(b) This word must have come through the French. Examples of Greek Names of Plants, etc. Norman French, from A.D. 1041 to A.D. 1362. Norman words feudalism and war. Norman French. The Norman-French in English was first introduced in the reign of Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, more plenteously, under the Norman kings. It consists chiefly of words used in feudalism, relating to war, law, and the chase: as, aid, armour, assault, baron, battle, captain, chivalry, count, esquire, fealty, guardian, homage, hostage, lance, challenge, peer, duke, tenant, trumpet, vassal, ward, warrant, villain, etc. Relating to law. Relating to the chase, etc. Of a miscellaneous nature. Latin III. from A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1500. Advocate, arrest, assize, estate, judge, plaint, statute, sue, suit, service, treasure, prison, etc. Bay, brace, covert, falcon, forest, park, quarry, sport, venison, beef, mutton, pork, veal, etc. Annoy, attire, change, crown, cry, country, mountain, power, peace, route, etc. LATIN OF THE THIRD PERIOD. This was introduced between the battle of Hastings and the Reformation. It relates to religious, learned, and legal matters. LATIN OF THE FOURTH PERIOD. from A.D. 1500 to This class of Latin words was introduced Latin IV. between the Reformation and the present century, in the writings of the learned. It differs from the words introduced from the Latin at other periods : : (1.) By being less altered in form: as, axis, from Lat. axis; apex, from Lat. apex, etc. (2.) By preserving the Latin form of the plural in the nouns: as, axis, plural axes; apex, plural apices; index, plural indices, etc. (3.) In that it relates to objects and ideas for which the increase of science demanded names; as formula, nebula, superficies, momentum, etc. A.D. 1800. Character istics. Side by side with this Latin were introduced Greek. Greek words, preserving their own plural inflections, and relating to the same objects as the Latin of this period; as, phenomenon, dogma, chrysalis, automaton, etc. Examples of Latin of the Fourth Period. Words ending in -a and forming their plurals Examples of Examples. (c) These words are of Greek derivation, but are included in this class, as they follow the Latin rule in forming their plurals. Words ending in -a, and forming their plural Words ending in -us, and forming their plural in us apparatus, apparatus; impetus, impetus. Words ending in -es, and forming their plural in -es series, series; species, species. Word ending in -us, and forming their plural in -era genus, genera. Examples of Greek Plurals. Words ending in -on, and forming their plural in -a: plural in -ides: cantharis, cantharides; chry- Examples. salis, chrysalides. Words ending in -a, and forming their plural in -ata: dogma, dogmata; lemma, lemmata. Greek. Words not relating to science, of the Latin Latin IV. of the fourth period, which are fully naturalized, and form their inflections after the English manner : Ambitious, artificial, cogitation, controversy, dimension, fastidious, indignity, numerous, ostentation, participate, etc. LATIN OF THE FIFTH PERIOD. This class includes all words from the Latin Latin V. or Greek, introduced in the present century. They are more correctly formed and more fully naturalized than the Latin words of the fourth period. They chiefly relate to the improvements in the application of science in the present century. Examples of Latin of the Fifth Period. Terminus, dentist, oculist, locomotive, centri- Examples. fugal, eccentric, emigrant, binocular, tertiary, granite, exhume, descriptive, incipient, respectable, socialism, etc. Examples of Greek of the same Period. Biology, geology, lithograph, panorama, Greek. photograph, telegraph, telegram, stereoscope, microscope, epidemic, phrenology, etc. Miscellane ous words Besides the above, the English language in English. contains words borrowed from almost every Arabic. Hebrew. Persian. Hindustani. Chinese. Caribbean. Malay. language in the world. Examples of Miscellaneous Words in English. Admiral, alchemy, alcohol, alembic, algebra, alkali, almanac, amber, arrack, arsenal, artichoke, assassin, caliph, camphor, carat, caravan, chemistry, cipher, civet, coffee, cotton, crimson, elixir, emir, fakir, gazelle, giraffe, lute, magazine, mameluke, minaret, monsoon, moslem, mosque, mufti, mummy, nadir, naphtha, sultan, syrup, talisman, tariff, vizier, zenith, zero. Abbey, abbot, amen, behemoth, cabal, cherub, ephod, gehenna, hallelujah, hosanna, jubilee, leviathan, manna, sabbath, seraph, shibboleth. Azure, balcony, barbican, bashaw, bazaar, checkmate, chess, dervise, emerald, hookah, indigo, jackall, lilac, musk, orange, paradise, pawn (in chess), saraband, scimitar, sepoy, shawl, sherbet, simoom, taffeta, tiffin, turban. Batta, buggy, bungalow, calico, coolie, cowrie, dimity, jungle, lac, loot, mullagatawny, pagoda, palanquin, pariah, punch, pundit, rajah, rupee, sugar, suttee, toddy. Bohea, congou, hyson, nankeen, pekoe, satin, tea. Hammock. Amuck, bamboo, bantam, caddy, caoutchouc, chintz, cockatoo, curry, gamboge, godown, gutta-percha, junk, mango, orang-outang, rattan, sago, shaddock. |