On Naval Timber and Arboriculture: With Critical Notes on Authors who Have Recently Treated the Subject of Planting |
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Common terms and phrases
acquire afford annual ash tree bark become beech bend branches bulb carse clay climate cold colour Coniferę considerable cover crooked timber crooks crop decay deposit dry rot earth English elm especially evaporation exposed extend feeders feet fibre forest frost greater ground growing growth heat inches inferior influence injury kinds of trees knees larch layers leaders leaves liable light lime luxuriant manure matter matured wood moist moisture mould natural naval timber nearly necessary neral nursery Pinus sylvestris pitch pine plank plantations pruning quantity red pine removed render resinous rieties roots sap-wood Scotland Scots fir season seed seed-bed shelter shoots side silver fir Sir Henry situation soil soon sown spring stem strength subsoil sufficient superior surface tannin thence thickness thin throw tion transplanting twigs varieties vegetable vessels willow wind Withers
Popular passages
Page 357 - ... of climate — whose figure is best accommodated to health, strength, defence, and support — whose capacities and instincts can best regulate the physical energies to self-advantage according to circumstances, in such immense waste of primary and youthful life — those only come forward to maturity, from the strict ordeal by which nature tests their adaptation to her standard of perfection, and fitness to continue their kind by reproduction.
Page 213 - A celebrated politician used to say he would willingly bring in one bill to make poaching felony, another to encourage the breed of foxes, and a third to revive the decayed amusements of cock-fighting and...
Page 336 - THERE is a law universal in nature, tending to render every reproductive being the best possibly suited to its condition that its kind, or that organized matter, is susceptible of, which appears intended to model the physical and mental or instinctive powers, to their highest perfection, and to continue them so. This law sustains the lion in his strength, the hare -ss, and the fox in his wiles.
Page 356 - ... what is necessary to fill up the vacancies caused by senile decay. As the field of existence is limited and preoccupied, it is only the hardier, more robust, better suited to circumstance individuals, who are able to struggle forward to maturity, these inhabiting only the situations to which they have superior adaptation and greater power of occupancy than any other kind; the weaker and less circumstance-suited being prematurely destroyed. This principle is in constant...
Page 358 - ... commences, under the different phases of egg, larva, pupa, or if much consciousness of individuality exists. The continuation of reproduction for several generations by the females alone in some of these tribes, tends to the probability of the greater continuity of existence, and the subdivisions of life by cuttings (even in animal life) at any rate must stagger the advocate of individuality. "Among the millions of specific varieties of living things which occupy the humid portion of the surface...
Page 236 - ... large a trunk, and also for furnishing a cover to shield it from the elements. Thirdly, their superior thickness and induration of bark is, in like manner, bestowed for the protection of the sap-vessels, that lie immediately under it, and which, without such defence from cold, could not perform their functions. Fourthly, their greater number and variety of roots are for the double purpose of nourishment and strength ; nourishment to support a mass of such magnitude, and strength to contend with...
Page 354 - When we view the immense calcareous and bituminous formations, principally from the waters and atmosphere, and consider the oxidations and depositions which have taken place, either gradually, or during some of the great convulsions, it appears at least probable, that the liquid elements containing life have varied considerably at different times in composition and weight; that our atmosphere has contained a much greater proportion of carbonic acid or oxygen; and our waters aided by excess of carbonic...
Page 246 - ... of additional particles, throughout its whole extent, at least in its soft and succulent state. The extension of the shoot, as Du Hamel justly remarks, is inversely as its induration, rapid while it remains herbaceous, but slow as it is converted into wood. Hence, moisture and shade are the circumstances of all others the most favourable to elongation, because they prevent induration, or retard...
Page 360 - He has now acquired a dominion over the material world and a consequent power of increase, so as to render it probable that the whole surface of the earth may soon be overrun by this engrossing anomaly, to the annihilation of every wonderful and beautiful variety of animated existence which does not administer to his wants principally as laboratories of preparation to befit cruder elemental matter for assimilation by his organs.
Page 353 - ... floundering between species and variety, which certainly under culture soften into each other. A particular conformity, each after its own kind, when in a state of nature, termed species, no doubt exists to a considerable degree. This conformity has existed during the last forty centuries ; geologists discover a like particular conformity — fossil species — through the deep deposition of each great epoch ; but they also discover an almost complete difference to exist between the species or...