days before and after that date. When last seen she will show but a silvery crescent of light, and when she reappears as a morning star on the other side of the sun she will pass through the same phase, only the sharp cusps will point westward. Her distance from us will gradually increase, and at the same time her angular distance from the sun will increase until, when she reaches her point of greatest distance west of the sun, on April 27, she will be greatly reducel in apparent size, and exactly one-half of her illuminated hemisphere will be visible to us and || will present a half-moon phase. After April 27 she will continue to decrease in apparent size and present a gibbous phase until about the first of October, when she will become quite stationary in size, and nearly round, being in that portion of her orbit where her distance from us varies but slightly for nearly two months. She also is close to superior conjunction November 30, when she becomes invisible; in fact, she is lost sight of long before that date, being so dim and near the sun. She will just begin to be seen again on the east of the sun as a dim evening star at the close of the year.

MORNING STARS.

MERCURY, see "Planets Brightest." VENUS, from February 16 to November 30.

MARS, until June 27.

JUPITER, from June 4 to September 1.
SATURN, until January 19, and after
October 21.

EVENING STARS.

MERCURY, see "Planets Brightest." VENUS, until February 16 and after November 30.

MARS, after June 27.

JUPITER, until June 4, and after September 1.

SATURN, from January 19 to October 21.

NOTE.-Uranus is only barely visible to the naked eye when brightest and in the absence of the moon, and the outermost member of our solar system. Neptune can only be seen with the largest telescopes, and under the favorable circumstances just mentione. Hence both are omitted here. (See "Planets Brightest.") EPHEMERIS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, 1894. (For the Northern and Southern States.)

Rises Rises

Sets Sets

Riss Rises

Mo. Mo. Mo. Eve. Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo.

Sets Sets Eve. Eve. Eve 13:05 9:19 8:38 9:08] 4:21 3:52 8:31 3:37 3:18 6:49 1:14 1:03 11 2:48 8:15 8:29 8:58 4:15 3:45 7:51 2:57 2:38 6:12 0:37 0:24 21 2:19 7:57 8:09 8:47 4:10 3:36 7:12 2:18 1:59] 5:33( Eve.] Eve. 11:30 7:16 7:24 8:36 4:03 3:28 6:30 1:37 1:27 4:51 11:12 10:59 11 0:32 6:19 6:27 8:27 3:55 3:20 5:54 1:02 0:41 4:11 10:32 10:19 21 Mo. Ris. Ris. 8:18] 3:48] 3:12 5:19 0:27 0:06 3:36) 9:52 9:39 1 10:45 Mo. Mo. 8:11 3:39] 3:04 4:52 Eve. Eve. 2:58 9:18 9:05 11 10:04 4:34 4:19 8:02 3:28 2:54 4:19 11:26 11:04] 2:17 8:36 8:25 21 9:38 4:10 3:57 7:53 3:14 2:42 3:46 10:53 10:33 1:36 7:54 7:43 19:21 3:52 3:39 7:42 2:58 2:27 3:11 10:22 9:59 0:50 7:07 6:57 11 9:12 3:39 3:26 7:32 2:41 2:13 2:40 9:53 9:29 0:07 6:24 6:14 21 9:07 3:26 3:17 7:22 2:24 1:59 2:09 9:23 8:59 Eve.] Sets] Sets 19:05 3:14 3:08 7:10 2:04 1:43 1:39 8:55 8:30 11:39 Mo. Mo. 11 9:04 3:00 2:58 6:58 1:44 1:25 1:09 8:26 8:00 9:57 3:44] 3:53 21 9:05 2:51 2:53 6:46 1:24 1:07 0:40 7:59 7:33 9:16 3:03 3:11 19:07 2:32 2:46 6:31 0:59 0:46 0:07 Ris. Ris. 8:31 2:18) 2:26 11 9:11 2:28 2:43 6:17 0:36 0:27 Mo. Mo. Mo. 7:51 1:39 1:47 21 9:16 2:20 2:38 6:02 0:13 Eve. 11:08 3:44 4:13 7:11 0:59 1:07 19:23 2:14 2:37 5:44 Eve. 11:44 10:39 3:15 3:44 6:32 0:19 0:27 11 9:33 2:16 2:41 5:27 11:21 11:21 10:09 2:44 3:14 5:55 Eve. Eve. 21 9:44 2:22 2:49] 5:08|10:55|10:58 9:39 2:13 2:42 5:17 10:59 11:09 19:57 2:33 3:02 4:48 10:26 10:31 9:06 1:40 2:09 4:36|10:17 10:26 11 10:09 2:49 3:15 4:23 10:00 10:06] 8:34] 1:08 1:37 3:59] 9:39] 9:49 21 10:21 3:09 3:33 4:00 9:30 9:38 8:03 0:37 1:06 3:23 9:02 9:12 110:33 3:33 3:51 3:28 8:50 9:02 7:27 Eve.]Eve.| 2:43 8:20 8:31 11 10:42 3:56 4:10 2:54 8:16 8:26 6:54 11:24 11:57 2:08] 7:44 7:55 21 10:49 4:19 4:28 2:14 7:36 7:46 6:19 10:50 11:19 1:32 7:07 7:19 110:56 4:42 4:45 1:29 6:56 7:69 5:44 10:14 10:43 0:57 6:30 6:43 11 11:03 5:06] 5:04 0:39 6:03 6:11 5:07 9:37 10:06 0:23 5:54 6:07 21 11:09 5:30 5:20 Eve.] Sets Sets 4:29 8:59 9:28 Mo. Ris. Ris. 111:17 5:46 5:39 10:45 Mo. Mo. 3:45 8:15 8:44 11:09 Mo. Mo. 11 11:27 6:22 6:04] 9:57 4:29 4:21 3:04 7:34 8:03 10:35 5:08 4:54 21 11:38 Sets. [Sets. 9:15 3:47 3:39 2:29 6:51 7:20:10:00 4:35 4:20 111:51 Eve. (Eve. 8:38 3:11 3:03 1:35 6:08 6:37 9:25 4:01 3:45 11 E.:05 4.37] 5:12 8:05 2:46 2:46 0:54 5:23 5:52 8:49 3:26 3:10 21 0:21 4:51] 5:27 7:36] 2:16 2:05 0:08 4:38 5:07 8:13 2:52 2:35

TIMES OF UPPER MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF POLARIS, 1894.

(Computed by S. Hart Wright, Ph. D., Penn Yan, N. Y.)

9.

8:31:15 8:27:20 6:29:52 2:27:011 8:23:25) 6:25:57 4:24:34) 2:23:06 8:19:31 6:22:02 4:20:39 2:19:10 8:15:36 6:18:07 4:16:44 2:15:15 8:11:40 6:14:12 4:12:49 8:07:45) 6:10:17 4:08:54 8:03:50] 6:06:23 4:04:59)

2:03:29

8:01:38

AZIMUTH TABLE OF POLARIS, 1894.

(Computed by S. Hart Wright, Ph. D., Penn Yan, N. Y.)

The azimuths in the annexed table, applied properly to the magnetic bearing of Polaris at the time of its greatest elongation east or west, will give the true variation of the magnetic needle from a true north direction, and will be of great use to all surveyors and engineers. When the elongation is east the azimuth will be east, and vice versa. At the present time, the line of "No Variation" of the needle runs southeasterly from near Toledo, Ohio, to a point on the Atlantic coast about 50 miles southwest of Cape Fear, N. C. East of that line the north enl of the needle points west of a true north, and west of that line east of a true north. The country may therefore be divided into eastern and western magnetic regions. In the "Eastern Region" the bearing of Polaris at its western elongation, if eastward added to the azimuth, gives the Cesired variation west; but if westward, the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation west. The bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation will be eastward, and the azimuth subtracte gives the variation west. In the "Western Region" the bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation, if westward, added to the azimuth, gives the variation east. but if eastward the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation east. The bearing of Polaris at its western elongation will be westward, and diminished by the azimuth gives the variation east. The azimuths in the table, given for two-degree zones, are practically sufficient for all the United States except Alaska. For intermediate latitudes, or dates, the azimuths may be found by proportion sufficiently correct, or exactly by the formula, log-sine azimuth-log-sine Polar distance of Polaris-log-cosine latitude. The surveyor or engineer is on the line of "No Variation" when the bearing of Polaris at greatest elongation is the same as the azimuth.

December.. 111 14 47

28

12

8

15

36

11

3

13

43

December.. 211 14 45
December.. 311 14 441 25 271 27 111 29 71 31 141 33 35 1 36 10 1 39 21 42 11 1 45 42

THE SEASONS. 75TH MERIDIAN TIME.

Winter begins, 1893, December 22, 8:53 a. m., and lasts 89 days, 1 hour, 6 minutes.

Spring begins, 1894, March 20, 9:59 a. m., and lasts 92 days, 20 hours, 5 minutes. Summer begins, 1894, June 21, 6:04 a. m., and lasts 93 days, 14 hours, 24 minutes. Autumn begins, 1894, September 22, 8:28 p. m., and lasts 89 days, 18 hours, 41

minutes.

Winter begins, 1804, December 21, 3:09 p. 1. Trop'l year, 365 days, 6 hours, 16 minutes.

TO FIND THE TIME OF GREATEST ELONGATION OF POLARIS. By adding the numbers in the annexed table for any given latitude to the time of meridian passage of Polaris (the Pole Star), given in another table, the time of its great western elongation is found. If the same number be subtracted instead of added, we get the time of greatest eastern elongation. At the time of either elongation the magnetic Constant bearing may be taken with for the using that compass, Elonga elongation which occurs at tion. night. The eastern elongations occur at night from H. M. 8. April 1 to October 11, and 5:54:48 the western elongations oc5:54:44 cur at night all the rest of 5:54:39 the year. Correct local time 5:54:35 is to be used, and bearings 5:54:30 taken on the star promptly time; but an error on 5:54:20 half a minute or even a 5:54:10 minute in the timepiece 5:54:10 will not invalidate the 5:54:05 bearing, as Polaris then 5:54:00 Imoves nearly vertically.

40

30

41 30
42 00
42 30

5:54:25

Lati. tude North,

Constant
for
Elonga-
tion.

Lati. tude North.

Constant
for
Elonga.
tion.

Lati. tude North.

о

II. M. 8.

о

H. M. 8.

29 00

5:56:14

41 00

43 00
44 00
44 00

44 30

of

..6607

223

11

Explanatory Note.-The Dominical Letter indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday occurs; G is the 7th letter, and the 7th of January will be Sunday. The Golden Number is the number in a cycle of 19 years, which shows how many years have passed since New Moon fell on January 1. This and (1) are chiefly used in fixing the Cate of Easter. No. (4) indicates the number of years that have elapsed since the current cycle of 28 years began. The first cycle began with the year 10 and is used to find (1.) Roman Indiction is a cycle of 15 years, and is of no utility except to chronologers. Julian Period is a cycle of 7980 years, and is the product of (3), (4) and (5), and when completed (3), (4) and (5) will coincide or begin at_the same time. Dionysian Period is a cycle of 532 years, and is called the Great PasThis ani (6) are chal Cycle, being the product of the Solar and Lunar Cycles. chiefly used in chronology. The Jewish Lunar Cycle is always three less that (3); used only by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals.

4 Rabia II. begins..
5 Jomhadi I. begins.
6 Jomhadi II. begins.
7 Rejeb begins.....
Note.-The Mohammedan era began July
18, new style, or July 15, old style, on
Thursday in the year 622 A. D. The year
is lunar, containing 12 moons, and 354 or
355 days, and hence slides backward
through the twelve Gregorian months in
thirty-three years. The year 1311 began
July 15, 1893, and ends July 4, 1894. The
year 1312 begins July 5, 1894, and ends
June 23, 1895.