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FOR 1895.

ECLIPSES, 1895.

(Astronomical calculations, tables, etc., made expressly for THE TRIBUNE ALMANAC by Berlin H. Wright, Penn Yan, N. Y.)

There will be five eclipses this year-two of the moon and three of the sun.

I. A total eclipse of the moon March 10, visible in North and South America, Europe and Western Asia. (See table below.) On March 22, 1913, this eclipse returns again, and will be seen on the west coast of America and in Asia.

II. A partial eclipse of the sun March 26, of 44 digits, not visible in the United States; visible in Arctic America and N. E. of Hudson's Bay, Greenland, England, and the Northern Pacific Ocean. This eclipse returns again April 6, 1913, and will then be

seen in British America and Alaska. III. A partial eclipse of the sun August 20, of 3 1-5 digits, invisible in South America; visible in N. W. Asia and N. E. Europe. It returns again August 31, 1913, but smaller, and will be seen in Greenland and the eastern part of British AmerNorth or

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IV. A total eclipse of the moon September 3 and 4, visible in North and South America, Western Europe and Africa. (See table below.) This eclipse returns again September 15, 1913, and will be seen on the western coast of America (the moon setting while eclipsed), also in Asia.

V. A partial eclipse of the sun September 18, of nearly 9 digits; visible in the South Pacific Ocean and Northern Australia. larger, and will be seen in the South Pacific Ocean and in New-Zealand. It returns again September 29, 1913,

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March 11. September 4.

to the time

TO FIND THE TIME OF GREATEST ELONGATION OF POLARIS. By adding the numbers in the annexed table for any given latitude of meridian passage of Polaris (the Pole Star), given in another table, the time of its greatest western elongation is found. If the same number be subtracted instead of added, we get the time of greatest eastern elongation. At the time of

29 30

elongation either the Constant bearing may be taken with magnetic for the compass, Elonga- elongation which occurs at using that tion. night. The eastern elongations occur at night from H. M. S. April 1 to October 11, and the western elongations occur at night all the rest of the year. Correct local time is to be used, and bearings taken on the star promptly on time; but an error of minute or even minute in

Lati

tude North,

Constant
for

Elonga

Lati. tude North.

tion.

Constant for Elonga. tion.

Latitude North.

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5:55:26

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30 30

5:56:03

36 00

5:55:22

41 30

31 00

5:56:00

36 30

5:55:18

42 00

31 30

5:55:56

37 00

5:55:14

42 30

32 00

5:55:53

37 30

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43 00

33 30

5:55:46

38 00

5:55:02

44 30

33 00

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34 00

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the timepiece invalidate the

bearing, as Polaris

moves nearly vertically.

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.March 6, 8, 9.
.June 5, 7, 8.

.September 18, 20, 21.
.December 18, 20, 21.

SATURN.

THE RISING, SETTING AND MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF VENUS, MARS, JUPITER AND SATURN.

Month.

Day

VENUS.

MARS.

JUPITER.

New

January

Sets Sets

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Rises Rises

Eve. Eve. Eve. Eve. Mo. Mo. Eve. Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo.

H. M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. | H.M. 10:37 5:11 5:40 7:07

1

January.

11

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H.M. | H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. 6:43 6:15 7:33 2:11 2:00 0:52 5:35 6:06 6:44 1:38 1:21 10:29 6:00 5:30 6:56 1:36 1:23 21 1:04 5:59 6:31 6:22 1:20 1:01 9:45 5:16 4:46 6:19 0:59 0:46 1:15 6:29 6:43 6:00 1:05 0:44 8:58 4:29 3:59 5:37 Eve. Eve. 11 1:23 6:51 7:01 5:42 0:53 0:30 8:17 3:48 3:18 4:58|11:34 11:21 21 1:30 7:16 7:21 5:25 0:42 0:17 7:37 3:09 2:38 4:19 10:55 10:42 11:34 7:34 7:34 5:12 0:33 0:07 7:06 2:38 3:47 10:23 10:10 11 1:40 7:58 7:52 4:57 0:22 Eve. 6:29 2:01 1:30 3:06 9:42 9:29 21 1:46 8:21 8:10 4:42 0:13 11:41 5:53 1:25 0:55 2:25 9:00 8:47 11:53 8:47 8:29 4:27 Eve. 11:28 5:15 0:46 0:16 1:39 8:13 8:01 11 2:02 9:11 8:48 4:13 11:46 11:15 4:41 Eve. Eve. 0:57 7:30 7:18 21 2:12 9:36 9:07 4:00 11:34 11:02] 4:08 11:37 11:05 Eve. 6:47, 6:35 12:24 9:58 9:25 3:47 11:20 10:49 3:36|11:05 10:33 11:29 Sets. Sets. 11 3:34 11:04 10:34 3:05 10:34 10:02 10:47 Mo. Mo. 3:21 10:50 10:20] 2:34 10:02 9:31 10:05 3:35 3:47 3:07 10:31 10:02 2:01 9:27 8:58 9:19 2:50 3:01 2:53 10:11 9:45 1:31 8:57 8:28 8:38 2:10 2:20 8:27 7:57 7:58 1:31 1:41 7:56 7:26 7:18 0:51 1:01

7:24

6:55

6:39 Eve. Eve.

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2:36 10:13 9:40 21 2:48 10:24 9:51 12:59 10:28 9:58 11 3:07 10:26|10:00] 21 3:11 10:17 9:55 2:39 9:52 9:27 1:01 13:12 10:03 9:46 2:25 9:30 9:09 0:31 11 3:09 9:47 9:33 2:10 9:08 8:49 Mo. 21 3:02 9:23 9:16 1:55 8:46 8:30 11:32 Ris. 12:49 8:53 8:52 1:38 8:12 8:06 10:59 Mo. 11 2:31 8:21 8:25 1:23 7:55 7:44 10:29 3:10 3:37 4:41 10:06 10:19 21 2:03 7:42 7:49 1:07 7:31 7:22 9:58 2:41 3:07 4:04 9:28) 9:41 1 1:20 6:52 7:01 0:49 7:03 6:58 9:24 2:09 2:34 3:24 8:47 9:00 11 Mo. Ris. Ris. 0:33 6:38 6:36 8:53 1:39 2:04 2:48 8:10 8:23 21 11:26 Mo. Mo. 0:18 6:14 6:15 8:21 1:09 1:33 2:13 7:33 7:47 1 10:30 4:39 4:35 Mo. Ris. Ris. 7:48 0:37 1:02 1:38 6:58 7:11 11 9:48 3:48 3:47 11:47 Mo. 7:15 Eve. Eve. 1:03] 6:21 6:35 21 9:21 3:17 3:18 11:32 6:40 11:28 11:51 Mo. Ris. Ris. 19:02 3:00 3:00 11:17 6:01 10:50 11:13 11:50 Mo. Mo. 11 8:52 2:55 2:54 11:04 5:52 5:36 5:24 10:13 10:36 11:15 6:01 5:46 21 8:47 2:59 2:55 10:52 5:46 5:28 4:46 9:35 9:58 10:40 5:28 5:12 18:46 3:10 3:02 10:40 5:46 5:23 4:07 8:56 9:19 10:05) 4:54] 4:38 [11 8:47 3:22 3:10 10:29 5:42 5:17 3:26 8:15 8:38 9:30 4:20] 4:04 21 8:50 3:38 3:16 10:19 5:37 5:12 2:44 7:32 7:55 8:55] 3:46 3:30 31 8:56 3:55 3:36 10:10] 5:31 5:08] 2:01 6:48 7:11 8:19] 3:10 2:53

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FIXED AND MOVABLE FESTIVALS AND CYCLES.

Septuagesima Sunday.

Sexagesima Sunday

Quinquagesima Sunday.
Shrove Tuesday..

Ash Wednesday..

Quadragesima Sunday

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Mid-Lent Sunday.

Palm Sunday..

Good Friday

Easter Sunday.

Low Sunday.

Rogation Sunday

Ascension Day..

Whit Sunday.

May 23 ...June 2

Dionysian Period

Jewish Lunar Cycle.

12

Explanatory Note.-The Dominical Letter indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday occurs; F is the 6th letter, and the 6th of January will be Sunday. The Golden Number is the number in a cycle of 19 years, which shows how many years have passed since New Moon fell on January 1. This and (1) are chiefly used in fixing the Cate of Easter. No. (4) indicates the number of years that have elapsed since the current cycle of 28 years began. The first cycle began with the year 10 and is used to find (1.) Roman Indiction is a cycle of 15 years, and is of no utility except to chronologers. Julian Period is a cycle of 7980 years, and is the product of (3), (4) and (5), and when completed (3), (4) and (5) will coincide or begin at the

same time. Dionysian Period is a cycle of 532 years, and is called the Great Paschal Cycle, being the product of the Solar and Lunar Cycles. This and (6) are chiefly used in chronology. The Jewish Lunar Cycle is always three less than (3); used only by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals.

PLANETS BRIGHTEST OR BEST SEEN.

MERCURY, February 5 and October 8, in the West soon after sunset; also March 17, in the east before sunrise.

VENUS, August 14, in the west after sunset, and October 26 in the east before sunrise.

MARS and JUPITER not this year. Jupiter at the beginning and end of the year will be nearly at its brightest aspect.

SATURN, April 24; URANUS, May 8; NEPTUNE in December.

Mercury will be theoretically brightest at several other times in the year, but then having a low altitude may not be seen.

A GRAPHIC EXHIBIT OF THE DURATION OF EVENING
MORNING STARS, ADAPTED TO THE EQUATOR AND

APPROXIMATELY ESTIMATED.

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AND

The vertical line under the sign of each planet is a 6 o'clock line for evening stars, and a midnight line for morning stars. From the diagram it appears that Venus will be seen in the evening until September 18; will be morning star after September 18. Mars will be both morning and evening star until February 5, and then evening star only until October 10, when it becomes morning star. Jupiter is both morning and evening star until March 17, and then evening star only until July 10, then morning star the rest of the year, and also evening star after October 31. Saturn will be morning star only until January 26, and then both morning and evening star until July 23; then evening star only to November 2, when it became morning star, and on the 24th of April it becomes an all-night star, from 6 p. m. to 6

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SIDEREAL NOON OR MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX FOR 1895.

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1:54:14 0:04:09 10:02:16 1:50:18 0:00:13 3:48:16 1:46:22 Morn. 9:54:24 3:44:201 1:42:27 11:52:21] 9:50:28 7:52:31 3:40:24 1:38:31 11:48:25 9:46:32 3:36:28] 1:34:35 11:44:29

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2:41:54 0:40:00 10:38:07 2:37:58 0:36:05 10:34:11

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1:39:00] 11:33:10

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1:31:07 11:25:18) 9:27:21 7:25:28
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5:19:38

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THE SEASONS, WASHINGTON TIME.

Winter begins 1894, December 21, 3 hours 1 minute evening.
Spring begins 1895, March 20, 3 hours 41 minutes, evening.
Summer begins 1895, June 21, 11 hours 36 minutes, morning.

Autumn begins 1895, September 23, 2 hours 3 minutes, morning. Winter begins, 1895, December 21, 8 hours 31 minutes, evening.

To ascertain when any Star or constellation found in the following Table will be on the upper merid lan, add the numbers opposite in the left-hand column of figures to the time of " Sidereal Noon" found in these pages. For the RISING of a Star, subtract the number opposite in the right-hand column of figures from its meridian passage. For the setting of a star, add the same number to its meridian passage. Those marked (....) revolve in a circle of perpetual apparition, and do not rise or set north of the latitude of New York (40° 42′ 40''), for which latitude the semidiurnal arcs are calculated. The civil day begins at midnight, and consequently 24 hours after midnight, or 12 hours from noon, is morning of the succeeding day; and more than 24 hours from noon, is evening of the next day. This table is arranged in the order of culmination. Stars having an asterisk (*) in the last column are seen only in Florida and Texas, when passing the meridian. Computed by S. Hart Wright, Ph.D., Penn Yan, N. Y.

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Y Ceti

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。 Ceti (Mira)

a Ceti (Menkar).

B Persei (Algol)

a Persei (Algenib)..

Tauri (The Seven Stars)

a Tauri (Aldebaran)..

a Auriga (Capella)

8 Orionis (Rigel),
y Orionis (Bellatrix).
B Tauri (El Nath)
& Orionis (Mintaka)
e Orionis (Anilam)
a Columbæ (Phat)..
* Orionis (Saiph)...
a Orionis (Betelguese)
8 Auriga (Menkalina).
Geminorum
Canis Majoris.

B Canis Majoris (Mirzam)

a Argus (Canopus)
y Geminorum (Alhena).
Geminorum (Mebusta).
a Canis Majoris (Sirius)
e Canis Majoris (Adhara).
& Geminorum (Wasat).
Canis Majoris (Aludra).
a Geminorum (Castor).
a Canis Minoris (Procyon).
B Geminorum (Pollux).
y Argus..
Argus.
Argus (Naos)..
Argus

a

...

Hydra (Alphard).

• Leonis

a Leonis (Regulus).

10 8 Ursa Minoris (Kochab)

3 41 7 29 a Coron

4 29 6 58 a Serpentis (Unuk)........

5 810

148 Scorpii.

5 95 31 81 Scorpii..

5 18 6 21 a Scorpii (Antares)

5 19 7 52 8 Herculis (Rutilicus).

5 26 5 59 a Herculis

5 80 5 56 A Scorpii (Lesuth).

5 35 8 37 y Aræ....

5 42 5 26 a Aræ..

5 49 6 26 8 Draconis (Rastoban)..

5 51 9 53

Scorpii

21 a Ophiuchi (Ras Alhague).

1y Draconis (Etanin)

55 μ Sagittarii..

6 87

6 15 4

6 17 4

6 31 6

59 a Lyre (Vega)...

6 377

6 21 * e Sagittarii.

36 B Lyræ...

6 40 5 1

Sagittarii

6 54 4 7a Aquila (Altair)..

7 13 7 22 a2 Capricorni (Giedi).
7 19 4 5 a Pavonis

7 27 8 11

a Cygni (Deneb).

a Cephei (Alderamin).

7 33 6 19

7 38 7 50

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8 51 31
8 19
7 59 2 58
9 13 *
9 21 5 31

Pegasi (Enif).

a Aquarii
a Gruis

Pegasi..

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10 39

22 48 4 0

22 56 6 52 23 31

EXAMPLE.-The Seven Stars will be on the meridian for Jan. 1, 1895, at 8 h. 56 m. evening, and will set at 4h. 25 m. in the morning of Jan. 3d, and would rise on the 1st at 1 h. 27 m. in the afternoon, and would not of course be seen then.

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