what he knew, he knew better than other men. And with this knowledge he had a most blessed and clear method of demonstrating what he knew, to the great advantage of all his pupils (which in time were many), but especially to his two first, his dear Edwin Sandys, and his as dear George Cranmer; of which there will be a fair testimony in the ensuing relation.

This for Mr. Hooker's learning. And for his behaviour, amongst other testimonies, this still remains of him, that in four years he was but twice absent from the Chapel-prayers; and that his behaviour there was such as shewed an awful reverence of that God which he then worshipped and prayed to; giving all outward testimonies that his affections were set on heavenly things. This was his behaviour towards God and for that to man, it is observable, that he was never known to be angry, or passionate, or extreme in any of his desires; never heard to repine or dispute with Providence, but, by a quiet gentle submission and resignation of his will to the wisdom of his Creator, bore the burthen of the day with patience; never heard to utter an ancomely word;-and by this, and a grave behaviour, which is a divine charm, he begot an early reverence unto his person, even from those that at other times, and in other companies, took a liberty to cast off that strictness of behaviour and discourse that is required in a collegiate life. And when he took any liberty to be pleasant, his wit was never blemished with scoffing, or the utterance of any conceit that bordered upon, or might beget a thought of looseness in his hearers. Thus mild, thus innocent and exemplary was his behaviour in his College; and thus this good man continued till his death, still increasing in learning, in patience, and piety.

In this nineteenth year of his age, he was, December 24, 1573, admitted to be one of the twenty scholars of the foundation; being elected and so admitted as born in Devon or Hampshire, out of which counties a certain number are to be elected, in vacancies, by the Founder's Statutes. And now, as he was much encouraged, so now he was perfectly incorporated into this beloved College, which was then noted for an eminent library, strict students, and remarkable scholars. And indeed it may glory, that it had Cardinal Poole, but more, that it had Bishop Jewel, Dr. John Reynolds, and Dr. Thomas Jackson, of that foundation. The first, famous for his learned Apology for the Church of England; and, his Defence of it, against Harding. The second, for the learned and wise manage of a public dispute with John Hart, of the Romish persuasion, about the head and faith of the Church, and after printed by consent of both parties. And

+ [1598.]

* [Jewel.] ["It might be truly said of Jewel, Hooker, and Rainolds, that they could not be paralleled by the students of all countries, brought up in one college, nor the students in

the third, for his most excellent Exposition of the Creed, and other treatises all, such as have given greatest satisfaction to men of the greatest learning. Nor was Dr. Jackson more note-worthy for his learning, than for his strict and pious life, testified by his abundant love and meekness and charity to all men.

:

And in the year 1576, February 23, Mr. Hooker's Grace was given him for Inceptor of Arts; Dr. Herbert Westphaling, a man of note for learning, being then Vice-chancellor and the Act following he was completed Master, which was anno 1577,* his patron, Dr. Cole, being Vice-chancellor that year, and his dear friend, Henry Savill, of Merton College, being then one of the Proctors. It was that Henry Savill, that was after Sir Henry Savill, Warden of Merton College, and Provost of Eton; he which founded in Oxford two famous Lectures, and endowed them with liberal maintenance. It was that Sir Henry Savill, that translated and enlightened the History of Cornelius Tacitus with a most excellent comment: and, enriched the world by his laborious and chargeable collecting the scattered pieces of St. Chrysostom, and the publication of them in one entire body in Greek; in which language he was a most judicious critic. It was this Sir Henry Savill that had the happiness to be a contemporary, and familiar friend to Mr. Hooker, and let posterity know it.

And in this year of 1577, he was so happy as to be admitted Fellow of the College:† happy also in being the contemporary and friend of that Dr. John Reynolds, of whom I have lately spoken, and of Dr. Spencer; both which were after and successively, made Presidents of Corpus Christi College; men of great learning and merit, and famous in their generations.

Nor was Mr. Hooker more happy in his contemporaries of his time and College, than in the pupilage and friendship of his Edwin Sandys and George Cranmer; of whom my reader may note, that this Edwin Sandys was after Sir Edwin Sandys, and as famous for his "Speculum Europa" as his brother George for making posterity beholden to his pen by a learned Relation and Comment on his dangerous and remarkable travels; and for his harmonious Translation of the Psalms of David, the Book of Job, and other poetical parts of Holy Writ, into most high and elegant verse. And for Cranmer, his other pupil, I shall refer my reader to the printed testimonies of our learned Mr. Camden, of Fines Morison, and others.

....

all colleges, born in one county. As Jewel's fame grew from the Rhetoric Lecture, and Hooker's from the Logic, so Rainolds' from the Greek, in C. C. College."-WOOD'S Athena Oxon. Edit. Bliss, 1815. Vol. II. col. 13.]

["He contented himself with the only degree of Master of Arts, for so all his subscriptions run; not so much as Bachelor in Divinity, that I can find; I am sure not Doctor in any Faculty."-GAUDEN'S Life, p. 34.]

["He was admitted Probationer, Sept. 16, 1577."-Vide Fulman, apud Zouch, ut supra, p. lvii.]

"This Cranmer," says Mr. Camden in his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, "whose Christian name was George, was a gentleman of singular hopes, the eldest son of Thomas Cranmer, son of Edmund Cranmer, the Archbishop's brother: he spent much of his youth in Corpus Christi College in Oxford, where he continued Master of Arts for sometime before he removed, and then betook himself to travel, accompanying that worthy gentleman Sir Edwin Sandys into France, Germany, and Italy, for the space of three years; and after their happy return, he betook himself to an employment under Secretary Davison, a privy counsellor of note, who for an unhappy undertaking became clouded and pitied, after whose fall, he went, in place of Secretary, with Sir Henry Killegrew in his embassage into France; and after his death he was sought after by the most noble Lord Mountjoy, with whom he went into Ireland, where he remained, until, in a battle against the rebels near Carlingford, an unfortunate wound put an end both to his life and the great hopes that were conceived of him, he being then but in the thirty-sixth year of his age."

Betwixt Mr. Hooker and these his two pupils, there was a sacred friendship; a friendship made up of religious principles, which increased daily by a similitude of inclinations to the same recreations and studies; a friendship elemented in youth, and in a University, free from self-ends, which the friendships of age usually are not: and in this sweet, this blessed, this spiritual amity, they went on for many years; and, as the holy prophet saith, "so they took sweet counsel together, and walked in the house of God as friends." By which means they improved this friendship to such a degree of holy amity, as bordered upon heaven; a friendship so sacred, that when it ended in this world, it began in that next, where it shall have no end.

And, though this world cannot give any degree of pleasure equal to such a friendship, yet obedience to parents, and a desire to know the affairs, manners, laws, and learning of other nations, that they might thereby become the more serviceable unto their own, made them put off their gowns, and leave the College and Mr. Hooker to his studies in which he was daily more assiduous, still enriching his quiet and capacious soul with the precious learning of the philosophers, casuists, and schoolmen; and with them, the foundation and reason of all laws, both sacred and civil; and indeed, with such other learning as lay most remote from the track of common studies. And as he was diligent in these, so he seemed restless in searching the scope and intention of God's Spirit revealed to mankind in the sacred Scripture: for the understanding of which, he seemed to be assisted by the same Spirit with which they were written; He that regardeth truth in the inward parts, making him to understand wisdom

secretly. And the good man would often say that "God abhors confusion as contrary to his nature;" and as often say, that "The Scripture was not writ to beget disputations and pride, and opposition to government; but, charity and humility, moderation, obedience to authority, and peace to mankind;" of which virtues he would as often say 66 no man did ever repent himself on his death-bed." And that this was really his judgment, did appear in his future writings, and in all the actions of his life. Nor was this excellent man a stranger to the more light and airy parts of learning, as music and poetry; all which he had digested, and made useful; and of all which, the reader will have a fair testimony in what will follow.

*In the year 1579 the Chancellor of the University was given to understand, that the public Hebrew Lecture was not read according to the Statutes; nor could be, by reason of a distemper that had then seized the brain of Mr. Kingsmill, who was to read it; so that it lay long unread, to the great detriment of those that were studious of that language. Therefore the Chancellor writ to his Vice-chancellor and the University, that he had heard such commendations of the excellent knowledge of Mr. Richard Hooker in that tongue, that he desired he might be procured to read it; and he did, and continued to do so till he left Oxford.

Within three months after his undertaking this Lecture (namely in October, 1579), he was with Dr. Reynolds and others, expelled his College; and this Letter transcribed from Dr. Reynolds's own hand, may give some account of it.

"To Sir Francis Knolles. I am sorry, Right Honourable, that I am enforced to make unto you such a suit, which I cannot move, but I must complain of the unrighteous dealing of one of our College, who hath taken upon him against all law and reason, to expel out of our house both me and Mr. Hooker, and three other of our Fellows, for doing that which by oath we were bound to do. Our matter must be heard before the Bishop of Winchester, with whom, I do not doubt, but we shall find equity. Howbeit, forasmuch as some of our adversarsies have said, that the Bishop is already forestalled, and will not give us such audience as we look for; therefore I am humbly to beseech your Honour, that you will desire the Bishop, by your Letters, to let us have justice; though it be with rigour, so it be justice; our cause is so good that I am sure we shall prevail by it. Thus much I am bold to request of your Honour for Corpus Christi College' sake; or

* [This long passage in italics has never before found its way into the Life by Walton, prefixed to Hooker's Works. The writer in the Critical Review, mentioned in p. viii. notices the omission, and laments it; but he was not aware of the omission being an instance of what some men will do to serve party purposes. Accordingly, the passage might not have been allowed a place because it should not counteract Walton's uncharitable insinuation respecting Cartwright when similarly circumstanced hereafter.]

rather for Christ's sake, whom I beseech to bless you with daily increase of his manifold gifts, and the blessed graces of his Holy Spirit. Your Honour's in Christ to command, JOHN REYNOlds.

"London, Octob. 9, 1579."

This expulsion was by Dr. John Barfoote, then Vice-president of the College, and Chaplain to Ambrose, Earl of Warwick. I cannot learn the pretended cause; but that they were restored the same month is most certain.

I return to Mr. Hooker in his College, where he continued his studies with all quietness for the space of three years; about which time he entered into Sacred Orders, being then made Deacon and Priest; and not long after, was appointed to preach at St. Paul's Cross.

In order to which sermon, to London he came, and immediately to the Shunammite's House; which is a house so called, for that besides the stipend paid the preacher, there is provision made also for his lodging and diet two days before, and one day after his sermon. This house was then kept by John Churchman, sometime a draper of a good note in Watling-street, upon whom poverty had at last come like an armed man, and brought him into a necessitous condition; which, though it be a punishment, is not always an argument of God's disfavour, for he was a virtuous man: I shall not yet give the like testimony of his wife, but leave the reader to judge by what follows. But to this house Mr. Hooker came so wet, so weary, and weatherbeaten, that he was never known to express more passion, than against a friend that dissuaded him from footing it to London, and for finding him no easier an horse, supposing the horse trotted, when he did not; and at this time also, such a faintness and fear possest him, that he would not be persuaded two days' quietness, or any other means could be used to make him able to preach his Sunday's sermon; but a warm bed, and rest, and drink proper for a cold, given him by Mrs. Churchman, and her diligent attendance added unto it, enabled him to perform the office of the day, which was in or about the year 1581.

And in this first public appearance to the world, he was not so happy as to be free from exceptions against a point of doctrine delivered in his sermon, which was, "That in God there were two Wills; an antecedent and a consequent Will: his first Will, That all mankind should be saved; but his second Will was, That those only should be saved, that did live answerable to that degree of grace which he had offered or afforded them." This seemed to cross a late opinion of Mr. Calvin's, and then taken for granted by many that had not a capacity to examine it, as it had been by him before, and hath been since by Master Henry Mason, Dr. Jackson, Dr. Hammond, and others of great learning, who believed that a contrary opinion intrenches upon the honour and justice of our merciful God. How