Mr. URBAN, Mr. URBAN, W. P April 16. &c. Of the first the fpoke very fatisTHE village of King's Stanley, Glofactorily. In refpect to the fees, the cestershire, like all others in the paid 25. gd. for warding, as they call cloathing trade, is very populous; hut it, which I think goes to the Sifter, is most pleasantly fituated on the banks (indeed, the gave 3 fhillings, and, as the of the Stroud canal; and is iftant from change was not offered her, had not Stroud, to the Weft, about 3 miles, courage to afk for it; this probably is The church is an exceeding neat firuc- generally the cafe); Sixpence to the man ture, but fmall; it contains no monu- (Beadle) for putting her name up at ments worthy of notice. The ad- the front of her bed. A halfpenny per mirer of rich protpects will be gratified day was kept back by the Sifter out of with the beautiful view from Selley what is allowed on the days they have Hill near the church. The variety of no meat, in lieu of it, to pay the nurfes objects which prefent themselves are fo for certain little offices, which all who many, and the scene so diversified with do not keep their beds do for themorchards, fields, and meadows, adjoin. felves, and for those that do keep their ing to the river Severn, that the pro- beds I fhould deem it the proper bu fpect from hence is the most charming finels of the nurfes to perform. The that can be imagined. night-nurfe had the perquitite of felling Yours, hot-rolls in the morning before the retired to rest, and which the patients are expected to buy. The ward is fcoured thoroughly every fix weeks, or thereabouts; when thofe of the patients, whole complaints are not of the kind to prevent their ufing bodily exercise, affit the nurfes, which is not to be objected to; but the reft are asked to contribute fomething towards paying them for their trouble, a penny, 2d. or perhaps. 3d. All thefe petty expences take from the really poor; and thofe who are not fo, or who dress as if they were not fo, are not the real objects of charity. I then asked if the Chaplain ever came into the ward; Na, though three or four had died in the ward in the (pace of time he had been there. I do not fuppofe he would have refufed, if requefied to have praved by them; but foch poor and too often ignorant people hould be reminded of the care of their fouls: the charity of inftructing them in that point should be as much fuperior to the care of their bodies, as their fouls are fuperior to their bodies. It ought undoubtedly. to go together. When to proper a fealon as that of affliction, to pour-in divine truth and fpiritual confolation? The admonitions or exhortations of a pious Minifter might have effect on thofe who are not in a dangerous Itate, or who are convalefent. It inay be faid, in fo large an Inspital, it would be almost impoffible, for one, manto go through all the wards. In the name of Chriftian chority, let two be appointed. They have a noble fund. The Chaplain has sol. per annum, and ***** a hand July 28. READ with a- mixture of pain and pleafure the accounts tranfmitted to you by Dr. Lettfom, from the truly philanthropic Mr. Neild, of the fate of the prifons; and hope, through their benevolent activity, the abufes will be rectified. But I do not mean to take up your reader's time with my feeble e. "I was fick and ye vifited me, was in prifon and ye came unto me," fpoken at the laft awful day of retribution by their Divine Mafter, will be their promifed reward. Mortal eulogium, monument or flatue, to this are poor indeed. Imagination at its utmost firetch can but faintly conceive the tranfcendant blifs that will be felt at thofe heart-thrilling accents of our Lord, who will graciously accept as done to himfelf mercies or kindness to our fellow-creatures. But I think not with more pain of the poor prifoners' futterings by the unneceflary feverity or extortion of their gaolers, than of the negligence in particular of a body of men who are deputed by God to bring back wandering fheep, and to be effengers of comfort to the heavy laden, either of fin or affliction, 1 may fay of both; and are even paid by man for the latter office. I mean the Clergy, fpecially thofe who are appointed Chaplains to gaols and hofpitals. Of the latter I fpeak from my own know ledge; having vifited a poor woman 1ately in an hofpiral near London, I en quired, very minutely of her, how he was treated, what fees the paid, GENT. MAG. Auguft, 1804. a handfome houfe. An additional one, to affili fometimes at leaft, might think "himfelf paffing rich with 401. a year," or even 201. as he might have fome fmall curracy or Sunday duty, befide. Prayers are read in the chapel every norning, at which thofe patients who can walk about may attend, or they may let it alone. No invitation or perfuafion is used to them. Prayers fometimes read in the ward. At St. Bartholomew's, part of the charge to the Sifters when chofen, is, "Alfo ye fhall ufe unto them (the patients) good and honeft talk, fuch as may comfort and amend them." I doubt this is not often done by thefe Sifters, who are, too many of them, fiue drefly ladies Some little fuitable tracts might be laid in the wards, to be read occafionally, by the patients or Sifter, to thofe who were 100 ill, or unable to read. At a well-known Infirmary the like fees are paid; and I am forry to hear of the fame negligence in the Chaplain. My fex will not permit my ferutinizing, except when I go purpofely to vifit any poor women. I only beg to offer thefe hinis to fome charitable perfon or perfons among the Governors, who could not be refufed admittance (I do not mean the flated times of vifitation, when all are prepared), and who could with authority enquire into thefe abufes. I fay nothing of the gratuities given by the patients friends to the nurfes, which, though ultimately a mischieyous practice, as thole who have not friends to give may on that account be flighted, because I do not know that it can be prevented, whatever prohibition may be of it, though I know that, in the City Lying-in hofpital, the beft managed, I believe, of any fuch charitable inftitution, the Nurfes have refuted fuch gratuities, at least fome of them. Suffer me here to introduce a jutt tribute of praife to its very excellent prefent Matron, Mrs. Ann Newby. I have, fince I began this, read the two letters in your last Magazine, exculpatory of the London Clergy and others, from the blame of neglecting to vifit the workhoufes and fick poor of their parithes. I certainly do not mean to cali any upon them. I believe many of them firictly perform their duty: I with all did. The ward I vified the poor woman in at the Hofpital was Darcass. I do not fuppofe the Sifier and quifes of that ward took more fees and perquitites than the others do ; the Sifter looked fuitable to her office, and was, I heard, tender to the patients. But these fees and perquifites are a general, and it may be an increasing evil. I know a few months back a well-inclined young woman died in Charityward, in the fame hofpital, and no one gave her (piritual confolation, or reminded her to request it. She was paid for as a parish-pauper, but that ought to have made no difference. I regret much now that I did not vifit her in the hofpital, as I had done at home in the beginning of her illness; but diftance, bad weather, with other avocations, prevented; and I knew too that feveral of her friends did go to fee her, who were very kind to her respecting her bodily wants. Yours, &c. Mr. URBAN, THE EUSEBIA, July 17. "Judge not, left you be judged." HE benevolence and humanity of Dr. Lettfom muft enfure efteem ; and certainly the trouble he has taken to meliorate the condition of the labouring poor must deserve praise, and be grateful to his own feelings; but, in the way of doing good, there is much delicacy required; and while we are zealous in our endeavours to promote an active charity in one particular intiance, we fhould be careful, in the extenfion of this important Chriftian duty, not to forget the other Chriftian branch of charity to others alfo. In his Remarks on the Coudition of the Children of our labouring Poor, this worthy medical gentleman has, Í think, been too partial in confining his fubject to the great manufacturing towns of this kingdom, and very particularly fo in his comparative view of the new Lanark Mills and thofe of Holy-well and Manchester. I have always understood there is great difficulty in the attempt of feparating the caufe of the evil which a flate derives from the immorality and the emafculated condition of the poor, from the important benefits which it derives from the increasing manufactres carried on by thele objects of our fpeenlation. That the regulation of the morals and the health of the rifing progeny of a fiate, as conducive to induftry and to opulence, demands every attention, it is needlefs to argue; but let us fee the great difficulties which our principal manufacturing towns labour under, fuch as Birmingham and Man chelter, chefter, compared with the lefs contaminated primitive and more hardy poor connected with the manufactories of Scotland. quiry at his own expence; but there are many other reafons which be may fairly alledged for this gentleman's refufal. I am informed, that it frequently happens that many perfons, on gaining adimittance to thele extenfive mia from their employers, and in various other refpects have caufed much diforder to the establishment. By the law of the land, it is ordained that these factories fhould be opened to the regular and periodical vifits of Magiftrates; therefore, by thus expoling the partial evils of thefe extenfive commercial establishments, which few human undertakings of fuch a vast magnitude can be exempt from, where fuch immenfe numbers of hands are employed, an oblique reflection is doublefs caft on the judicial adminiftration of the State. From feveral generations paft, the manufactories of our great commercial towns have encouraged the most ex-nufactories, have fuborned the artifans tenfive employment to the labouring poor; motley groups of individuals from various quarters have been lured to them; the parental fiock in various particulars originally defective in point of flamina, and their progeny of course, unhappily tainted with the fame miffortune; the gleanings of work-houfes from the capital, from many parts of the country, have been thrown into thefe great towns; forfaken children from impure connexions, in whom fqualid poverty has laid the foundation of many diforders, and which growing up and fettling in thefe places have been communicated to a fucceeding race: this evil is therefore not the prefent growth of our large factories. In Scotland, it is but of late years the manufactures have fprung up; the fiamina of their labouring poor is naturally more hardy and lefs corrupted, not having the intercourfe of the Southern provinces; and by recruiting confiantly from the fame parental fource, no wonder that the children at the Lanark Mills have been found more healthy than thofe of the English manufacturing towns. Although the proprietor of the Lanark Mills may deferve praife for his attention to the health of the children employed in his establishment, it does not follow that other gentlemen, eminently fignalized for their enterprifing fpirit, induftry, and abilities, owing to the natural advantages of Mr. Dale *, deferve a public expofure and fiigma. I think Mr. Bott, of Nantwich, in Cheshire, is highly to be commended, for his denial of an entry into his manufactory; and if the vifit of the benevolent Mr. Neild was only to wreft from his mill articles of crimination for an expofure before the public, Mr. Bott has acted very wifely, by the interdiction of curiosity and introfive en * There is no imputati in meant agunit the charter of this gentleman on the fuppofition of his being a diffenter of the Church of England: liberal, indeed, would be a remark of this kind to infer any kind of reproach; but when a panegyrick is derived from party, fome partiality my very naturally be suspected. The benevolence and zeal of a patriotic character fhould recommend itfelf in a more effectual manner than by publicly praifing one man or set of nien at the expence of others, equally, and in the fullest extent as much deferving. All memorials for the public good fhould be circulated through the hands of the civil Magifirate or members of the county where the evil exifts; reforms can thus be more certainly obtained than by innuendo's, which but too generally carry with them the appearance of party confideration, or other interefied motives. CONSERVATOR. Fay on the Cultivation of Oak. By the Rev. R. YATES, F. S. A. Chap lain to his Majefty's Royal Hofpital at Chelfea, and Rector of Effa, aliaș Afhen, in Effex. (Concluded from page 628.) THE particular arrangement here recommended may be varied according to any peculiarities of fituation, regard being contiantly had to the general and most important principle of loofening the ground very deep previously to planting the acorns. By this mode of culture, Oaks may be raifed in almost any foil; but, where it is poffible, a loam, or marl, is always beft in fuch earth; and, when affifted to be chofen. Oaks thrive much the by deep trenching and judicious pruning, attain in few years to an immenfe fize. Thofe who have been accustomed to notice the flow growth and funted appearance of Oak trees, when denied the affistance affiftance of art, and left to themselves in the common way, would obferve with aftonishment the vigorous and rapid increafe of plants under the management now pointed out. The plants thinned out the first three or four years, though not fit to be depended upon for timber, as tranfplanting generally injures very materially the future growth, may be replanted in the intermediate paces between the rows, for the purpofe of being afterwards removed; or they may be usefully placed in hedges, or other fpare and unoccupied fpots of ground. They fhould be headed down at the time of transplanting, as this operation aflifts the procefs of Nature, in re-producing or remedying any injury the tap-root may have received from the removal: and, if proper attention be given to loofening the foil for their reception, and pruning them as they advance, in molt inftances an adequate profit will be derived from the labour beftowed upon them. After a few years, the produce of the timberplantation will be found very advantageous. The young trees that are to be removed yearly will always find a ready market for a variety of purposes, unneceflary here to enumerate. În addition to thefe advantages, if by this treatment of deep trenching previous to planting, and annual careful pruning during the growth, timber can be produced in about fifty years, of equal quality, and much fuperior in fize, to that which has been above one hundred years growing under improper ma nagement, or without the affillance of cultivation, it will doubtless be allowed that a most beneficial, if not abfolutely the beft poflible method of railing Oaks," is here pointed out and afcertained. · This method of cultivation may perhaps be thought to occafion fo much expence in manual labour as to prevent its being generally adopted. It might perhaps be fufficient to obferve, that, if the work be conducted with judgment and economy, the future produce would afford ample returns for all neceflary expenditure it fhould alfo be recollected, that the previous preparation of the ground, and the fubfequent pruning of the plants, are both to be performed at that featon of the year when a fearcity of work will enable the planter to obtain affifiance upon calier terms; with this additional advantage alfo, of providing employment for the labourer at thofe times when the general fiate of agricultural business renders it difficult for him to find maintenance for himfelf and family without charitable relief. In 1750, at Ingefire in Staffordshire, the feat of Lord Chetwynd, fome plantations were formed and managed in a great weafure according to the prin ciples here stated; and the growth of the plants was fo uncommonly rapid, and to extraordinary, that it could not but attract the notice of all concerned in the conduct of them. The attention to the fubject, then excited, has been the occafion and ground of all the obfervations and experiments made from that time to the prefent, the refust of which is given in this paper. The extenfive plantations of the late Lord Denbigh, at Newnham Padox, in Warwickshire, are well known and much admired. The whole has been conducted with great judgment. About a fquare acre has been employed in raising Oaks upon a plan nearly fimilar to that now propofed, and affords the beft and molt convincing proof of the fuperior utility and efficacy of fuch management. Had the Noble Earl been now living, I fhould have been enabled to have laid before the Society fome more detailed particulars; that, however, is now impoflible; this Paper, therefore, in its prefent state, may per haps be thought not altogether unworthy of notice, as tending to forward the liberal defigns of the Society, and contributing to the advantage of the Publick, the Author conceiving that the beft method of raifing Oaks is afcertained and stated in it. Should the Society be in any degree inclined to join in this fentiment, it inay perhaps induce them to make fome alteration in the terms of their prope fal; as, according to the statements, made in this Paper, and indeed from what may be feen in every part of the kingdom, in the character and appearance of Oaks growing without culti vation, it feems afcertained, that “acorns fet with the spade or dibble, without digging or tillage," can never be depended on to form good timber; aud even in the most favourable circum ftances of this cafe, the growth will be exceedingly flow and precarious. The f.me may be faid of " young plants, previously raifed in nurferies, and tranfplanted;" for, if the tap-root be cut, broken, or in any degree injured, which іц |