Natural Philosophy-includes all substances that affect our five senses,―hearing, seeing, tasting, smeling and feeling; which substances are called matter, and exist in three states, or conditions,-solid, when the 31. The organs of speech are, the dorsal | and abdominal muscles, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, the thorax or chest, the lungs. the trachea or wind-pipe, the larynx, (composed of five elastic cartilages, the upper one being the epiglottis,) the glot-particles cohere together, so as not to be easily tis, palate, tongue, teeth, lips and nose: but, in all efforts, we must use the whole body. All vowel sounds are made in the larynx, or vocal box, and all the consonant sounds above this organ. separated; as rocks, wood, trees,&c.: liquid, when they cohere slightly, and separate freely; as water: and gaseous, or aeriform state, when they not only separate freely, but tend to recede from each other, as far as 32. O has three regular sounds: first, the space they occupy, or their pressure will its NAME sound, or long: OLD; nows. permit,-as air, &c. Educators, and Education. We all must serve an apprenticeship to the five senses; and, at every step, we need assistance in learning our trade: gentleness, pa tience, and love are almost every thing in education: they constitute a mild and bless ed atmosphere, which enters into a child's soul, like sunshine into the rosebud, slowly, but surely expanding it into vigor and beauty. Parents and Teachers must govern their own feelings, and keep their hearts and consciences pure, following principle, 33. A correct and pure articulation, is instead of impulse. The cultivation of the indispensable to the public speaker, and es- affections and the development of the body's senses, begin together. The first effort of sential in private conversation: every one, therefore, should make himself master of it. intellect is to associate the names of objects with the sight of them; hence, the necesAll, who are resolved to acquire such an articulation, and faithfully use the means, sity of early habits of observation-of pay(which are here furnished in abundance,)ing attention to surrounding things and will most certainly succeed, though opposed events; and enquiring the whys and whereby slight organic defects; for the mind may fores of every thing; this will lead to the qualobtain supreme control over the whole body.ities, shapes, and states of inanimate substances; such as hard, soft, round, square, 34. Irregulars. Au, Eau, and Ew, have hot, cold, swift, slow. &c.; then of vegeta this sound in a few words: The beau Ros- bles, afterwards of animals; and finally, of seau, with mourn-ful hau-feur, stole the haut-men, angels, and God. In forming the boy, bu-reau, cha-teau and flam-beaux, and human character, we must not proceed as poked them into his port-manteau, before the the sculptor does, in the formation of a stabelle sowed his toe to the har-row, for strew-tue, working sometimes on one part, then ing the shew-bread on the plat-eau. Anecdote. A Narrow Escape. A pedantic English traveler, boasting that he had been so fortunate, as to escape Mr. Jefferson's celebrated non-importation law, was told by a Yankee lady, "he was a very lucky man: for she understood that the non-importation law prohibited the importing of goods, of which brass-was the chief composition." Proverbs. 1. Affairs, like salt-fish, should b a long time soaking. 2. A fool's tongue, like a monkey's tail, designates the animal. 3. All on another; but as nature does in forming a flower, or any other production; throwing out altogether the whole system of being. and all the rudiments of every part. Varieties. 1. The just man will flourish in spite of envy. 2. Disappointment and suffering, are the school of wisdom. 3. s corporeal punishment necessary in the school. army and navy? 4. Every thing within the scope of human power, can be accomplishe by weli-directed efforts. 5. WOMAN-the morning-star of our youth, the day-star of our manhood, and the evening-star of our age. work its heart out, but it can never make honey. 6. When Newton was asked--by what means 5. Better go around, than fall into the ditch. 6. he made his discoveries in science; he replied, by thinking." 7. Infinity-can never be Church work generally goes on slowly. 7. Those, received fully-by any recipient, either in whom guilt contaminates, it renders equal. Force, without forecast, is little worth. 9. Gen-heaven, or on earth. are not thieres that dogs bark at. 4. An ant may 8. 66 ility, without ability, is worse than plain beg-The silver eel, in shining volumes roll'd, 'Tis not, indeed, my talent-to engage 11. 12. c The yellow carp, in scales bedropp'd with gold; 35. Attend to the quantity and quality of the sounds, which you and others make; that is, the volume and purity of voice, the time occupied, and the manner of enunciating letters, wards, and sentences: also, learn their differences and distinctions, and make your voice produce, and your ear ob serve them. Get clear and distinct ideas and conceptions of things and principles, both as respects spirit, and matter; or you will grope in darkness. is close: 36. The second sound or OOZE; do stoop, and choose to ac-cou-tre the gour-mand and trou-ba-dour, with boots and shoes; the soot-y cou-ri-er broods a youth-ful boor to gamboge the goose for a dou-ceur; Brougham, (Broom,) proves the uncouth dra-goon to be a wound-ed tou-rist by his drooping sur-tout; it be-hoves the boo-by to shoot his bou-sy noodle soon, lest, buo-yant with soup, the fool moor his poor ca-noe to the roof of the moon. [0 in OOZE.] 37. The difference between expulsion and explosion is, that the latter calls into use, principally, the lungs, or thorax: i. e. the effort is made too much above the diaphragm: the former requires the combined action of the muscles below the midriff; this is favorable to voice and health; that is deleterious, generally, to both: many a one has injured his voice, by this unnatural process, and others have exploded their health, and some their life; beware of it. Notes. 1. Au, in some French words, have this sound; as-chef-d'eau-vre, (she-donvr, a master stroke ;) also, Eu ; as—ma neu-vre; coup-d'œil,' (coo-dale, first, or slight view;) coup-demait, (a sudden attack ;) and coup-de-grace, (coo-de-gras, the finshing stroke). 2 Beware of Walker's erroneous notation in proBouncing go in book, cock, took, look, &c., like the second sound of o, as in boon, pool, tooth, &c. In these first examples, the oo is like u in pull; and in the latter the o is close. In the word to, in the following, when it constitutes a part of the verb, the o is close: as in the examples alluded to;" "attend t' the exceptions." 3. In concert practice, many will let out their voices, who would read so low as not to be heard, if reading individually. Causes of Greek Perfection. All Greek Philologists have failed to account satisfac torily, for the form, harmony, power, and superiority of that language. The reason seems to be, that they have sought for a thing where it is not to be found; they have look'd into books, to see what was never written in books; but which alone could be heard. They learned to read by ear, and not by let ters; and, instead of having manuscripts before them, they memorized their contents, and made the thoughts their own, by actual appropriation. When an author wished to have his work published, he used the living voice of himself, or of a public orator, for the printer and bookseller: and the public speaker, who was the best qualified for the task, would get the most business: the greater effect they produced, the higher their reputation. The human voice, being the grand instrument, was developed, cultivated, and tuned to the highest perfection. Beware of dead book knowledge, and seek for living, moving nature: touch the letter-only to make it alive with the eternal soul. Anecdote. I hold a wolf by the ears: which is similar to the phrase-catching a Tartar; supposed to have arisen from a trooper, meeting a Tarter in the woods, and exclaiming, that he had caught one: to which his companion replied,-"Bring him along, then;"-he answered, "I can't;" Then come yourself;"- He won't let me." The meaning of which is, to represent a man grappling with such difficulties, that he knows not how to advance or recede. Varieties. 1. Is it not strange, that such beautiful flowers-should spring from the dust, on which we tread? 2. Patient, persevering thought-has done more to enlighten and improve mankind, than all the sudden and brilliant efforts of genius. 3. It is astonishing, how much a little added to a little, will, in time, amount to. 4. The hap Proverbs. 1. A fog-cannot be dispelled piest state of man-is-that of doing good, with a fan. 2. A good tale-is often marr'd in for its own sake. 5. It is much safer, to telling. 3. Diligence-makes all things appear think-what we say, than to say-what we easy. 4. A good name—is better than riches. 5. think. 6. In affairs of the heart, the only A man may even say his prayers out of time. 6. trafic is-love for love; and the exchangeA-pel-les-was not a painter in a day. 7. A plas-all for all. 7. There are as many orders of ur is a small amends for a broken head. 8. All truth, as there are of created objects of order a.e not saints that go to church. 9. A man may in the world; and as many orders of goodlive upon title, but he cannot live upon nothing proper to such truth. at all. 10. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Patience is a bitter seed; but it yields sweet fruit. 12. The longest life must have an end. There is a pleasure-in the pathless woods, There is a rapture—on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrades, By the deep Sea, and music-in its roar: I love not Man-the less, byt Nature-more, From these our interviews, in which I steal From all I may be, or have been before, To mingle-with the Universe, and feelyhat I cau ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal. There is a spell-in every flower, A sweetness-in each spray, And there is music-on the breeze, Th't sports along the glade, The crystal dew-drops-on the trees, O, there is joy and happiness— Which bids my soul rise up, and bless 38. Oratory-in all its refinement, and Analogies. Light-is used in all lannecessary circumstances, belongs to no par-guages, as the representative of truth in its ticular people, to the exclusion of others; power of illustrating the understanding. nor is it the gift of nature alone; but, like Sheep, lambs, doves, &c., are analogous to, other acquirements, it is the reward of ardu- or represent certain principles and affections us efforts, under the guidance of consummate of the mind, which are pure and innocent, skill. Perfection, in this art, as well as in all tives of such affections: while, on the other and hence, we select them as fit representa others, is the work of time and labor, prompt- hand, bears, wolves, serpents, and the like, ed by true feeling, and guided by correct are thought to represent their like affections. thought. In painting and sculpture it is the artist's great aim, to represent, by sensible colors, and to embody under material forms, cer tain ideas, or principles, which belong to the mind, and give form to his conceptions on canvass, or on marble: and, if his execution be equal to his conception, there will be a perfect correspondence, or analogy, between his picture, or statue, and the ideas, which he had endeavored therein to express. The works of the greatest masters in poetry, and those which will live the longest, contain the most of pure correspondences; for genuine poetry is identical with truth; and it is the truth, in such works, which is their living principle, and the source of their power over the mind. [0 in ON.] 39. The third sound of O is short: ON; fore-head, prod-uce; the dol-o-rous coll-ier trode on the bronz'd ob-e-lisk, and his solace was a com-bat for om-lets made of gor-geons cor-als; the vol-a-tile pro-cess of making ros-in glob-ules of trop-i-cal mon-ades is extraor-di-na-ry; the doc-ile George for-got the joc-und copse in his som-bre prog-ress to the moss broth in yon-der trough of knowledge; beyond the flor-id frosts of morn-ing are the sop-o-rif-ic prod-ucts of the hol-y-days. 40. Dean Kirwan, a celebrated pulpit orator, was so thoroughly convinced of the mmportance of manner, as an instrument of doing good, that he carefully studied all his tones and gestures; and his well modulated and commanding voice, his striking attitudes, and his varied emphatic action, greatly aided his wing-ed words, in instructing, melting, inflaming, terrifying and overwhelming his auditors. been praised for his quickness of reply, a Varieties. 1. Why is a thinking person like a mirror? because he reflects. 2. Self41. Irregulars. A sometimes has this sufficiency-is a rock, on which thousands sound: For what was the wad-dling swan perish; while diffidence, with a proper sense quar-rel-ing with the wasp wan-der-ing and of our strength, and worthiness, generally wab-bling in the swamp? it was in a quan- ensures success. 3. Industry-is the law of da-ry for the quan-ti-ty of wars be-tween our being; it is the demand of nature, of reathe squash and wash-tub, I war-rant you. son, and of God. 4. The generality of manNotes. 1. The o in nor is like o in on and or: and the rea-kind-spend the early part of their lives ir. son why it appears to be different, is that the letter r, when smooth, contributing to render the latter part miserable. 5. When we do wrong, being convinced of it-is the first step towards amendment. 6. The style of writing, adopted by persons of equal education and intelligence, is the criterion of correct language. 7. To go against reason and its dictates, when pure, is to go against God: such reason-is the divine governor of man's life: it is the very voice of God. being formed the lowest in the throat of any of the consonants, partakes more of the properties of the vowel than the rest. 2.0 is silent in the final syllables of pris-on, bi-son, dam-son, ma-son, par-son, sex-ton, ar-son, bla-zon, glut-ton, par-dou, but-ton, rea-son, anh-ton, ba con, trea-son, reck-o, sea-son, wni-son, he-ri-zol, crim son, les-son, per-son, Mil-ton, John-son, Thompson, &c, Proverbs. 1. A man of gladness-seldom falls into madness. 2. A new broom sweeps clean. 3. A whetstone-can't itself cut, yet it makes tools cut. 4. Better go around, than fall into the ditch. 5. Religion-is an excellent armor, but a bad cloke. 6. The early bird-catches the worm. 7. Every one's faults are not written in their fore-heads. 8. Fire and water-are excellent servants, but bad masters. 9. Fools and obstinate people, make lawyers rich. 10. Good counsel has no price. 11. Great barkers-are no biters. 12. Regard the interests of others, as well as your own. Tis liberty, alone, that gives the flower Man's soul-in a perpetual motion flows, THE EVENING BELLS. Those evening bells, those evening bells! Proverbs. 1. Fools - make fashions, and other people follow them. 2. From nothing. nothing can come. 3. Give but repe enough, and he will hang himself. 4. Punishment- may be tardy, but it is sure to overtake the guilty. b. He that plants trees, loves others, besides himself. 6. If a fool have success, it always ruins him. 7. It is more easy to threaten, than to de self, as well as others. 9 Little strokes it eat 8. Learning-makes a man fit company for him oaks. 10. Make the best of a bad bargain. 11. The more we have, the more we desire. 12. Genteel society-is not always good society. 43. U has three regular sounds: first. NAME Sound, or long: MUTE; The Innocent and Guilty. If those. June re-fu-ses as-tute Ju-ly the only, who sou to the wind-reap the whirljuice due to cu-cum-ber; this feuwind, it would be well: but the mischief dal con-nois-sieur is a suil-a-ble is that the blindness of bigotry, the mad. co-ad-ju-tor for the cu-ri-ous ness of ambition, and the miscalculation of man-tua-ma-ker; the a-gue and [in MUTE.] diplomacy seek their victims, principally, fe-ver is a sin-gu-lar nui-sance to the a-cu- amongst the innocent and unoffending. men of the mu-luf-to; the cu-rate cal-cu-The cottage is sure to suffer, for every erlates to ed-u-cate this lieu-fen-ant for the tri-ror of the court, the cabinet, or the camp. bu-nal of the Duke's ju-di-cat-ure. 44. Elocution, is reading, and speaking, with science, and effect. It consists of two parts: the Science, or its true principles, and the Art, or the method of presenting them. Science is the knowledge of Art, and Art is the practice of Science. By science, or knowledge, we know how to do a thing; and the doing of it is the art. Or, science is the parent, and art is the offspring; or, science is the seed, and art the plant. 45. Irregulars. Ew, has sometimes this diphthongal sound, which is made by commencing with a conformation of organs much Ike that required in short e, as in ell, terminating with the sound of o, in ooze; see the engraving. Re-view the dew-y Jew a-new, while the cat mews for the stew. In pronouncing the single sounds, the mouth is in one condition; but, in giving the diphthong, or double sound, it changes in conformity to them. Notes. 1. U, when long, at the beginning of a word, or syllable, is precaled by the couvmant sound of y: 1. e. it has this consonant and its own vowel sound: as, -ni-verse, (yu-i-verse,) port-u-ry, (pen-yu-ry,) stat-u-a-ry, (stat-yu-a-ry,) ewe, (yu,) volume, (rol-yunie) a-ture, (nat-yure,) &c.: but not in column, al-um, &c., where the u is short. 2. Never pronounce duty, docty; tune, toon; news, noor; blue, bloo; slew, słoo; tews, dous; Jews, Joos; Tuesday, Tuesday; gratitude, gratitoode, &c. 3. sound all the syilailes full, for a time, regardless of serse, and make every let ter that is not silent, tell truly and fully on the ear: there is no danger that you will not clip them enough in practice. Anecdote. A Dear Wife. A certain extravagant speculator, who failed soon after, informed a relation one evening, that he had that day purchased an elegant set of jewels for his dear wife, which cost him two thousand dollars. She is a dear wife, indeed," was the laconic reply. Knowledge-dwells In heads, replete with thoughts of other men ; When error sits in the seat of power and authority, and is generated in high places, it may be compared to that torrent, which originates indeed, in the mountain, but commits its devastation in the vale below. Eternal Joy. The delight of the soub is derived from love and wisdom from the Lord; and because love is effective through wisdom, they are both fixed in the effect, which is use: this delight from the Lord flows into the soul, and descends through the superiors and inferiors of the mind-into all the senses of the body, and fulfills it. self in them; and thence joy becomes joy. and also eternal-from the Eternal. Varieties. 1. Gaming, like quicksand, may swallow up a man in a moment. 2. Real independence-is living within our ineans. 3. Envy-has slain its thousands; but neglect, its tens of thousands. 4. Is not a sectarian spirit-the devil's wedge-to sep arate christians from each other? 5. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism—would not gain force on the plains of Murothom; or whose piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of Ionia. 6. Rational evidence-is stronger than any miracle whenever it convinces the understanding; which miracles do not. 7. Man, in his sal ration, has the power of an omnipotent Go to fight for him; but in his damnation, he must fight against it, as being ever in the ef fort to save him. THE SEASONS. There, as they change, Almighty Father! these Even from the body's purity-the mind- Proverbs. 1. Like the dog in the manger, he will neither do, nor let do. 2. Many a slip between the cup and lip. 3. No great loss, but there is some small gain. 4. Nothing venture, nothing have. 5. One half the world knows not how the other half lives. 6. One story is good 7. Pride-goes before, and 46. By ANALYSIS-Sounds, syllables, | words, and sentences are resolved into their constituent parts; to each is given its own peculiar sound, force, quality, and meaning; and thus, every shade of vocal coloring, of thought and feeling, may be seen and felt. By SYNTHESIS, these parts are again re-uni-till another is told. ted, and presented in all their beautiful and harmonious combinations, exhibiting all the varieties of perception, thought, and emotion, that can be produced by the human mind. shame-follows after. 8. Saying and doing, are two things. 9. Some are wise, and some-are otherwise. 10. That is but an empty purse, that is full of other folk's money. 11. Common famı is generally considered a liar. 12. No weapon, but truth; no law, but love. Anecdote. Lawyer's Mistake. When the regulations of West Boston bridge were drawn up, by two famous lawyers,-ome section, it is said, was written, accepted, and now stands thus: "And the said proprietors shall meet 47. The second sound of U is short: UP; an ultra numb-skull is a mur-ky scullion; she urged her cour-te-ous hus-band to coup-le himself to a tre-mendous tur-tle; the country urchin pur-chased a bunch of mush and tur-nips, with an ef-ful-gent duc-annually, on the first Tues-day of June; at, and burst with the bulk of fun, because the um-pire de-murr-ed at the suc-co-tash. [U in UP.] 48. Lord Mansfield, when quite young, used to recite the orations of Demosthenes, on his native mountains; he also practised before Mr. Pope, the poet, for the benefit of his criticisms; and the consequence was, his melodious voice and graceful diction, made as deep an impression, as the beauties of his style and the excellence of his matter; which obtained for him the appellation of "the silver-toned Murray." provided, the same does not fall on Sunday." Habits. If parents-only exercised the same forethought, and judgment, about the education of their children, as they do in reference to their shoemaker, carpenter, joiner, or even gardener, it would be much bet In all cases, ter for these precious ones. what is learned, should be learned well: to do which, good teachers-should be preferred to cheap ones. Bad habits, once learned, are not easily corrected: it is better to learn one thing well, are thoroughly, than many things wrong, or imperfectly. 49. Irregulars. A, E, I, O, and Y, occasionally have this sound: the wo-man's Varieties. 1. Is pride-an indication of hus-band's clerk whirled his com-rade into a talent? 2. A handsome woman-pleases bloody flood for mirth and mon-ey; sir the eye; but a good woman the heart: the squir-rel does noth-ing but shove on-ions up former-is a jewel; the latter-a living treathe col-lan-der; the sov-reign monk has just sure. 3. An ass-is the gravest beast; an come to the col-ored mon-key, quoth my owl-the gravest bird. 4. What a pity it is, won-dering mother; this sur-gcon bumbs the hor-ror-stricken bed-lam-ites, and cov- when we are speaking of one who is beauti ets the com-pa-ny of mar-tyrs and rob-bers, ful and gifled, that we cannot add, that he to plun-der some tons of cous-ins of their or she is good, happy, and innocent! 5. gloves, com-fort, and hon-ey; the bird en- Don't rely too much on the torches of others; vel-ops some worms and pome-gran-ates light one of your own. 6. Ignorance-is in its stom-ach, a-bove the myr-tle, in front like a blank sheet of paper, on which we may of the tavern, thus, tres-pass-ing on the write; but error-is like a scribbled one. 7. cov-er-ed vi-ands; the wan-ton sex-ton en- All that the natural sun is to the natural com-pass-es the earth with gi-ant whirl world, that is the Lord-to his spirituar winds, and plun-ges its sons into the bot-creation and world, in which are our minds tom-less o-cean with his shov-el. Notes. 1. E and U, final, are silent in such words as, bogue, vague, eclogue, synagogue, plague, catalogue, rogue, dema. gogue, &c. 2. Do justice to every letter and word, and as soon think of stepping backward and forward in walking, as to r-proBounce your words in reading: nor should you call the words inaorrectly, any sooner than you would put on your shoes for your Bal, or your Lunnet for your shawl. 3. When e or i precedes one , in the same syllable, it generally has this soun 1: berth, irth, beard, vir-gin, &c., see N. p. 22. 4. Sometimes r is double in sound, ough written single. Could we with ink-the ocean fill, Were every single stick-a quill, To write the tricks-of half the sex, Would drink the ocean dry :- Gallants, beware, look sharp, take care, The blind-eat many a fly. and hence, he enlightens every man, that cometh into the world. Our birth-is but a sleep, and a forgetting; But trailing clouds of glory-do we come And tis remarkable, that they Talk most, that have the least to say. Pity is the virtue of the law, And none but tyrants- use it crnelly. 'Tis the first sanction, nature gave to man, Each other to assist, in what they can. |