hundred who, deterred by their fears, suppress them, and remain for ever dead to the vitality of religion, and observers only of its outward forms yet to these peculiarly should kind encouragement be given; for being of a reflecting turn of mind, they would in time become pre-eminently fitted to aid the progress of others, and it is not improbable that men of the greatest genius have been confirmed in their first slight aberrations by the indiscretion and violence of mistaken zeal. This hostility substituted for friendly advice is so utterly repugnant to the benevolence of Christianity, to the example of Christ himself, and to his express prohibitions -for he reproved those who condemned even heinous offences-that zeal for the propagation of the Gospel is a plea totally inadmissible. No one can exhibit true credentials who persecutes; and censure for opinions conscientiously held is, to the sensitive mind, the most painful of all persecutions: besides, experience has long since proved that reproach, though it may impose silence, never convinces."

On turning up at random another part of the work, we find these remarkably forcible words-" Wherever I find antipathy to others on account of their opinions, I cannot recognise Christianity; the dislike of others in consequence of their opinions, generally exceeds the love for them as Christians or as men." "It has been justly remarked by some one that we must learn to tolerate intolerance." We can only find space for a practical confirmation of these senti

ments.

"The little Flock' comprehends those who have renounced all and taken up the cross; and as Christ commanded them to love even their enemies, and those who despitefully use them, small as is the number, it will be found to consist of individuals from almost every sect; these are they who do some good in their generation, who stamp their own characters on the age in which they live, and who help to dispel some of the darkness with which ignorance and prejudice have invested the truths of religion. A friend of mine last year visited Newgate, and witnessed a most interesting scene. He found a party, consisting of Mrs. Fry, with a lady of the Unitarian sect, a dissenting clergyman of another sect, a Christian not attached to any particular denomination, and Mr. Owen. Here were five individuals, all differing from each other in opinion on the subject of religion, but united in the work of benevolence. After the minister had addressed in a conscientious manner about seventy convicts under sentence of transportation, in the general terms of solemn religious exhortation, but without producing any apparent effect, Mr. Owen was requested to say a few words to them; when such was the feeling and commiseration with which he deplored their unhappy lot, and reminded them how much they might alleviate their sufferings, by the exercise of kindness to each other, that all were in tears, and seemed to regard him with emotions of gratitude and veneration: the matron or superintendent said that she had never before beheld in the prison a scene so affecting. "Bertrand.-Recollect that Mr. Owen was indebted for those feelings to his Christian education, whatever may be his present opinions.

"Fitzosborne.-With him the Christian spirit should appear to remain in a stronger degree than with many who are over anxious about points of doctrine."

VOL. III. (1837). No. IV.

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ART. II.-A Residence in Greece and Turkey; with Notes of the Journey through Bulgaria, Servia, Hungary, and the Balkan. By FRANCIS HERVE, Esq, Illustrated by tinted Lithographic Engravings, from Drawings by the Author. 2 vols. Whittaker and Co.

THE principal title of these two goodly volumes is not one that will beget much favourable expectation, seeing that Greece and Turkey have of late been so frequently the subjects which English tourists have described and treated of. Even the hope which their magnitude may create will be considerably lowered, should the reader's eye happen at first to fall upon the following announcement:-" At dusk we came to a halt at a small village, the name of which I forget, but think it was Pirodas. Of many others, also, I am in doubt, a deficiency that it is not in my power to rectify, having, unfortunately, had a portmanteau stolen in London, with all my memoranda, four years of journals, and nearly three hundred sketches, taken in different parts of the East; therefore the reader must pardon any inaccuracy which may appear in the names of persons and places, and attribute it to the right cause, which is, that I write from memory alone." We must add, however, that the unfavourable presumptions alluded to, will very speedily be corrected by the contents of the book; for though nothing appears in its pages to convince us that the author is either a man of great learning or habituated to pursue profound reflections, a great deal that is amusing both in manner and matter drops from his pen.

Mr. Hervé is not only one of the most rapid travellers we ever had the pleasure to meet with, and communicative as he is excursive, but he has a quick eye for detecting the outward characteristics of persons, scenes, and occurrences; while his self-complacency is such as never to allow his narrative to fail in conveying a picture of his own mind. There is nothing mawkish or sickly in his sentiments; he is not even a flatterer of the great ones of the earth with whom he has come in contact. It is quite clear that he describes things just as they appeared to him, and, having a most retentive memory, that he enriches his statements of facts with certain peculiarities of inference that smacks of great independency of mind, and, indeed, of the air of originality.

The author's condition and habits are plainly disclosed by him. Indeed he admits that his habits are very bad; that is to say, he is an artist, and with "something less than nothing a-year;" he delights to travel at a rate that even in the era when steam conveyance and balloons are so rife is miraculous, for he tells us that he thinks nothing of jumping "from the Archipelago to the other extremity of the Mediterranean, from thence cross the English or Irish channel, as caprice may dictate, with a rapidity surpassing any travelling

yet performed." When we bear in mind that along with this capacity and taste for speedy locomotion, he has wielded the pencil from his infancy, the conclusion is naturally arrived at, that something after the manner of Goldsmith he makes his ever-ready talents as an artist pay for all.

In this professional line he visited the court of Greece; Smyrna, Constantinople, and many other places obtaining the devotion of his pen and pencil. It is unnecessary, either as respects justice towards the author or our readers, to do much more than tie together a few of his most interesting descriptions, all of which, it will be observed, betray the eye and the habits of an artist, but an artist who stoops not to flatter, little things often putting him out of sorts, so that his annoyances rather too frequently form the subject of complaint to allow us to accord to him the character of a philosopher. "Little forbidden beings" torment him at one place. At Napoli, certain" sublime aspirations" were put to flight, by the circumstance of custom-house officers asking for the keys of his trunks, and even King Otho looks no better than a grocer's apprentice or a good lad whose master has just patted on the head. Here is this monarch's likeness according to Mr. Hervé's style.

"When one beholds a sovereign, we generally look at him with a very scrutinizing eye, endeavouring to discern a something beyond the ordinary stamp of man. To make any discovery of that description in Otho, must require a being of superior penetration: at any rate I must confess my own deficiency in that respect, never having been able to perceive that majesty of appearance in the young King which we naturally imagine the attribute of monarchs. His countenance is ever replete with the expression of goodnature, and is in that instance a faithful index of his character. He is in stature about the middle height, perhaps rather above-may be from five feet nine to ten inches; would appear taller if he did not wear his hair so flat to his head-as though it were gummed thereon; and as if to preserve it constantly in an unruffled state, he has a habit ever and anon of stroking it down with his hand, thereby retaining it in the most perfect and obedient state of smoothness that man could desire. I never saw one rebel hair astray: happy would he be could he keep his subjects in the same state of subordination. But I suspect that this extreme neatness of coiffeur assists in giving him the air of a grocer's apprentice when dressed in his Sunday clothes, that is to say, those of Bishopsgate Street or Holborn, as those of the west end are more stylish-looking fellows than King Otho: and, indeed, he has other symptoms which savour of the grocer's shop; having a curious knack of continually giving innumerable little nods of his head, which one might be led to imagine he had acquired from endeavouring to emulate those Chinese figures, the usual appendages of dealers in groceries. The comparison may be carried still further: nothing can be more inoffensive than the physiognomy of those images; but undoubtedly that of the King's is as much so. In fact, he always appeared to me to have the expression of a good lad whose master has just patted him on the head, and said to him, "There's a good boy;" thus giving the youth an air of satisfaction with himself and all the world."

We are also told that Otho's colloquial powers are not of the firstrate order, if the author is to judge of them by the manner in which he spoke French. He is also "deaf with one ear," while the author with his usual bad tact," always contrived to get on the deaf side," so that their conversation had no other merit than its brevity.

Mr. Hervé, however, will not join in opinion with some English newspaper writers who wickedly call Otho "the ugly king of Greece," because his exceeding good nature is inconsistent with the term ugly. At the same time the best way to describe him, continues our author, is to quote the words of one of the ambassadors of his own court, who observed, "that when his features were quiet, he was very passable: but the moment he spoke or laughed, his whole face tumbled to pieces.' "On these occasions," adds the writer," had not Providence, in all its gracious mercy, placed his ears remarkably far back, they must have long since fallen a sacrifice to the threatened invasions of his mouth."

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Many travellers have been lavish in their encomiums upon Greek ladies, but our author has beheld them in a different light. He says

"Amongst the brightest ornaments which adorned the court of Otho, none were so brilliant as the three daughters of Count d'Armansperg, who might justly be compared to the three Graces. If not handsome, yet extremely pleasing in their persons, agreeable in their manners, and elegant in their deportment, they gracefully floated through the mazes of the waltz, forming a most striking contrast to most of the Greek ladies, who rolled about like a parcel of heavy tubs one after the other, assisted in their progress, as they were lugged along, by those who had the misfortune of being their partners, whom I have often heard declare that the next day it was impossible to write, or in any way use their arms, after the fatigue of spinning round one of these cumbrous ladies. Not that they were by any means tall or large women; on the contrary, generally very short, certainly often thick, and that sort of dead weight which is difficult to wheel about. Often have I pitied the King, who, though young and slight, and not possessing, think, much physical strength, yet out of pure kindness of heart would ask one of the aforesaid drags to waltz with him; who became so elated and bewildered at the idea of being encircled within the arm of a king, that it required no common exertion, paralyzed and motionless as they were, to turn and twist about a heavy machine of that description."

In fact Mr. Hervé gives a very forbidding picture of the Greeks in general, even morally speaking; nor do the Bavarian followers of the King stand high in the writer's estimation. In the first place they are exceedingly ugly. They are also mean adventurers, endeavouring to Germanize everything that is Greek. But to keep by the latter people, we gather a few more traits that are amusingly described.

"Many foreigners imagine that the Greeks are deficient in personal courage, because they will take a blow from those whom they consider as

Europeans without resenting it; but they have an idea of the superiority of those who come from civilised countries, and regard them almost in the same light as the horse does his rider, and never would dream of exerting their physical strength against beings they regard as of a more elevated species than themselves. From any one that they conceive an equal, they would not endure for an instant what they considered an insult. Although the Greeks are so totally destitude of any idea of the art of painting, they are very fond of displaying their graphic powers on their houses, by adorning them with borders formed by designs of landscapes, of houses, trees, and figures, which rival each other in stiffness. I was much amused by the manner in which the Greeks handle a picture. When you present them a miniature, or portrait of any one, instead of holding it as we should with the head upwards, they always turn it with the side of the picture so placed as to form the base, and sometimes they will twist it upside down altogether, but never by any chance do they hold it in that direction that a rational being would. The ex-monarch (late governor) of Napoli had his son's likeness taken in profile; and the grandmother of the child, when shown the picture, was very indignant at there being but one eye. I endeavoured to make her understand, through the medium of an interpreter, that the other eye was on the other side, meaning of course the other side of the head; but the old lady mistaking what was meant, turned the paper round, expecting to find the other eye on the other side of the paper. But in this idea she was not alone, as I once saw a miniature painted in Russia, which in front represented a reasonable looking being. I was told to turn it round, when I found the back of the head and shoulders painted so as to correspond with the front; and I found that the original had given regular sittings for both sides of the picture, so that they had a sort of double likeness, and I was assured that the one side was as striking as the other; and nothing could convince the parties to whom this curiosity belonged, but that if I would introduce that style of portrait, (that is, back and front on the same picture,) in civilized Europe, I should make my fortune. One art there is in which the Greeks excel, and that is embroidery, in which they display the greatest taste, and by its aid so considerably add to the beauty of their costumes.

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The Greeks of the present day are perhaps as mixed a race as any in Europe; and the major part of them would be very much puzzled to trace their ancestry to very remote antiquity. Certainly there are the Canteeuzenos and the Pallialogos, who undoubtedly are amongst the most ancient families in Europe. Greece has had many masters; and each appears to have left some specimens of their breed. Migrations from Asia have also often added to the population of Greece; hence must have arisen that Jewish style of countenance so frequent amongst many of the handsomest Greeks. In fact, their features have a more eastern cast than might be expected of Europeans; and every vestige we have in sculpture of the ancient Greeks, presents quite a different style of physiognomy from the present race. The outline of the face was much straighter, and the features smaller; and even in the representation of their most sturdy heroes, no resemblance can be traced of the enormous noses, so prevalent in modern Greece, and which I suspect are of south-eastern origin. In passing through the country, I have sometimes seen that beautiful line of feature