could not say No! to his fellow-man. Owing to the noble generosity of his character and his confiding nature, evinced by him on all occasions, as much as the boldness of his operations, the days of trouble came upon him; and never did adversity cast its shadow on the path of a better man.

In the autumn of 1810, Mr. Archer visited England, for the purpose of purchasing British and other goods; and his credit in London, Manchester, and other parts of Europe, was unlimited.

Samuel Archer held a prominent place among the enterprising merchants of our city for near half a century, and the writer never knew a man who united so many, and in so high a degree, the beauties of the true Christian character. When basking in the sunshine of great riches and prosperity, he possessed much simplicity of manners, and an utter absence of all display. He was emphatically an honor to his profession, and to the human race. Charity, benevolence, and uprightness, seemed to be the natural qualities of his character exhibited through life. He possessed a large stock of sterling good common sense, but was too honest for the tricks of modern commercial life and duplicity. Mr. Archer was the first merchant to introduce the trade of shipping to China American manufactured cotton goods, soon after the war of 1812 with Great Britain.

Mr. Archer did not belong to the Society of Friends, as a member, which an incident that occurred on board ship at sea, on a voyage across the Atlantic, will show. The sailing master of the British frigate La Guerriere, after boarding the ship Hercules, of New York, on the passage from Liverpool to New York, in 1811, accosted Mr. Archer, and taking hold of the collar of his coat, asked him if he was not a Philadelphia Quaker? to which he replied, "No, I am not, but incline towards that persuasion of religion, and give it the preference; but if thee lays thy hand upon me again, I will throw off the Quaker, and perhaps throw thee overboard!" The officer was satisfied, and retired.

Samuel Archer died in the year 1839, in the sixty-eighth year of his age.

RICHARD BACHE.

RICHARD BACHE, Postmaster-General of the United States, was appointed in the place of Dr. Franklin in November, 1776, and was succeeded by Mr. Hazard in 1782. A native of England, he came in early life to this country, and was, at the beginning of the Revolution, chairman of the republican society in Philadelphia. He married Sarah, the only daughter of Dr. Franklin, who died in October, 1808; he died at Settle, in the county of Berks, Pennsylvania, July 29th, 1811, aged 74 years.

SARAH BACHE.

MRS. SARAH BACHE, the only daughter of Benjamin Franklin, was born in Philadelphia, in September, 1744, and in 1767 was married to Richard Bache, a merchant of that city. She is worthy of being remembered for her patriotic services in the time of the American Revolution, as well as for her good sense and domestic virtues. The winter of 1780 was a most trying one for the American army. Many of the soldiers were barefoot and only half clad. The ladies undertook to supply them with clothing. Robert Morris and other rich patriots contributed money, and the ladies purchased the necessary materials, and made the garments with their own hands. Mrs. Bache was one of the most zealous in this good work. The Marchioness de Lafayette contributed one hundred guineas, and the Countess de Luzerne gave six thousand dollars in Continental money. Those who had no money were active in the employment of the needle. It was charity of the noblest kind, and originated in the purest motives. During these beneficent services the Marquis de Chastelleux visited Philadelphia, and described his acquaintance with Mrs. Bache in the following glowing style: "If there are ladies in Europe," says he, "who need a model of attach

ment to domestic duties and love to their country, Mrs. Bache may be pointed out to them as such. Simple in her manners, like her respectable father, she possesses his benevolence. She conducted us into a room filled with work, lately finished by the ladies of Philadelphia. The ladies bought the linen and made it into shirts for the soldiers of Pennsylvania. On each shirt was the name of the married or unmarried lady who made it, and they amounted to twenty-two hundred." Thus were the hearts of the suffering army made glad, and many a one no doubt saved from an untimely and agonizing death. On several other occasions, her active benevolence was called into exercise. She performed hospital duties, dressing the wounds of the soldiers, and administering to them. medicines, cordials, and such other things as were calculated to mitigate their sufferings. Thus did she manifest her love for her country. Thus did she become an angel of mercy. Mrs. Bache died in 1808, at the age of 64 years.

SAMUEL BARD, M.D.

DR. SAMUEL BARD, the son of John Bard, a learned physician, was born in Philadelphia April 1, 1742, and died May 24, 1821, aged 70 years. When a boy, in order to screen a servant who had broken his father's cane, he falsely took the blame to himself. His father praised his generosity, but severely punished his falsehood, thus giving him a lesson on the value of truth, which he was careful to transmit to his children. From his mother he received early impressions in favor of religion. Residing one summer, on account of ill health, in the family of Lieutenant-Governor Colden, his father's friend, he acquired a taste for botany under the teachings of Miss Colden. His skill in painting enabled him to perpetuate the beauty of plants. While a student at Columbia College, he formed the habit of early rising-at daylight in summer, and an hour previous to it in winter-which he continued through life. In September, 1761, he embarked for England, in order to obtain a thorough medical education, and was absent, in France, England,

and Scotland, five years. His professional studies were pursued with undiminished zeal, and especially under the illustrious teachers in the school of Edinburgh. Such was his skill in botany, that he obtained the annual medal, given by Dr. Hope, the Professor, for the best collection of plants. He received his degree at Edinburgh in May, 1765. On his return, he found his father in debt for his education, which had cost more than a thousand pounds; he entered into partnership with him, and for three years drew nothing beyond his expenses from the profits of the business, amounting to £1500 a year. Having thus honorably discharged this debt, he married his cousin, Mary Bard, a lady of beauty and accomplishments, to whom he had long been attached. He formed this connection on a stock of £100, observing that "his wife's economy would double his earnings."

Dr. Bard formed the plan of the Medical School of New York, which was published within a year after his return. He was appointed Professor of the Practice of Physic. Medical degrees were first conferred in 1769. In the same year, the hospital was founded by his exertions; but the building was burnt, causing a delay of the establishment until 1791. In 1774, he delivered a course of chemical lectures. In the time of the war he left the city, placing his family in the house of his father at Hyde Park; but anxious to provide for his wife and children, and to secure his property, he, the next year, by permission, returned to New York, while the enemy had possession of it, and engaged anew in his professional business, after being a considerable time without a call, and reduced to his last guinea.

After the return of peace, Washington selected him as his family physician. At this period he lost four out of his six children by scarlatina, which prevailed in a violent form, attended with delirium. In consequence of the illness of Mrs. Bard, he withdrew from business for a year, devoting himself to her. A prayer for her recovery was found among his papers. In 1784, he returned to the city. At this period he devoted 5000 guineas to enable his father to free himself from debt. At another time, when he had accumulated 1500 guineas, he sent that sum to England, but lost it by the failure of the banker. On receiving the intelligence, he said to his wife, "We are ruined." But she replied, "Never mind

the loss; we will soon make it up again." Having formed the purpose to retire from business, he in 1798 removed to his seat in the neighborhood of his father at Hyde Park. But, when the yellow fever appeared, he resolutely returned to his post. By his fearless exposure of himself he took the disease; but, nursed by his faithful wife, he recovered. The remaining twenty-three years of his life were spent in happy retirement, surrounded by his children and grandchildren, delighted with their society, and finding much enjoyment also in agricultural improvements, in contemplating the beauties of nature, and in the gratification of his continued thirst for knowledge. For the benefit of those who, with himself, had engaged in rearing merino sheep, he published "The Shepherd's Guide." In 1813, he was appointed President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. His discourses, on conferring degrees, were very impressive. He died of pleurisy, and his wife of the same disorder the preceding day: they were buried in one grave. It had long been their wish to be thus united in death, and a remarkable dream of Mrs. Bard to this effect was remembered.

He published a Treatise de Viribus Opii, 1765; on Angina Suffocativa, republished in vol. 1 American Philosophical Society; on the Use of Cold in Hemorrhage; Compendium of Midwifery, 1807, and subsequent editions; many occasional Addresses to public bodies; and Anniversary Discourses to medical students.

GENERAL JOHN BARKER.

GENERAL JOHN BARKER was appointed one of the aldermen of the city of Philadelphia, by Governor Thomas McKean, on the 22d October, 1800, and was elected Mayor of said city, by the Select and Common Councils, 20th October, 1808, and was re-elected in 1809. He was the father of James Nelson Barker, who was a captain in the United States Army, during the war of 1812, with Great Britain, and saw some service, and after the war received the appointment of Deputy Adjutant-General of the United States,