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The Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries held its annual meeting, at the Palace of Christiansborg, on the 29th of April, under the presidency of his majesty the KING OF DENMARK. The Vice-President, C. F. WEGENER, Keeper of the Private Archives, read, by the desire of his majesty, a paper on a stone from Norway, now at Jägerspriis, covered with German or so-called Anglo-Saxon runes. The Secretary, Professor CHARLES C. RAFN, Counsellor of State, then communicated an account of the operations and condition of the Society during the year 1854, and exhibited the volume of the Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed (Annals of Northern Archæology) for the year 1853, and the volumes of the Antiquarisk Tidsskrift (Antiquarian Journal) for the years 1852 and 1853; he also laid before the Society the first number of a poetical Lexicon of the Icelandic or Old-Northern tongue, compiled by the late Dr. Sveinbjörn Egilsson. An account of a second journey to the Foröes, made in the summer of 1853, for the purpose of completing his collection of ballads, popular traditions, etc., was received from B. U. HAMMERSHAIMB. At the request of the directors of the Society, he had assumed the task of noting down the local names of places on those islands, and seven special charts of the different parishes had been furnished him for that purpose. At the fall meeting of the Society he laid before it specimens of a list containing a large number of local appellations of mountains, hills, rocks, valleys, ravines, springs, bays, fishing-banks, concealed rocks, etc., which are to be met with on or near Baagö, one of the group. On this island he had remained sufficiently long to enable him to visit all the hamlets, and thus to obtain a *This brief abstract of the proceedings of the learned Copenhagen Association, at its late yearly meeting, has been communicated to me in Danish by the courtesy of its Per petual Secretary, the distinguished CHARLES C. RAFN. Its persevering and successful labors in bringing to light what ever concerns the history of our continent prior to the days of Columbus, and in establishing a Cabinet of American Antiquities at Copenhagen (unique in its kind in Europe), claim and will receive the gratitude of all Americans. This merit of the Society, and the fact that it numbers among its members many of our cis-Atlantic scholars and antiquarians, have induced me to request a place for this translated account of its last movements in the Gazette. The learning and zeal of RASK, MAGNUSSON, PETERSEN, WORSAAE, RAFN, have placed this body of scholars at the head of all the archæological associations of Europe. MUNCH, and, above all, of the assiduous and investigating F. By Dr. CHARLES HASE, Professor in Jena. Translated from the seventh German edition, by Prof. C. E. Blumenthal and Rev. C. P. Wing. [New York: Appleton.] 8vo. pp. 720.. We welcome this manual as a valuable accession to our literature of general church history. It has peculiar excellencies, which have won for it a high estimation in Germany. In arrangement and mode of treatment it is almost the model of a compendium. . In accordance with a proposal made by Jón SIGUROSSON, Keeper of the Archives, the Society commissioned MAGNUS GRIMSSON, of Reykjavík, to make special investigations into the ancient Geography and the Antiquities of Iceland, and drew up and sent to him a careful and complete set of instructions. The first results of his explorations, embracing the southern portion of Gull- To make a good compendium of a wide subbringu Sýsla, had just been received. He ex-ject is so difficult an art, that very few scholars pects, especially, to be able to give an extremely satisfactory account of the first settlement by Ingólf, and of Kjalarnes, the place where the early assembly or court was held. abridgment, nor an extract, but a faithful miniature. The outline must be traced with a fine hand, and all the parts filled up with the skillful touches of the pencil. have been found to excel in it. A mere dry abstract is an almost mechanical labor, which requires no genius, and shows little art; but a life-like compendium demands a comprehensive Dr. H. RINK, lately appointed Inspector in knowledge of the subject, and an ability to deSouthern Greenland, had forwarded to the Cab-pict its characteristic details, as well as to select inet of American Antiquities several curiosities its prominent features. It should not be an discovered in the course of excavations in the churchyard at Herjúlfsnes-relics from the period of the ancient European colonization. The same gentleman had also contributed to the Greenlandic department of the Society's HistoricoIn this difficult attainment Dr. Hase has an Antiquarian Archives a newly-drawn map of unquestioned superiority. His other writings, the district of Julianehaab, based upon the his system of Doctrinal Theology, his compenchart of the old Eystribygð, which was pub-dium of Lutheran Theology, under the title lished in the Grönlands Historiske Mindesmarker"Hutterus Redivivus," and his "Life of Jesus,” (the Historical Monuments of Greenland), with have all passed through repeated editions, and such corrections and additions as his extended are valuable for their condensed learning. But travels among the fjords of that district had his Manual of Church History is his chief work, enabled him to make. He had forwarded, too, elaborated with the greatest care, conscientiousa number of ground-plans and views of remark-ly revised in each new edition, and carrying to able European ruins in that portion of Green- a high degree of art the portraiture of the men land. Among these are some drawings of the and the description of the conflicts and periods ruins of the church at Herjúlfsnes, a tongue of in the history of the church. His theological land which received its name from Herjúlf, who position is independent; one of his earlier works settled there in 986, the same year in which his was an assault upon what he termed the "vulson, Bjarni, first saw the more southern shores gar Rationalism" of Röhr and Wegscheider and of Massachusetts, Nova Scotia, and Newfound- the men of that school; he has even less sympa land; some plans of the existing remains of the thy with the "Pietists," and is intolerant of the cathedral and other buildings at the episcopal dogmatists. Yet he stands upon the firm basis see of Garðar; and a sketch of the ruins of the of historical Christianity, in distinction from the house occupied by the lagmaður at Bratthalíð,idealism of the Pantheistic school. He has where porfinn Karlsefni and Guðríð þorbjarnar- taken part in the current controversies of the dóttir, in the winter of 1006-7, celebrated their times, being likewise the author of a work on marriage festival previous to commencing their the Principles of German Ecclesiastical Law, remarkable voyage of discovery to the more southern regions of North America-the present Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Mr. KLEINSCHMIDT, the missionary at New Herrnhut, had communicated some notes on the chorography and ancient geography of Greenland, comprising corrections to the map of the Julianehaab District in regard to several fjords which he had had an opportunity of visiting and exploring. Accompanying the communications of these two gentlemen-communications worthy of a more thorough examination—were many other notices and observations, throwing further light upon the various matters treated of in the different works published by the Society on the early history of Greenland and the discovery of America by the Northmen. and of an historical resumé of the Prussian controversy with the Archbishop of Cologne. His latest treatise is an examination of the views of the Tübingen school in respect to the early history of the Christian church, disavowing their extreme and destructive speculations. As compared with the other current works upon Church History, this volume of Dr. Hase has some peculiar merits to commend it to the general reader. It brings down the history nearly to the present times. It is superior to any work in giving the special characteristics of the great teachers and rulers and reformers of the church in a graphic style. We can no where find a more vivid description of Origen and Chrysostom, of St. Anthony, of Bernard and Abelard, of Hildebrand and Innocent III., of Lu In the arrangement of the materials of the history in each period, Dr. Hase follows no one exclusive order, and this is a wise course. The rage for a perfectly analogous scheme in each period has led many German writers to give a false impression of portions of the history; for, what may be most prominent in one period, sinks into insignificance at other times. In the first period, for example, the first division of this manual treats of the Establishment of the Church; the second, of the Formation of the tion as our own, even in our own land. Some one has complained that only eight or ten lines were devoted to one of the sects in this country; but less space is also given to some larger denominations. We hope, that in a subsequent edition, this section may be again rewritten, with fuller details and dates, and with a general estimate of the relation of our ecclesiastical history to the general history of the church. The volume is brought out by the Appletons in their usual excellent style. It makes a substantial and handsome octavo. We hope it will find, as it deserves, many buyers and readers, not only among the clergy, but also among literary men of other professions. Any intelligent person, who wishes to get a clear account of the general history of the Christian church, cannot well afford to be without this volume. If he has previously imagined that church history is the driest of all dry reading, he will here find it clothed with the graces of scholarship and taste. If any dullness seems to remain, it will not be the fault of Dr. Hase. ther and Calvin, nor of the great controversies, write, we think unnecessarily, "Charles the parties, and tendencies of ancient, medieval, and Great"); the third, from Charlemagne to Innomodern times, than in these sparkling and life- cent III, the height of the Papacy; the fourth, like pages. Past men seem to live again; we from Innocent III. to Luther; the fifth, to the hear them speak; we see them act. Past times Peace of Westphalia; and the sixth, from that are evoked, with all their stirring incidents. epoch to the present time. This general division He strives after an historical impartiality. His of the periods is as complete, perhaps, as any representations are, of course, colored by his that can be made. own views; but these are not obtruded upon the reader. Every line reveals the scholar and the artist. The most felicitous allusions and citations, and the most characteristic and minute details are every where wrought into the texture of the narrative. These are so pertinent and abundant that, in a cursory perusal, we are hardly conscious of the extent of the learning and of the finished accuracy of the delineations. But, after reading more voluminous writings, and after studying the same men and periods, if we recur to the pages of Dr. Hase, we are sur-Catholic Church, in four chapters, viz.: 1. "Strugprised to see how much he has condensed into gle of the Church for its own existence;" 2. "Sothe smallest compass, and how almost every cial Constitution of the Church;" 3. "Ecclesias. phrase assumes a new significance. tical Life;" 4. "Doctrines of the Church and the For the general reader, this work also presents Conflicting Opinions." In the second period, the first division comprises the Imperial Church, and great attractions, in the mode in which the authe second, the Germanic Church, with appro- thor connects the history of the Christian church with the course of civil history, with the propriate subdivisions. This analysis we need not further present, but a study of the Table of Congress of civilization and art, and with the different successive systems of philosophical speculatents would give to almost any one a fair conception of the general course and characteristics tion. So admirably is this done, that the most abiding impression left by the volume is, that the of Christian history, in a clear outline. Christian church is the very center of all history, The labor of translating such a work must have and that culture, thought and art, in their highbeen very great. Only those well versed in both est forms, are the allies of the Christian faith. the German idiom and in church history could All history, all real human progress, is seen to expect even a tolerable measure of success. This center in Christ and his church. This is the cendifficult task has been well accomplished by Pro-tral point of view, from which all history, as fessor Blumenthal and Rev. C. P. Wing, both of well as church history, is to be scientifically conCarlisle. Pennsylvania has given us Schaff's structed. As Dr. Hase said, in a motto prefixed History of the Apostolic Church, one of the best to a former edition of this manual, "The Lord expositions, notwithstanding the author's pecu- of the Times is God, the turning-point of the liar views, of the first century of our Christian Times is Christ, the true spirit of the Times is era; and now we have from the same State this the Holy Spirit." manual, prepared with great fidelity. No translation could reproduce, in the same compass, a work of such rare excellencies of style and select graces of German idioms. It would require a talent almost equal to that of the original author. But the translation has been carefully and conscientiously executed. It reads well in English. Traces of German idiom are left by the praiseworthy desire to be as accurate as possible. A free paraphrase is often necessary to make the German thought intelligible to the English reader. That part of the history which relates to this country has been entirely rewritten for The arrangement and internal structure of the this edition. It might easily have been made work are exceedingly simple and clear. An In- more full, without seeming disproportionate. troduction gives the plan and a capital criticism The space to which the writers restricted themof the Literature of Church History. The whole selves has prevented them from giving as clear History is divided into three portions-the An- and full a view of the special characteristics of cient, Mediæval, and Modern. The epoch of the our church history as many would desire to see. division between the ancient and medieval is But, as it stands, it is far better than the section made with the reign of Charlemagne, in con- in the original work: for Dr. Hase seems to have formity with all the recent German treatises. been sadly deficient in the materials for ascerThe Reformation gives, of course, the dividing taining what this country has been doing for the line between the Medieval and Modern History. Christian church. He, and most German writers, The subdivision is into six periods-the first, find here only the confusion of sects, without from Christ to Constantine; the second, from any general characteristics or aims. No portion Constantine to Charlemagne (the translators of church history has received so slight elucida Neander's church history is more full, its learning is much greater, its tone is warmer, its Christian sympathies are more palpable; but it is an unfinished work, and it lacks the grace of style, and the power of individualizing and definite description, which mark the pages of this manual. The Church History of Gieseler will always be 'indispensable to the scholar who wishes to be referred most directly to the original authorities and the authentic documentary statements. This great work, now completed to 1648, will be brought down to the present time, under the able editorship of Pofessor Redepenning. Yet, with all these excellencies, it presents few attractions to the general reader: its style is unadorned; its tone is rather hard and dry. The scholar goes to it for use, and not for literary gratification. But no one can read Dr. Hase without being arrested by his antithetic sentences, his sharp criticism, his fine sarcasm, his bold yet graceful historical painting. Though his sympathies are opposed to the most current orthodox formulas, yet he gives these in all their definiteness; though his idea of the Christian church is very vague and undefined, he still describes, in all their distinctness, the most decided forms of ecclesiasticism. Speaking of a criticism which compared him unfavorably with Neander, he says, "No one should expect to gather grapes of thorns, though possibly roses may be found on them," and no apter comparison could well be made. INTERNAL EVIDENCES OF THE GENUINENESS OF THE A TRANSLATION OF THE GOSPELS, AND NOTES. 2 These are two posthumous and unfinished works of the distinguished author, designed to be supplementary, in effect, to his great work, "The Historical Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels." The two works, though relating to the same subject, are quite different in their scope and character, the former being one of defence, with incidental explanation of the Gospels, and the latter one of explanation, with incidental reference to defence. The "Notes" are, of course, much more distinctly expressive of the peculiar theology of the author, than the Evidences," and will hardly obtain much acceptance beyond the Unitarian body, while the "Evidences" will be welcome to all the friends of historical Christianity, as opposed to the modern essays at converting the plain narratives of the Evangelists into a series of legende, no more deserving of historical credence than the twelve labors of Hercules. The work consists 64 |