally, and the subst. signifies a ford. Hence waddle, to walk as one does who wades. Wage, iv. 39, gage, or pledge; so 'wager of battle;' 'to lay a wager,' is to lay down a pledge for the correctness of an opinion. Fr. gage. Horne Tooke connects the word with the A.S. caggian, to cage, lock up, gag; also with key, and quai (their office being to shut up, the one a box, the other ships, or the water).

Warrayd, v. 48, laid waste; the same word as worry, and perhaps as barry (of an army). Connected with to wear, and war.

Fairfax, i. 6,

has "The Christen Lords warraid the eastern land." A.S. wérian, to weary. To worow, in O. Engl. = to strangle; as dogs worry a sheep, seizing it by the neck (Ger. wurgen); but this is not the original

sense.

Waste, i. 42, wasted, squandered.

Wastfull, i. 32; iii. 3; viii. 50, wild. Fr. gâter, gaster, It. guastare, Lat. vastare, to spoil, devastate.

Wastnes, iii, 3, wilderness.

Wax, iv. 34, to grow; p.p. woxen. A.S. weaxan, Ger. wachsen.—

Wayting, x. 36, watching.

Weare, i. 31, spend, pass (of time). Lat. terere tempus; usually in a bad sense.

Weeds, Introd. 1; ix. 28, clothes.

connected with weód, weed, grass, as the phrase widow's weeds.'

6

A.S. wed, a garment; possibly it clothes the field. Still used in

Ween, i. 10; iii. 41; x. 58, to think. A.S. wénan, to hope, expect; wén,

a hope, expectation.

Weet, iii. 6; vi. 14; viii. 37; xii. 3, to know, perceive. A.S. witan, to know; Ger. wissen; akin to wise and wit; wote, and wot are the present tense of this verb, as in i. 13; ix. 31; xii. 31.

Welke, i. 23, to sink in his revolution (of the sun); or it may mean to fade, as Ger. welken, to be welked or wrinkled: so Chaucer (Pardoneres Tale, 277), "ful pale and welkid is my face." The two meanings may be connected by the notion of a thing twisted, contorted, thence withered and wrinkled.

Ger.

Welkin, iv. 9, sky, the rolling sky. A.S. wealcan, to roll, revolve. The "welked Phoebus," may be "the sun when he has run his race.' Wolken, clouds, comes from the rolling masses in the sky. The shell-fish whelk has a convoluted shell; to walk is to roll along. See Horne Tooke, Div. of Purley, ii. 4, word welkin.

Well, ii. 43, well-being, weal. A.S. wela.

Wend, i. 28; x. 15, 56, to go. A.S. wendan, Goth. vandjan, Ger. wenden, to turn or wind. From it comes our past tense went.

Wex, xi. 1, to grow. See Wax.

Whenas, ii. 32; iv. 44; v. 52; vi. 34; vii. 34, 38; ix. 37, when, as

soon as.

Whereas, vi. 40, where.

While, Introd. 4, time, space of time. A.S. buil, probably a revolution of time, connected with wheel and welkin; awylian, to roll away. The adv. a-while is only the subst. and art. (In the passage in Spenser it is usually spelt as one word, as an adv., but in both the origininal editions it is in two words.) To while away time, means to make it revolve or pass. See welkin.

Whot, x. 26, hot.

Whyleare, ix. 28, a while before. A.S. bwil, time, dr, dre, before. Whylome, Introd. 1; iv. 15, v. 23; vii. 36; ix. 7; xi. 29; xii. 41, formerly, still, continuously. A.S. bwilon, bwílum, awhile, for a time. Wimple (verb), i. 4, to plait or fold; (subst.), xii. 22, neck-kerchief or covering for the neck; so distinguished from the veil. A.S. winpel, Fr. guimple, Du. wimpelen, perhaps Ger. Wimpel, a pennon, flag. In the dress of nuns it is the white linen plaited or folded cloth around their necks. When Spenser speaks of the "vele that wimpled was full low," he must mean that it fell low in folds like a wimple. So Chaucer writes of the Prioress, Prol. 47,

66

Upon an amblere esely sche sat,

Wymplid ful wel, and on hire hed a hat."

In Old Fr. guimple is a hood. The French derive it from vinculum, "parce qu'on en lie la teste."

Wis, v. 27, to know. A.S. witan, pret. wiste, to wot, know. Wise (wize), iii. 19; xii. 17, 18, manner, way, guise. A.S. wisa, Fr. guise, Ger. Weise. We still have the word in our likewise, otherwise. So Spenser uses guize, xii. 14. Similarly, the word disguise means dissemble in dress or manner, to strip off the usual guise or dress, and to wear another. Fr. déguiser.

to

Wood, iv. 34; v. 20, mad, furious; frequent in Chaucer. A.S. wód, Goth. vods, Ger. wüthend. Woden, god of war, is so named from his fury. Is woad, the blue "war-paint" of the Britons, connected with this word? Wonne, vi. 39 (wone), to dwell. A.S. wunian, to dwell; Old Engl. woning, dwelling; Ger. wohnen. From this comes (as a p.p.) the subst. wont, that which is usual, customary; whence again a p. p. wonted.

Worshippe, i. 3, honour, reverence. Cp. " with my body I thee worship."
Now used properly of God alone. A.S. weord-scipe.
Wot (wote), i. 13; ix. 31; xii. 31. See Weet.

Woxen, iv. 34; x. 2; xi. 52 (p. p. of to wax). See Wax.
Wreake, viii. 43; xii. 16, vengeance. A.S. wrécan, to afflict, punish,
wreak; wræc, vindictive punishment. Goth. vrikan, Ger. Rache. From this
word we get perhaps the origin of the "jaws of hell" so common in early
painters. Rachen is in Ger. throat, maw, jaws; and the phrase 'Der
Rachen der Hölle' expresses both the yawning jaws of hell, and the
vindictive punishment thereof. From wræc comes our wretch, wretched.

Wreck, xi. 21, mischief, damage, destruction; from the same root (A.S. wrécan) as wreak. Ship-wreck is but one use of the word. Akin to it is the reckling or little wretch of a litter of pigs; so also the phrase 'rack and ruin. O. Eng. rak, crash. See Wreak. Horne Tooke, part ii. chap. iv.

Y.

Ycladd, i. 1, 7 (ycled, iv. 38), clad. The y- is the old sign of the p.p., and is the Old Engl. and A.S. ge-, as also in Ger. ge-kleidet. It still survives in such words as a-go, a-gone. Church in his Glossary tells us that "the letter is frequently put before a word, without adding anything to its signification, and only to lengthen it a syllable !"

Ydle, v. 8, empty-handed.

Ydrad, i. 2, dreaded, p.p. of to dread. Old Engl. adrad.

Yede, xi. 5, to go, spelt also yead; pret. yode. Richardson, Dict., v. yede,
says, "i. e. go-ed, gode." But Spenser uses yede as an infinitive. Early
Engl. eode, gede, went; clearly connected with to go, gate, gait.
Yeld, xi. 37, to yell.

Yfere, ix. I, in company, together. Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1037. A.S. ge-fera, a companion; from féran, to go. See Fere.

Ygoe, ii. 18, ago; also written agone, or ygone, shewing that it is the p.p. of the verb to go. A.S. and Ger. gegangen.

Ymp. See Impe.

Ynd, vi. 2, India.

Ypight, ix. 33. See Pight.

Yod, x. 53, pret. of yede, which see.

Youngling, x. 57, offspring, young of man or beast; here, of lambs. A.S. geongling, Ger. Jüngling.

Yplast, iv. 28, placed; p.p. of to place.

Yrksome, ii. 6, weary; iii. 4, tiresome. A. S. earg, slothful, timid; Scottish,

ergh, to feel reluctant.

Yts, vii. 39, it is.

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