92 (Binz); Centralblatt 1900, p. 206; Mod. Lang. Notes 6: 29096 (McClumpha).

Chaucer is treated in vol. II. The only drawback to the use of this work by students is its lack of bibliographical references, which ten Brink felt himself compelled to omit. No subsequent writer upon the subject has brought to his work ten Brink's combination of firsthand knowledge as to technical detail, fine literary appreciation, and suggestive genius.

Sprache und Versk. Chaucers Sprache und Verskunst, see p. 478 here

Studien. Chaucer. Studien zur Geschichte seiner Entwicklung und zur Chronologie seiner Schriften. Münster 1870.

In this epoch-making work was first fully discussed the development of Chaucer's genius under the pressure of external influences; and the division of Chaucer's works into "periods" accordingly was first made here. Some of ten Brink's results are questioned by modern scholars; but of this, as of his other works, it is still true that students must reckon with his theories and suggestions.

See note on ten Brink, p. 520 here; and see Index.

Trans. Amer. Philol. Assn. Transactions of the American Philological Association, Roston 1869 ff.

Trial Forew. Furnivall's Trial Forewords, see p. 352 here. Tyrwhitt, Account of the Works of Chaucer: Essay: Introductory Discourse. For the first of these papers by Tyrwhitt, accompanying his edition of the Canterbury Tales, see p. 210 here, under Canon. For his Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer, see p. 471-2 here, also p. 482. His Introductory Discourse is noted p. 210 here, under Sources.

Ward, Catalogue. Catalogue of Romances in the Manuscript Department of the British Museum. H. L. D. Ward. 2 vols., Lond. 1883, 1893. The death of Ward (1906) leaves the work incomplete.

Warton-Hazlitt. Thomas Warton's History of English Poetry was published as follows: vol. I in 1774, with dissertations on the origin of Romantic Fiction in Europe and on the introduction of learning into England; vol. II in 1778; vol. III, with a dissertation on the Gesta Romanorum, in 1781. A second edition of vol. I appeared in 1775, also "Emendations and Additions" to vol. II, in which use is made of Tyrwhitt's ed. of the Canterbury Tales. At Warton's death, in 1790, he left a small portion of a projected vol. IV, which would have continued the History to Pope; this was however carried no further, and the History does not go beyond the reign of Elizabeth.

In 1824 the work was issued under the editorship of Richard Price, with notes by Ritson, Douce, and other antiquaries; this was reissued, with further changes, in 1840. In 1871 appeared the

edition at present current, in 4 vols., edited by W. C. Hazlitt with the co-operation of a number of scholars, including Furnivall and Henry Sweet. The prefaces and dissertations are placed in vol. I; vol. II covers the time from the Anglo-Saxon period to Chaucer; vol. III, Chaucer to Surrey; vol. IV, Writers of the XVI century. According to a statement made by Furnival in Trial Forew. p. 99, he is the adviser alluded to in Hazlitt's preface p. ix, at whose suggestion "the wrong, obsolete, and insufficient parts" of Warton were cut out, and "made right by insertions in brackets." Also "large additions" were made, and "all the notes incorporated with the texts."

Of this edition Sidney Lee says in the Dict. Nat. Biog., art. Warton, that Warton's text was "ruthlessly abbreviated or extended in an illadvised attempt to bring the information up to the latest level of philological research." Of the work in its original form Lee says that it "is impregnated by an intellectual vigor which reconciles the educated reader to almost all its irregularities and defects." In these opinions every Early English student will coincide. For all scholarly purposes, the first edition of Warton is much the most desirable, though reference is made to WartonHazlitt because of its greater accessibility. It is not possible to discover from the edition of 1871 what Warton's original statements were, e.g., Warton said, "There is a further proof that the Floure and the Lefe preceded the Confessio Amantis"; which in 1871 becomes "There is [an indication] that the [writer of the] Flower and the Leaf [studied] the Confessio Amantis."

Another edition of the first Warton has not the "Emendations and Additions" at the end of vol. II, but has at the close of vol. III a separately paged "Observations on the Three First Volumes of the History of English Poetry, in a Familiar Letter to the Author." This letter, of 1782, is by Joseph Ritson, and is expressed in Ritson's usual violent and abusive style. He terms Warton's work "an injudicious farrago, a gallimaufry of things which do and do not belong to the subject,-a continued tissue of falsehood from beginning to end." He advises Warton to consult Tyrwhitt in revising his work; and it may be noted that the Emendations and Additions, when they appeared, contained, as above remarked, frequent allusions to Tyrwhitt. Ritson was severely censured for the disregard of decency in this attack upon Warton.

On Warton see Courthope, Hist. Eng. Poetry I, preface. Wright. Anecdota Litteraria. Lond. 1844. A collection of English, French, and Latin poems of the 13th century.

Anglo-Latin Satirical Poets of the Twelfth Century. 2 vols.
Rolls Series, Lond. 1872.

Political Poems and Songs from Edward III to Henry VIII. 2 vols., Rolls Series, Lond. 1859-61.

Specimens of Lyric Poetry of the Reign of Edward I. Lond. 1842.

Thomas Wright, English antiquary, 1819-1877, was author or editor of over 120 works dealing with medieval England and its literature; his studies have been printed by the Percy Society, the Camden Society, the Rolls Series, and the Roxburghe Club, etc. He was well known and of high reputation in his own time, but later opinion of him is thus summed up by Lee in Dict. Nat. Biog.:-"Nearly all his philological books are defaced by errors of transcription and extraordinary misinterpretations of Latin and

Early English and Early French words and phrases. But as a pioneer in the study of Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature and on British archaeology he deserves grateful remembrance." Wright and Halliwell together edited the Reliq. Antiq., q.v. Wülker, Altengl. Lesebuch. Altenglisches Lesebuch, ed. R. P. Wülker. Halle 1874, 2 vols.

Gesch. d. engl. Lit. Geschichte der englischen Literatur. Leipzig 1896. Of no independent value.

Ztschr. f. roman. Phil. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie. Halle 1877 ff.

Ztschr. f. vergl. Littgesch. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Litteraturgeschichte. New Series, Berlin 1887 ff.

INDEX

A fragment of the Cant. Tales, | Alexandrines in Chaucer, 499.

Ainsworth, worked on Urry Chau- Arundel 140, manuscript of Cant.

Ashburnham 127, manuscript of Bech, on the Legend of Good

Autotypes, Chaucer Society, 527, Benvenuto da Imola, cited, 269.