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patriotism, and self-sacrifices in the cause of his adopted country, ought not to be forgotten by Americans. After the war, he had for his partner in business, Patrick Moore. In local politics, Mr. McClenachan belonged to the party who so much disapproved the provisions of "Jay's Treaty," and so warmly opposed its ratification. When asked what he would do with it, he indignantly replied, "Kick it to sir;" whereupon the opposite party immediately issued a laughable caricature, well remembered by many citizens of the present day, representing Mr. McClenachan in the act of kicking the treaty to the dominions of his Satanic majesty.

He died in Philadelphia at an advanced age.

ware,

THOMAS McKEAN.

THOMAS MCKEAN, Governor of Pennsylvania, a patriot of the Revolution, the son of William McKean, an Irishman, who settled in New London, Pennsylvania, was born March 19th, 1734. He was educated in the excellent school of Dr. Allison, at New London. Having studied law in New Castle, he settled in that county. He was a member of the legislature in 1762, of the Congress of 1765, and of that of 1774; having his residence at this period in Philadelphia. He remained in Congress, as a delegate from Delafrom 1774 to 1783; yet was he, at the same time, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania from 1777, being claimed by both States. He was present in Congress, July 4th, 1776, and voted for the Declaration of Independence, and signed it as engrossed, August 2d; yet in the printed journal his name was omitted. The subsequent signers, who were not present July 4th, were Mr. Thornton, B. Rush, G. Clymer, J. Smith, G. Taylor, and G. Ross. As a member of the Convention of Pennsylvania, he urged the adoption of the Constitution. In 1799, he succeeded Mr. Mifflin, as Governor, and remained in office till 1808, when he was succeeded by Mr. Snyder. In his politics, he accorded with Mr. Jefferson. After the close of 1808, he passed his days in retirement. He

died June 24th, 1817, aged 83 years. As Chief Justice for twentytwo years, he was eminent. His decisions were accurate and profound. He once had occasion to say, "No act of my public life was ever done from a corrupt motive, nor without a deliberate opinion that the act was proper and lawful in itself.”

BERNARD MCMAHON.

BERNARD MCMAHON, a gardener and florist, founded in 1809, a botanic garden near Philadelphia; and died in September, 1816. He published "The American Gardener's Calendar," in 1806. He was one of the first successful gardeners of the United States, a man of science and education, and devoted to his profession.

JOSEPH G. NANCREDE, M.D.

DR. NANCREDE was born in Boston, in June, 1793, and while a child was sent to Montreal to be educated; but his stay there was of short duration. Napoleon attaining to supreme power, and anarchy and the guillotine giving way to peace and order, Dr. Nancrede's father determined to reside in his native country, whither he took his family. Joseph completed his education at the College of St. Barbe, at Paris, and at once entered upon the study of medicine in the same city. Again Fate drives him across the Atlantic. Napoleon determined to invade Russia, and issued a decree, declaring that the sons of Frenchmen, wherever born, were Frenchmen, and as such, obliged to serve in the army. Mr. Nancrede fearing that his sons would be unable to escape the general conscription, again set sail for this country. Scarcely had the ship which bore them left the harbor, when she was captured by an English cruiser, and all on board carried prisoners to Great Britain; however, as they were all peaceful citizens, another ship was

obtained, and they were suffered to depart, and reached Philadelphia in safety. Joseph immediately recommenced the study of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated, in the year 1813. At first, he went to Louisville, and opened an office; but he returned to our city in 1816, and began the practice of his profession, and devoted himself to it with the most unremitting zeal, and the most untiring energy, till a few months before his death. Nor could he have chosen a more opportune time. America was thronged with exiles from France; Waterloo had cast thousands of Bonapartists on our shores; and these were only too glad to find a physician who could minister to their wants, not only speaking their own language, but having feelings in unison with their own. Many French families employed Dr. Nancrede, particularly after the death of his friend and patron, Dr. Monges; and some of them he attended in the last month of his practice. Joseph Bonaparte himself, was frequently his patient; and he gave many little mementoes to the subject of this notice, which are now in the possession of Dr. Samuel G. Nancrede. Dr. Joseph Nancrede and the late lamented Dr. Chapman, were often the guests of the ex-King, and seem to have spent most agreeable evenings in his society, dwelling on the actions and sentiments of the great Napoleon.

Dr. Nancrede was particularly opposed to specialities, though he obtained a very large share of obstetrical practice, and in this department was much noted, as well as very successful. He it was that first proposed and performed the operation for Cæsarian section, which was so happy in its results that both the mother and child survived. An account of this case is published by Dr. Nancrede himself in the 16th volume of "The American Journal of the Medical Sciences." The Doctor's attention was too much occupied with his profession to spend much time in "book-making," and it is a great pity, for he wrote in a very clear, forcible style, and very agreeably, and his experience was so great, that his writings would have been very valuable as well as interesting; still he and his brother, Dr. Nicholas Nancrede, translated "Legallois' Experiments on the Principles of Life;" this was at a very early period of his professional life; he also translated and edited an abridgment of Orfila's work on Toxicology, for which he received a com

plimentary letter from Orfila himself. He wrote an article on Mania-a-Potu, one on "Broussais' Theory of Fevers," and a number of others, in the various medical journals of the day. Dr. Nancrede was mild and gentle in his manners, and particularly pleasant in the sick-room, combining the friend with the physician in an eminent degree. In early life, he was sent to a Catholic College, and to the tenets of this form of religion he was always devotedly attached, and it was only when its beloved doctrines were attacked, that I have ever seen him really put out; its commandments of love and charity towards our fellow-men he was ever ready to obey, and no one sought his assistance whose heart was not gladdened by his kindness and beneficence. In 1822 he married Cornelia, daughter of Commodore Truxton, and from that day till that of the death of Mrs. Nancrede, this devoted couple seemed absolutely to live for each other, and from the blow inflicted by her death, in 1848, the Doctor never rallied. Eight years, sad and weary years, rolled their length along, and still he mourned; the world had lost its brightness, and society its charms, for this stricken heart. His voice was as gentle, his manner was as mild, but his soul pined for the companion of his youth, the comforter of his manhood; he was too religious to give up entirely, and he strove to conquer his sadness, but his duties, although he performed them, ceased to give him pleasure, and his only desire seemed to be to prepare to meet the departed one in a better world.

This constant grief finally produced its effects upon a constitution by no means strong, and the seeds of disease as well as grief matured, and put an end to the existence of this skilful physician, and truly good man.

In May, 1856, he had a hemorrhage from the lungs, and this closed his medical career; for a time he seemed to rally from this, and was enabled to ride out till a few weeks before his death; but great difficulty of breathing set in, which increased to such a degree that at last he was unable to walk at all, and even to sit up with great difficulty. This was the great peculiarity of his case; he had no cough, no hectic, no expectoration, no night-sweats, yet he sank, in spite of every attempt to alleviate his condition, and the most skilful advice; leaving a bright example of what may be

accomplished by perseverance and energy, accompanied by skill, honesty, and charity. Requiescat in pace.

JOSEPH C. NEAL.

MR. NEAL was an original humorist, and was a native of New Hampshire, where he was born, at Greenland, February 3d, 1807. His father had been a principal of a school in Philadelphia, and had retired in ill health to the country, where he discharged the duties of a Congregational clergyman. He died while his son was in infancy, and the family returned to Philadelphia. Mr. Neal was early attracted to editorial life, and was for a number of years, from 1831, engaged in conducting "The Pennsylvanian" newspaper. The labor proved too severe for a delicate constitution, and he was compelled to travel abroad to regain lost health; and, finally, in 1844, to relinquish his daily journal, when he established a popular weekly newspaper, "Neal's Saturday Gazette." This he continued with success to the time of his death, in the year 1847.

The forte of Mr. Neal was a certain genial humor, devoted to the exhibition of a peculiar class of citizens, falling under the social history description of the genus "loafer." Every metropolis breeds a race of such people, the laggards in the rear of civilization, who lack energy or ability to make an honorable position in the world, and who fall quietly into decay, complaining of their hard fate in the world, and eking out their deficient courage by a resort to the bar-room. The whole race of small spendthrifts, inferior pretenders to fashion, bores, half-developed inebriates, and generally gentlemen enjoying the minor miseries and social difficulties of life, met with a rare delineator in Mr. Neal, who interpreted their ailments, repeated their slang, and showed them an image which they might enjoy, without too great a wound to their self-love. A quaint vein of speculation wrapped up this humorous dialogue.

The "Sketches" made a great hit a few years since when they appeared; and, for their preservation of curious specimens of cha

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