WEATHER SIGNALS BY FLAG AND WHISTLE. FLAGS-Flag signals, communicating the forecasts telegraphed at 10 a. m. and 10 p. m. from the Government Weather Bureau in Washington, are now displayed at nearly 2,000 points in the U. S. The flags employed are represented herewith: All but one of these flags are 6 feet square; No. 4 is 6 feet long and 4 feet wide at the base. Sometimes they are displayed singly, and sometimes two are used together. No. 1, white flag, indicates clear or fair weather. No. 2, blue flag, indicates rain or snow. No. 3, white and blue flag (parallel bars of white and blue), indicates that local rains or showers will occur, and 4, black triangular flag, always refers to temperature; when placed above Nos. 1, 2 or 3 it indicates warmer weather; when placed below Nos. 1, 2 or 3 it indicates colder weather; when not displayed, the indications are that the temperature will remain stationary, or that the change in temperature will not vary more than four degrees from the temperature of the same hour of the preceding day from March to October, inclusive, and not more than six degrees for the remaining months of the year. No. 5, white flag, with black square in centre, indicates the approach of a sudden and decided fall in temperature, and is usually ordered at least twenty-four hours in advance of the cold wave. When No. 5 is displayed No. 4 is always omitted. The "Inland Storm Signal" (red flag with black centre) is used in the States of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota (except at lake stations), Iowa, Nebraska and Wyoming, to indicate the approach of high winds accompanied by snow, with temperature below freezing. When displayed on poles the signals should be arranged to read downward; when displayed from horizontal supports a small streamer should be attached to indicate the point from which the signals are to be read. These flags are to be obtained from dealers, whose addresses can be procured at almost any weather station. They cost $2 apiece. The necessary information is sent daily by telegraph, without charge, from the weather station to a single person in a town or village who will employ the signals. Other applicants will be furnished at their own expense. Many business men find it a good advertisement to buy one of these flag outfits and provide their community with daily forecasts. The Chief of the U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C., or the Chief of any of the State Weather Services may be consulted on the subject by letter. Tin or sheet-iron signal flags, painted to correspond with the foregoing schedule, have also been employed for weather forecasts. These latter are displayed from the baggage cars of railway trains, the baggagemaster being guided by telegraphic infor mation. Whistle Signals.-The warning signal is a long blast of from 15 to 20 seconds' duration; after this has been sounded long blasts (from 4 to 6 seconds' duration) refer to weather, and short blasts (from 1 to 3 seconds' duration) refer to temperature, those for weather to be sounded first. For instance: One long blast indicates fair weather; two long. rain or snow; three long, local rains; one short, lower temperature; two short, higher temperature; three short. cold wave; one long and one short, fair weather, lower temperature; two long and two short, rain or snow, higher temperature; one long and three short, fair weather, cold wave; three long and two short, local rains, higher temperature. Indiana-Indianapolis or La- Nebraska-Lincoln. Nevada-Carson City. New-Jersey-N'w-Brunswick North Carolina-Raleigh, Oregon-Portland. Pennsylvania-Philadelphia. Tennessee-Nashville. West Virginia-Parkersburg. Wisconsin-Milwaukee. RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE IN THE UNITED STATES. Alabama, Montgomery. 54.5 61.3 100 a 2 13.1 50.9 107 a28 39.1 52.8 102 a22 43.2 52.7 101 a25 |35.0 49.0|104|a30 38.4 53.5 107 a29 46.9 57.1 105 a20 Louisiana, New-Orleans.. 61.8 69.2 97 b15 Kansas, Leavenworth. Kentucky, Louisville. Nevada, Winnemucca...| 8.9 48.6,104|a28 N'w-H'mps're, M'nchest'r 42.1 45.9 96 all 40.4 52.3 103 a20 30.8 60.5 107 a 9 48.3 53.1 102 a 2 North Carolina, Raleigh..|52.2 59.3 103 b 8 51.1 59.4 104a10 30.6 68.6104 b 6 18.9 51.6102 a20 32.9 45.3 97a25 44.5 57.3 102 a 5 51.4 50.2 97 a 2. 44.6 55.0 104 a14 W. Virginia, Parkersburg 42.1 53.9 97 b 4 b Temperature above zero. THE TRIBUNE FRESH-AIR FUND. Organized in 1877, its object being to send children of the New-York poor into the country for a summer vacation of two weeks. Hospitable country people receive them, not as boarders, but give them food and lodging and freedom of the country grounds. 271,921 children have had the benefits of this fund, at an average cost of $2 63. The fund is dependent upon voluntary contributions. The following table shows a continued and steady growth of the work from the beginning. HAWAII. No The ceremony of officially declaring the Republic of Hawail, the inauguration of Sanford Ballard Dole as President, and the appointment of the Cabinet on July 4, 1894, was essentially a civil one. attempt at display was made, everything passed off quietly and according to the programme arranged. The following were the officers of the new Government: President, Sanford B. Dole; Minister of Foreign Affairs, F. M. Hatch; Minister of the Interior, J. A. King; Minister of Finance, S. M. Danon; Attorney-General, W. O. Smith. Executive Council: Vice-President, W. C. Wilder; Cecil Brown, John Nott, John Ena, James F. Morgan, Edward Suhr, J. P. Mendonca, John Emmeluth, E. D. Tanney, C. Bolte, W. F. Allen, Henry Waterhouse, A. Young, D. B. Smith. Supreme Court: Chief Justice, A. F. Judd; R. F. Bickerton, First Associate Justice; W. E. Friar, Second Associate Justice. Circuit Judges-First Circuit, Oahu, H. E. Cooper, W. A. Whiting; Second Circuit, Mani, A. N. Kepoikai; Third and Fourth Circuits, Hawaii, S. L. Austin; Fifth Circuit, Kauai, J. Hardy. The draft of the Constitution adopted by the Convention is, in substance, as follows: Name of Government, "Republic of Hawaii." Administration-President, Cabinet of four Ministers, Advisory Council of fifteen, Senate and House of Representatives (sitting separately) of fifteen members each. Electors of Senators must possess property valued at $4,000, or a yearly income of $600. All voters must be born or naturalized citizens, and must be able to read, write and speak the English or Hawaiian language with fluency. An alien who wishes to qualify for naturalization must come from a country with which Hawaii has a treaty concerning naturalization. He must be able to read and write English fluently; must possess property valued at $200, and must renounce all foreign allegiance. special exception is, however, made in the case of all aliens who aided and supported the Provisional Government. They may receive denization or naturaliza FRENCH A tion and be free to vote without the above qualifications. All voters must adjure monarchy. The President is to be elected for a term of six years, and cannot succeed himself. He is to be chosen by a majority of both Houses, sitting together, but the majority must also include a majority of the Senate. He is to have the usual powers of the Chief Magistrate. President Dole, named in the Constitution, is to continue in office until December 31, 1900. The Advisory Council is appointed-five members by each House of Congress and five by the President. The Council is to act in cases of pardons, the appropriation of money, and in great emergencies. In case of a Presidential vacancy or suspension, the office is to be filled by a member of the Cabinet until a new President can be elected. If one House adjourns without the consent of the other, the latter goes on alone with complete legislative power. No session can exceed sixty working days without the consent of the President, The President may veto any specification of the Appropriation bill. The President and Senate have power to conclude a treaty of commercial and political union with the United States. A special Board of Registration shall act on each island. The qualifications of voters are to be rigidly scrutinized. The Legislature may provide bylaws for the supervision, registration, control and identification of all persons, and any class or nationality of persons, and may also restrict and limit the term of residence and business or employment of all persons coming into the Republic. This meets the case of Asiatic immigrants. Freedom of speech and press does not permit advocacy of the restoration of the monarchy. No alien entering the Republic is entitled to a writ of habeas corpus as of right. All treaties are ratified and confirmed. The Legislature is to meet biennially. The provisions for naturalization tend to exclude all Asiatics from voting. All existing laws and rights are confirmed, and lotteries are prohibited. MARRIAGE On April 21, 1894, President Carnot signed a decree forbidding French diplomats, consuls, consular agents, etc.. to marry without the consent of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. If an Ambassador, Minister, consul or other French official desires to marry a foreigner, permission must be obtained from the Foreign Minister one month before the first publication of the bans. It was declared that RESTRICTIONS. it any infraction of this decree would be punished by the dismissal or recall of the offender. The decree was provoked, was said, by the marriage of M. Jules Patenotre and Count Daunay to American women. This report was subsequently denied as being aimed at Americans, but against the marriage of French representatives to women of certain other nationalities. VENEZUELA'S DECREE ON TOURISTS. Congress voted a law in 1894 decreeing that any person landing in Venezuela shall be inscribed in a special register. After the name, profession, and other information required from the newly arrived person has been recorded, a per mit of sojourn will be issued to him. The enactment of such law is in order to prevent the immigration and residence in Venezuela of the "detritus," or scum of other nations so long as there are no extradition treaties covering such cases. aWithout Iceland, Nova Zembla, Atlantic Islands, etc. bWithout Arctic Islands. cWithout Madagascar, etc. dWithout Arctic Regions. eThe Continent and Tasmani THE EARTH. The area of the earth is 197,500,425 square miles, of which 145,000,000 are of water and 52,500,425 land; its circumference at the equator is 24,896.8214 statute miles. The diameter of the earth at the poles is 7,898.8809 statute miles, and at the equator 7,924.9111 statute miles. Of the principal land divisions, North America occupies 8.155,438 square miles; South America, 7,410,042 square miles; Europe, 3,807,115 square miles; Asia, 16,428,854 square miles; Africa, 11,000,000 square miles; Oceanica, 5,198,451 square miles. The highest mountains in the world are, respectively, Mount Hercules (Island of Papua), 32,786 feet; Mt. Everest (India), 29,002 feet: Mt. Illamper (Bolivia), 24,800 feet; Mt. Urangle (Alaska), 20,400 feet; Mt. Kilimandjaro, 20,065 feet; Mt. Elbrooz (Russia), 18,526 feet. The largest lakes are Lake Superior, covering an area of 32,000 square miles, and Lake Michigan, covering 25,600 square miles. |