eagerness of the large crowd assembled to witness the affair, to such a degree that they pressed up on each side of the line until there was left quite a narrow space, scarcely room enough for the passage of the balls. After the parties had resumed their positions, pistol in hand and triggers set, awaiting the word for a second fire, every thing being as still as death, Mr. Prentiss observed a little boy, who anxious to witness the fun was climbing a sapling in his rear, and said to him: My son, you had better take care: Gen. Foote is shooting rather wild.' The good-humored tone in which the remark was made, the solicitude it implied for the safety of the chiid, the coolness and forgetfulness of self in a situation so trying, elicited a round of applause, which made the forest ring." BOOK NOTICES. Christian Theism: The Testimony of Reason and lishers. The circumstances under which it was writ ten, the importance of the subject on which it treats, and the vast range of the argument required by it, necessarily preclude us, for the present, from passing any opinion on its merits, even if there should be any necessity for our doing so, when we have stated that it is the Prize Essay which won the $9,000 premium left by Mr. Burnett, of Aberdeen, Scotland, in his will, to be awarded every forty years; and that this treatise was selected out of 208, the decision being made by Baden Powell, Henry Rogers, and Isaac Taylor. We will recur to it and state its method in a future number. The Private Life of an Eastern King. By a member of the Household of his late Majesty Nussir-u-deen, King of Oude. J. S. Redfield. The cursory glance we have been able to give this book confirms so far the high character with which it comes from the English critics, that we would not feel justified in disposing of it in a paragraph-wherefore we shall take pleasure in recurring to it in our next number. Panama in 1855. By ROBERT TOMES. New York: This volume is the result of the author's observation during a trip to Panama, on the occasion of the opening of the railroad across the Isthmus, and is a rather clever performance. FRENCH LITERATURE. It is our purpose to keep our readers informed of good publications, and of the progress of literature in France. We shall have sometimes to speak of the authors and works of the past age; for there are some that cannot be too frequently read and recommended. This is one of the great prerogatives of the commerce of thought; its prosperity does not entirely depend on the circumstances of the present; it is often developed in spite of them, being enriched by all the treasures of the past. A good work is always a salutary remedy; it is useful to multiply them at important periods; and we shall only discharge our duty, by laboring to increase the zeal of cultivated minds in the study of good French writers. Books, of which a copy is sent to our office, will be announced and noticed in our columns. Histoire des Etats Unis depuis les Premiers essais de Colonisation jusq' à l'adoption de la Constitution federale (1620—1759.) Par EDOuard la Boulaye, Membre de l' Institut. Tome 1. Histoire des Colonies. Paris: Durand,1855. ther, raise a cairn to show abler and stronger pioneers the distance we had gone and indicate the course they should pursue. and singularly allures by it simple, austere and ori- La Charité pour les morts et la Consolation pour les Vivants. Par J. B. GERGERES; 1855. M. Gergéres is a worthy magistrate; his book does NEW YORK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1855. INTRODUCTORY. The design and purposes of this paper will no doubt be better conveyed by its contents than by any observations we might offer, and it is herewith presented without other comment than an allusion to the unavoidable incompleteness of some departments to which increased interest will be imparted hereafter. While, then, prefering that this number be taken as a specimen of those which are to follow, we may be excused for anticipating some questions which are likely to be suggested on the appearance of any new literary enterprise. No power exercises so potent an influence as literature upon it. It is the universal teacher. Whether it shall sented. We have thus, while allowing the paper to express its own character for the future, indicated the motives which have induced the undertaking and though we may have formed an exaggerated estimate of our own abilities, we feel that we cannot be mistaken as to the sincerity of our intentions. TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions for this paper will receive careful reading, and be deliberately considered. It will be a source of much gratification to introduce to the public through our columns any meritorious aspirant, and at the same time to give such advice to writers, as the power and skill they exhibit may seem to demand. For this purpose we shall, in no unfriendly spirit, express our opinion on the literary merits of such MSS. as may be offered. Our desire is to be of some assistance to those who may be too diffident to present their productions in a more personal manner, as the space we could devote to contributors is very limited. We take the liberty of sending this first copy of the CRITERION to a class of persons who we think are likely to appreciate its contents, and we beg to direct their attention to the prospectus on the last page. For Libraries, Lyceums, and Literary Associations, we conceive this paper to be well adapted. We shall devote especial attention to those institutions, and we invite their officers and members to communicate to us from time to time, such intelligence as they may deem of general interest. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. DOMESTIC. The list of publishers' announcements, for which we are indebted to the American Publishers' Circular, is unusually extensive. In Boston, we observe that LITTLE, BROWN & Co., besides many volumes of law, are soon to issue "The his grandson, Charles Francis Adams;" "The Essays Works of John Adams, with a Life of the Author, by of Lord Bacon;" and several volumes of their series of British Poets. "The Contributions to the Natural History of the United States," by Louis Agassiz, the subscription to which has been so flattering to the author, and honorable to the appreciation of the country, are also to be published by this firm. This department of knowledge will be well represented in Agassiz. If the institutions of this country have not yet the hearts of all who, through the thousand tongued the United States, when we have, in addition to been able to plant themselves in the old world, it is press, address their fellow men. Then, indeed, would Wilson and Audubon, the promised work of Prof. not for want of being known. Their history has not the duty we assume be needless. been neglected; it seems rather to possess a peculiar attraction for those who occupy themselves with the highest problems of civilization. The learned of all countries have been glad to fix their attention on us, and the historians of France have not been less zealous in directing to our side their researches and studies. It is natural that they, whose sword aided us in obtaining freedom, should retain a lively interest in knowing, and making known, the phases of our existence, the principles of popular government, and the great men who have worthily professed and preserved them. It is to still defend a cause which is dear to them-the cause of liberty. The great epoch of the history of the United States is the war of Independence. The period which precedes, though less epic, is not devoid of grandeur; if it does not excite the most generous sentiments of the heart, it awakens profound reflections in the soul, The press, we repeat, is a teacher; in the same sense PHILLIPS, SAMPSON & Co., among many attractive it is a despot, there is no appeal but in revolution; a titles, announce for the 1st December, two vols. of revolution embodied in an individual. If he who wields "The History of the Reign of Philip II.," by William its power should abuse it, should bring upon the judg-H. Prescott; and “English Notes," by Ralph Waldo Emerson. ment-seat the feelings of a partizan, should degrade the judge into an advocate or introduce skillfully disguised, the baser elements of his nature in the principles upon which he may pronounce, so weak are we at the best, that the unlearned and vicious will adopt his sentiments through ignorance or desire, while many of the better informed will eagerly accept an opportunity to shift that responsibility which their consciences refuse to undertake. And though we may not hope to provide an adequate remedy; perhaps may never find the hoped for passage to the broad and open sea of truth, we may at least, when the weary footsteps can bear us no fur We are soon to have from the press of TICKNOR & FIELDS, a new poem, by Longfellow-"The Song of Hiawatha ""-"Mimic Life; or, Before and Behind the Curtain," by Anna Cora Ritchie, better known as Mrs. Mowatt; a new volume by Grace Greenwood; "Flower Pieces," by Mrs. Horace Mann; and a reprint of "The Mystics" by the author of "Festus." GOULD & LINCOLN will publish the "Exposition of the Sermon on the Mount," by Richard Chenevix Trench; and a work by the same author, revised, with additions by Prof. J. L. Lincoln, of Brown University, entitled, "Sacred Latin Poetry; chiefly Lyrical." The reputation which the Rev. R. C. Trench has obtained by his volumes on "The Study of Words," The Lessons in Proverbs," and "English, Past and Present," will cause these productions to be eagerly sought for. Gould & Lincoln have several other highly interesting works in press. WHITTEMORE, NILES & HALL are to publish De Quincey's Klosterheim, which, it appears, the author, dissatisfied with, requested should be omitted in his collected works. Dr. Shelton Mackenzie is to contribute a biographical preface. Among the principal works promised by the New York publishers, we observe, by D. APPLETON & Co., The Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution, both Loyal and Whig, with Notes and Illustrations, by Frank Moore." We are informed that this work comprises a selection from the many songs and ballads written, during the period between the passage of the stamp act, in 1765, and the establishment of peace, in 1783; and that many of these lyrics have never before been included in any printed collection. The notes are copious and amusing, and form an interesting feature of the work, fully illustrating the allusions in the poetry, and making the collection a perfect picture of those stirring times. It should be interesting to every lover of the curious, and a valuable contribution to the historical literature of the country. They are also to issue a reprint of "The Complete Works of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke," in 8 vols. "Goethe's Life and Correspondence," by G. W. Lewis, and a new novel, called "Susan Merten," written by Charles Reade, whose late "Peg Woffington," and "Christie Johnstone," have excited much interest in the literary world. The presses of HARPER & BROTHERS are busy with a work by the popular Charles Lever, "Glencore and his Fortunes;" "J. Silk Buckingham's Autobiogra phy," and "Lizzie Leigh," by the author of "Mary Barton." CHARLES SCRIRNER has nearly ready, "A Cyclopedia of American Literature; embracing Personal and Critical Notices of Authors, with Passages from their Writings, from the earliest period to the present day." By Evart A. and George L. Duyckinck. The subject of the work, and the ability of the editors, justify us in anticipating a most important and interesting acquisition to our literature. J. C. DERBY has a long list of announcements, from which we may mention two volumes by S. G. Goodrich, whose famous nomme de plume of Péter Parley" he still preserves; the collected "Sparrowgrass Papers," contributed to "Putnam's Monthly," by Mr. Frederick S. Cozzens. His list also contains the names of several forthcoming novels. ROBERT CARTER & BROTHERS announce "Nellie of Truro." By the author of Vara; or, the Child of Adoption;" 12mo. "Kate Kilborn." By the author of "Jeanie Morrison;" 16mo. "A Commentary on the Greek Text of the Epistle to the Hebrews." By the late F. S. Sampson, D.D., of Hampden Sidney, Va.; 8vo. "Henry's Commentary." A new edition, in quarto form; large type. "The Prophets of the Restoration; a Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi." By the Rev. T. V. Moore; 8vo. J. S. REDFIELD has in press, "The Forayers; or, the Raid of the Dog Days; a new Revolutionary Tale." By W. Gilmore Simms. Also, the same author's "Romances of the South." "Table Traits," by Dr. Doran; and "The Men of '98," edited by-Dr. Shelton Mackenzie. G. P. PUTNAM will soon publish a new and revised edition of Bayard Taylor's celebrated" Views-a-Foot," and is also actively progressing with the two remain ing volumes of Irving's "Life of George Washington." IVISON & PHINNEY promise shortly, the "Elements of Psychology; being a critical examination of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding, with additional pieces translated from the French of Victor Cousin, and introduction, notes, &c., by C. S. Henry, D.D.” STRINGER & TOWNSEND are to issue an important work, entitled, "Mechanic's, Engineering and Machinist's Practical Book of Reference, and Engineer's Field Book." By Charles Haslett, Civil Engineer. Edited by C. W. Hackley, Professor in Columbia College. A. S. BARNES & Co. announce the "Private Correspondence of Henry Clay," edited by Calvin Colton, LL.D., who has had superior facilities for that purpose. These publishers have also in press 3 vols. of "Ricord's Series of Roman History." MILLER, ORTON & MULLIGAN, among several other publications, have in hand "The Beautiful Gate"a collection of stories by Caroline Cheesebro. The Philadelphia publishers have a large number of valuable medical works in preparation, but are not very profuse in their announcements of popular literature. J. B. LIPPINCOTT & Co. are engaged upon "Sketches of Virginia; Historical and Biographical," by the Rev. Wm. Henry Forte, D.D.; and a translation from the French of Dr. Gobineau's "Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races." From PARRY & MCMILLAN, we are to expect "Lectures on English History," by the late Prof. Henry Reed; besides several other publications. FOREIGN. Great Britain. The publishing trade exhibits but few signs of recovering from its present stagnation, and the list of novelties spoken of, as forthcoming, is preternaturally small. MACAULAY's volumes are still matters of speculation. So is Lewis's Life of Goethe" (though actually in print); and M. SCHELCHER's anticipated "Memoirs of Handel;" the lastnamed work is to appear in English, French, and German, simultaneously. Messrs. BLACKWOOD announce a republication of a very interesting series of papers upon Western America, already well known to the readers of Blackwood's Magazine, by Lawrence Oliphant, Esq.; and also a reprint of the "Story of the Campaign," by Major Hamley, with illustrations. Without possessing the brilliant coloring of Mr. RUSSELL'S word-pictures, Major HAMLEY's is decidedly the clearest and most practical account which has yet been given to the public. Among other announcements, we notice "The Fur-Hunters of the West," by ALEXANDER Ross; a new novel, called "Gilbert Massinger," by the author of "Thorney Hall;" and another contribution to our Antipodean literature, by W. H. G. Kingston, Esq., called "The Emigrant's Home; or, How to Settle." Messrs. GROOMBRIDGE announce a new botanical work, "The Flora of the Colosseum," to con tain descriptions of no less than 420 plants, which grow amid the ruins of that vast amphitheatre, where once the beauty, the wealth, and the power of Rome delighted to look upon the contests of gladiators and the fights of wild beasts.-London Critic. LITERARY GOSSIP. “TRIBUTE TO STRUGGLING GENIUS.-Frances Browne, an unfriended poetess, in England, recently contributed to the Athenæum' a poem of much merit, called Is it come.' The poem attracted the notice the author was poor, immediately sent her £100." of the Marquis of Lansdowne, who, hearing that The interest of the above paragraph will be much known. The recipient of the Marquis of Lansdowne's enhanced by some collateral facts not generally bounty is the daughter of the Postmaster of Stronslar, a small town in the north part of Ireland. She mind retains not one impression received through has been blind from so early an infancy that her and the humble means of her family, with an energy the medium of the eye. Yet despite this calamity, degree of education, and has been enabled to write a rarely manifested, she has acquired a respectable verse like this from the Song of Summer: "Thy roses send their sweetness forth Thy lilies spread their floating snow To the old forest's lonely depth Thy presence joy imparts; And reaches, through the clouds of care, Miss Browne has, in Eliza Cook's Journal, very affectingly described the difficulties she contended with in the pursuit of knowledge, and the early development of her poetic faculty. Her first printed poems appeared in the Irish Penny Journal, and her introduction to the Athenaum, to which is owing the pleasant paragraph at the head of this notice, is thus described: "About this time Miss Browne in her remote re treat heard of the Athenæum, and, probably desirous of obtaining access to a wider circle of readers, she addressed a number of her small pieces to the editor. Months passed away, and she had given up all for lost, when, at length, the arrival of many numbers of the Journal and a letter from the editor astonished her, and gratified a wish which had haunted her very dreams." A volume of Miss Browne's poems has been published in England, and we doubt not some American publisher will take this opportunity to gratify the public with a reprint, and at the same time to give to the authoress the benefit of a moral international copyright law. SCIENTIFIC. DR. KANE AND THE ARCTIC SEA.-The most interesting public event connected with science the past month, has been the safe return of our esteemed countryman, Dr. Kane, and the survivors of his party. The results of his expedition, so far as science is concerned, are the confirmation of the belief in an open (or, as Maury calls it, Polynia), sea in the Polar circle the discovery of a new northern land, which he named "Washington," and a new channel, which he called "Kennedy." Dr. Kane has shown great disregard for "spíritual manifestations" in his return. in his address as President of the British Association ATTRACTION OF GRAVITATION.-The Duke of Argyle, for the advancement of science, at Glasgow, in September, announced, "as one of the results of Lord Ross's telescope, that for the first time since the days of Newton, a suspicion has arisen in the minds of astronomers, that laws other than that of gravitation may bear rule in space, and that the nebular phenomena revealed by that telescope, must be governed by forces different from those of which we have any knowledge." MARINER'S COMPASS.-It is stated that Captain Griffith Morris, of the steamer R. B. Forbes, has discovered a means of detecting and measuring the local attraction in any ship, and how to overcome it with absolute correctness, so that the compass may be relied upon under all circumstances. A paper on this subject was read at a late meeting of the British Association at Glasgow, by Mr. Paul Cameron. He stated that "observation and experiment had determined, that the magnetic line of ships in the building yard, when the compass comes to be adjusted, was invariably indicated according to the point of the compass the ship may have been built in, which line is termed the line of no 'deviation." He proceeds from this to explain his plan for adjusting the compass. 66 on And in this connection, we may mention, that at a meeting of the Royal Society, last May, a paper was read by James M. Share, Esq., Master, R. N., a Decimal Compass Card," in which he advocated with much force, the substitution of a compass card, containing thirty-six points, of ten degrees each -every degree being one tenth of a point." the principal subjects introduced at the late meeting BRITISH ASSOCIATION.-We give here the heads of of the British Association at Glasgow:Professor Thomson read a paper tic induction of Electric Currents on Submarine telegraph wires." 66 On the Peristal Mr. Wildman Whitehouse gave results of experiments made with electric wires of different lengths 1-5 of a second for 900 miles, or at a rate of about (1-12 to 1-16 of a second for 300 miles circuit; 1-4 to 4,500 miles in a second-higher speed by magnetoelectric current than by voltaic. of the compass in iron ships." Mr. Paul Cameron read a paper on the "Deviation the adulteration of food. Dr. Hassell entered at length into the chemistry of ing lithographs by the photographic process. Professor Ramsey explained a process for obtain The Chevalier Claussen furnished a paper on " New Materials for Paper-making," In Statistics-The Rev. Mr. McCullum dwelt on details of" Juvenile Delinquency; its cause and cure." Mr. Simmonds read a paper on the Statistics of Newspapers. Mr. Adams furnished a paper on "Artillery and Projectiles." Sir John Ross explained his Theory of Aurora Borealis," Sir R. Murchison gave particulars of the result of gold mining in Australia. of the atmospheric laws, and its effects on celestial Mr. Hopkins read a paper “on the optical illusion bodies." Mr. R. Russell drew attention to the "Meteorology of the United States and Canada." ARCTIC ZONE-The E. M. says that the Arctic Zone is not a barren waste. It will, in time, be found one of the richest mineral districts of the globe. Coal is abundant there, as far north as beyond latitude 75 degrees. DRAMA, MUSIC, FINE ARTS. DRAMATIC.-The departure of Rachel has left a vacuum-a vacuum of a description seldom felt in New York. A large class had got in a measure used to going to the Metropolitan-as a theatrical entertainment, where the most scrupulous taste might be gratified. It will long be missed. Mr. Forrest is playing at the Broadway to very full houses. A pleasant season has opened at Wallack's—latterly somewhat Olympian. Mr. Burton has been playing an English Comedy all the Season nearly. The other time being filled up with the eternal Toodles, and the Serious Family -a serious nuisance. A new comedy, entitled The Man of Many Friends, has been produced at Burton's, and at Wallack's. We use the word new as a portion of the title. The mutual and unfounded jealousies of the husband and wife will not be laughed at by whoever venerates the sacredness of age;-the scandalous scenes have been common property on the English stage since Shadwell-and for that portion of the play which gives the title, and may therefore be considered the chief-a fortunate man being bored to death with friends, it was "written up" in the near neighborhood of two hundred years ago-in a French farce, chiefly remarkable for having been translated into English by Sir John Vanbrugh. It may be found in that author's works under the name of The Country House. PICTURES.-The Hemicycle des Beaux Arts, of Paul Delaroche (artist's reduced copy from the original in fresco) is at present on Exhibition at the gallery of Messrs. Goupil & Vibert. Most of our readers are familiar with the engraving-yet they should not fail to see the picture. Much of the grouping, perfect as it is in outline, gathers additional force from the color-and the fine relieved effect that is given to the whole picture by the distances at the extremities contrasted with the near front of the temple -depending, as it does entirely upon the coloring is lost in the engraving. If the Hemicycle were known by nothing else than this picture of it, it would forever be a bright spot in the "hoary registers of time." MUSICAL-The Academy has run through eleven of the forty nights, and there is nothing new yet-nor is there any thing promised. Previous to the opening there were whisperings of the intended production of l'Etoile du Nord, and the Vêpres Siciliennes :—but the evening has not come. During its eleven nights the Academy has been very selectly attended. Several new names are announced, and in such a manner that the announcement might reasonably lead to the supposition that the engagements had been made with a view to their equal geographical distribution: Senora Patania, Madrid; Signor Salviani, Florence; Signor Caspari, Milan;-in the order of their names, prima donna, primo tenore, primo basso. It has been said that arrangements were on foot for the organization of a new company at the Metropolitan, with Parodi as prima donna, looking to the production there of Signor Arditti's opera-The Spy. This opera will, without doubt, be produced in the city during the present season, and probably not at the Academy. The libretto is founded upon a portion of Cooper's novel-the episode of Harvey Birch's capture by the British, including his trial, condemnation and reprieve. The music is pleasant, and there are some peculiarities one, indeed, which in a paragraph that, like the present, only mentions it, most necessarily seem to be of the clap-trap order: we allude to the finale, a concerted piece on the air of Hail Columbia-the march being far away-closing with the introduction of cheers. There is a very delicate romance in the opening of the third act-(Maria-mezzo soprano,) and an excellent duet, in first act (Warton and Francesca-prima soprano, and basso.) The ehoruses are very fine. We trust to the skill of the composer to carry off the finale with excellent effect. taken of "Fable Land," from Cape Homer to Point Hawthorne! In those regions of fancy there are no bills of mortality. The inhabitants live for ever in perennial youth. They abide with us at our bidding, yet fill no space in our habitations. They come to us in our hours of chagrin, and carry us away to enjoy their hospitality, and we return refreshed from their society. We could not live without them. Who can number all the images that one name-one word may call up in the mind? You rub against a word in the rude contact of life and, presto-as the genii came when Aladdin dusted his lamp-there is a world before you, visible to yourself alone. May the 14th, 1636.-We, whose names are underwritten, being by God's providence ingaged together to make a plantation, at and over against Agaum, on Conecticot, doe mutually by us and our successors, except wee and every of us, for ouragree to certayne articles and orders, to be observed and kept selves and in our persons, shall think, meet, uppon better reasons to alter our present resolutions. 1ly. Wee intend, by God's grace, as soon as we can, with all convenient speede, to procure some godly and faithful minister, with whome we propose to joyne in church covenant, to walk in all the ways of Christ. I got a rub of that kind a few weeks ago, when strolling through the still town of Springfield, in this old Bay State. What was it? A sign-a gilt sign of golden store. It held high place upon a stone front, over an imposing portico of some archi-family, or if we think meete after, to alter our purpose; yet tectural pretence. It read : THE PYNCHON BANK. brown 2ly. Wee intend that oure town shall be composed of fourty not to exceed the number of fifty familys, rich and poore. * * * * 9ly. That whereas Mr. William Pynchon, Jehue Burr, and Henry Smith, have constantly continued to prosecute the same, I held my breath-took off my spectacles-dusted at greate charges, and at great personal adventure; therefore, it them, and read again :— 66 THE PYNCHON BANK." is mutually agreed, that fourty akers of meddowe, lying on the south of End Brooke, under a hill side, shall belonge to the said partys, free from all charges for ever. That is to say, 20 akers to Mr. William Pynchon and his heyres and assigns, for ever; and ten akers to Jehue Burr, and ten akers to Henry Smith, and to their heyres and assigns for ever; which said fourty akers is not disposed to them as any allottment of towne lands, but they are to have their accomodations in all other places notwithstanding. * I instantly looked up and down the street for the "House of the Seven Gables." I expected to see it thrust one of its angles out at the corner of some adIt did not. The life around me was jacent block. the every day matter-of-fact life of the town of Springfield-the life within me, filling my brain, 11ly. It is agreed that no man, except Mr. William Pynwas of the past. I saw the stern Judge Pyncheon-chon, shall have above 10 akers for his house lott. the desolate and decayed Hepzibah-the crushed By 15th article, W. P. had in all 54 acres. Clifford-the fair Phoebe, and the moody Mathew Maule. I saw them all-in my mind's eye," Criterion-clustered around the financial ensign of the "Pynchon Bank." I supposed, in my simplicity, that the old house might still be standing. I discovered Pynchon street, and walked up and down it in a vain search for the old mansion, and even inspected the yard of the building at the bottom of the street, to try if I could see any trace of old Mathew Maule's well. I even listened for the sound of the itinerant organ that interested Clifford; and I inquired of a grocery man, who lived on the next corner, if he knew any thing of the Pyncheon mansion. The vandal had never heard of the house of the seven gables, and the practical firemen of the town might have demolished it, for all he cared. I turned from him in disgust, and should have had no difficulty in believing that his wares were all villainously adulterated. I inquired in one of the libraries in the town, and got a gleam of hope. A sympathetic youth, who was enlightening his mind over a Lamplighter," told me he had heard something about that old house, but that the men who published the Springfield Republican knew all about it. This was encouraging, and I lost no time in reaching the office of that "public-spirited and enterprising sheet." There I learned that the old Pyncheon mansion had stood a few years previous on the corner of Pynchon street, which runs at right angles westward, from the main street of Springfield; that it was a curious angular old frame house, and was supposed to be the original of Hawthorne's "Seven Gables." I had no doubt it was. The sacrilegious successors of the family had, however, broken up the old edifice, and dispersed the SPRINGFIELD PLANTATION," AND WO- fragments. They had my unqualified condemnation. DEAR CRITERION:-In compliance with your desire that I should shake off my lethargy, and "cross the line" again, I have endeavored to restring my unstrung nerves, and look up my armor for the tented field. My weapons have become incrusted with the rust of indolence, and my thews and sinews have shrunk from the full proportions of my doublet and hose; yet, as the old war-horse, when he snuffs the bugle on the breeze, pricks up his ears, and, flinging his rough mane upon the wind, gallops the extent of his enclosure, with the gallant troop that goes prancing by, “helm and blade in the sunlight gleaming," and feels the embers of the old fire stirring his thin blood again-I am with you once more. To me, and I think to the generality of the light cavalry of literature, there are no more interesting places in the world than those over which the hand of genius has flung the spell of imaginative association. Those sacred shrines are the "Meccas of the mind." How bald and naked would this earth appear to us without the population who inhabit the realms of fancy. Would that we had a full census My search was at an end, and I returned to my hotel, with my mind still in the ideal world, and every thing that was Pyncheon had an interest for me. I learned that the Pynchon family had figured largely in the history of Springfield, and that some of their descendants still held high social standing there. The existence of an entire bank, devoted to their business, as I was innocently willing to suppose, was to me ample evidence of their importance. True, the name, as inscribed on the bank, and entered in the records of the town, contains a vowel less than the name as given by Hawthorne. With him it was "Pyncheon." In Springfield it is "Pynchon "-Pynchon without an "E." I was willing to believe that our wizard of the Orient had good magical authority for the diphthong. The extracts which I took from the historical records of Springfield, and which I give you here, will, I feel assured, be found interesting to all the readers of the "House of the Seven Gables," many of whom will, of course, be readers of the Criterion also. The dominance of the Pynchon family-Pynchons without the " e," I shall write it in the remainder of this letter, as shadowed forth in the character of the The mark of Jehue Burr, Whether any portion of the twenty acres of "meddowe, lying on the south of End Brooke," constituted the "" Real Estate," to which poor Hepzibah Pynchon looked forward in after years, in the anxious hope that it would extricate her from the indignity of "storekeeping," I regret that I am unable to decide. It is, however, plain from the record, that her ancestor "played first fiddle" among the settlers of the Springfield Colony; and after the extra quantity of house lot," it is land appropriated to him for his ever to be regretted that any of his successors should have coveted poor Mathew Maule's humble homestead; yet, but for that old tradition, the world could never have been gratified with Hawthorne's romance, and without that production the affairs of the Pynchon family would never be the interesting study that they are. I must now take my last fancy ramble around the "Seven Gables," and, waving the airy edifice an affectionate adieu, proceed to give you some illustration of— 66 EARLY JURISPRUDEnce, and woman'S RIGHTS,” In the Springfield plantation. The first article of the agreement, from which I have given you the above extracts, expressed the intention of the "adventurers," as soon as they could, “to procure some godly and faithful minister to joyne in church covenant, and walk with him in all the ways of Christ." To the observer of their subsequent history, it is much to be regretted that this good intention was not promptly carried out; for, it appears that within fifty years from the settlement of the plantation "over against Agaam," the men thereof had become hard of heart, and lost to every tender emotion. In the year 1684, a wretched woman, named Mary Towsley," gave a little too much of her mind to the magnates of the colony; and such was the respect in which female eloquence and " man's rights" were then held in that "section," that Mary Towsley was publicly whipped on the "naked backe," in Springfield and at Suffield. Here is the solemn record of the odious ordeal, presided over by a Pynchon, too, and I beg you preserve the "unick style" of the orthography. the holding of this Corte, there were present Mayor John Pynchon, Esq., Peter Tilton, Esq., two of the worshipful magistrates of the Colony of Mass. Att the Countie Corte, held at Springfield, Sept. 30, 1684. For Mary Towsley, of Suffield, being presented to this Corte for, trade of wicked lying, slandering, cursing, wretched scolding and convicted of, many notorious mis-carriages-viz.-driving a murderous, threatning, and dangerous languages, for any neighborhood to hear, and for pound breach. This Corte being af flicted with the sense of such unheard of, incredible carriages. but unavoidable fruits of original sin, not restrained by the meet free grace of God, and all proven against her, which tends to the dishonor of God, and the spoiling of all good neighborhood, and being desirous to prevent such wretched carriages, do adjudge the sayd Mary Towsley to be twice whipt-once at Springfield, on the naked backe, with 15 lashes, and a second time at Suffield, with 10 lashes on the naked backe, wel lazd on, and that this execution be done at Suffield by the space of 2 weeks after the execution at Springfield, the Constable of Suf field taking his tyme for said execution, as in his discresion he shall judge meete: and the Corte doth order that the Clerk shall send a copy of said Sentence to the Constable of Suffield, that he fail not to execute the same-the execution at Springfield was forthwith performed-and the Corte doth order and appoint said Mary Towsley to pay al charges occasioned by ye p'sentment, viz., 8s, to Constable Winchel, and to James King 2s, to Gregory Gibbs 2s, to Goodman Stockwell. Thomas Hauchet, 2s. apiece, to Thomas Spencer and John Rising, 8s. pr. spiece. Mr. PIPER. Ah! a heavy loss of money-that's something! ME. And the loss of a tender and beautiful illusion, Mr. Piper; the vanishing of an intoxicating dream, one of those dreams that enchant a life-is that nothing, my good Mr. Piper? Verily, the age of chivalry was not then. Note Mr. PIPER. Ah! may the devil catch me when I how economical those "rude forefathers" were in put a cord around my neck for an idea! Thus, then, the administration of their vengeance. They levied sir, according to your account, the poet was right the cost of the punishment from the culprit. Dear enough to hang himself. Criterion, if you can fancy that Springfield inquisiME. God forbid, Mr. Piper. The poet did wrong tion now in full fling in these our days of plenteous-very wrong. If he had not had that fatal idea, "platforms," how many subjects do you suppose we should still see him among us, and we would could the public constable present from your own, learn to love him. No man has the right to destroy as well as from this good city, for "driving a trade his life. To return: shall I understand you to think, of wicked lying?" Were the jurisdiction complete, Mr. Piper, that the action of a man who kills himself whipcord should be at a premium. in the fever of a terrible or beautiful dream, is not more excusable than the suicide of a broker or merchant, who pitches himself into the river for a sum of money, like a dog diving for dimes? wor It is gratifying to me to infer from the next and last extract I give you, that no minister of Him who said unto the sinner, "Go in peace, and sin no more," was mixed up with the vile vengeance of those " shipful magistrates of the Colony of Mass., in 1684." For, about 1694, this town passed the following vote: Voted to send Captain Thomas Cotton and Serjeant Luke Hitchcock, the Bay for the procuring a minister, to preach the Word of God to the town; and that they apply themselves to the Rev'd. the Presid't of the College, with the rest of the elders in Boston, for their for the obtaining a minister, that may proLet the ladies of the present day congratulate themselves that they lived not in those "good old times" of piety and penance, and that they can lash the vices of this age, without fear of the lash of the constable. mote conversion work among us. Mr. PIPER. Sir, I'm sorry to contradict you; but I'll swear that the sun rises in Long Island, and sets over in the State of Camden and Amboy. ME No one will accuse you of exaggerating the proportions of the universe. The North River is safe. To the question: Your ideas upon truth are not always highly logical. We spoke of arts and artists-things you don't like; we also spoke of poetry and poets-for whom you care but little. Mr. PIPER. Very true. ME A question, Mr. Piper. Mrs. Piper has a piano, and, as a consequence, likes music; besides, she has a music teacher for her daughter. Mr. PIPER. A fancy that costs me fifteen dollars a quarter-interest on a thousand dollars every year. ME True. But it is not less true, that when Mrs. Piper has disposed of her housekeeping for the day, she is very happy to take her seat at the piano. Mr. PIPER. She's crazy for singing-and she sings well, too. ME No doubt. Let us continue. Mrs. Piper having, during one or two hours, sung to her heart's content, finds herself, at the expiration of that time, in an incontestable state of moral well-being; she's in a charming humor for the rest of the day, and from her serenity the whole household takes its pitch. Mr. PIPER. True, by jingo. ME Well, admit, then, that music is good for something. Perhaps now the other arts are. All organizations are not positive, like yours, Mr. Piper; remember that. You don't like any thing but business; business is the only thing that many don't like. One's meat is another's poison. It was so arranged for harmony. If the whole human species only had one passion, Time might hang up his scythe, and manufacture his wings into toothpicks. The multiplicity and variety of tastes is one of the safeguards of society. The arts and poetry, then, are as necessary as industry; even as commerce-your element. It is wittily said, that roses are as useful as cabbages. Mr. PIPER The deuce! But won't you admit that poetry is a folly? I read in a paper lately, that a poet had hung himself. ME. Unhappy Mr. Piper, can you tell the number of business men who have drowned themselves, or blown out their brains during the year? a Mr. PIPER. Let us not vex that question; it is delicate one. Let us to poetry. It is a folly. You see that it can bring a man to suicide. ME. I grant it; but in counting thus, if we count well, we shall find that positive business is a greater folly than poetry; since, for one poet who kills himself, twenty bankers cut their throats. No, Mr. P., poetry is not a folly. On the contrary, poetry (taking the word in its general sense) is the intellectual element most necessary for humanity. Even you, Mr. Piper-you could not live without poetry. Mr. PIPER. Me! ME. You; you're a poet. Mr. PIPER. Ah! For instance, now. I don't doubt your word, to be sure; but just show me where and when I'm a poet. Ah! if I should write a tragedy! ME. Let us see. With what object do you continue in business? What end do you propose to yourself, after dealing through several more years in groceries and dried fish, Mr. P.? Mr. PIPER. What end? Huh! To retire with a good fortune, of course. ME. Why with a good fortune? Mr. PIPER. What a question! Why, to live with ease, and agreeably. ME. Exactly, Mr. P.; you said agreeably. And how will you set about that? Mr. PIPER. I'll have a fine house in Fifth Avenue, for the winter; and a cottage in the country for the Mr. PIPER. Heaven preserve me from the gout! No; I think that would be beastlike. Bah! I'd go see my friends on a handsome horse. I'd breed dogs. I'd go to the Bowery theatre three nights a week. ME. And on the rainy days what would you do? Mr. PIPER. I'd read; but pleasant books-romances; I like the Last of the Mohicans, and King Philip's War, and Weems' Life of Marion, ME. And so do I. Mr. Piper, you astonish me. Mr. PIPER. How? ME. And in the country, facing the smiling valley, with its blue winding river-how would you pass the time? Mr. PIPER. What a question! With a garden, and all kinds of fruit-trees and flowers. Not forgetting plenty of green corn. Ah, I like corn. ME. And so do I. Mr. PIPER. I'd raise pine-apples. In the fall I'd go shooting. I'd have splendid dogs. I like dogs. ME. Well? Mr. PIPER. And horses. I'd have the finest horses in the country. And in harvest time, I'd have such jolly moonlight parties-and my wife and daughter would be dressed splendid. We'd have beautiful music. May be I'd run for Congress. ME. Mr. Piper, you frighten me. Mr. PIPER. I frighten you! How? ME. Absolutely, you terrify me. Do you know what you've been doing for the last ten minutes? Mr. PIPER. No. I'm only telling you what I will do, when ME. For the last ten minutes, you've been making poetry. Mr. PIPER. Eh? Me! ME. You. Pure poetry; but of the realizable kind. Oh, you do not like poets; you despise the ideal; you treat as folly all that is not apparent and positive in the usual course of life and business; Mr. Piper, you are deceived. Poetry is in you as in so many others. For poetry does not only consist in 1 the rhyming of words and weighing of syllables, but as well in permitting ourselves to be borne up on the wings of an aspiration, whatever it may be; in a dream, if you will-a dream that fascinates and becomes a love; a second life-something fair and attractive, that ravishes our thought, and often renders us unfit for every day life. Every intelligence has its poetry, according to its capacity. Every soul has its inner voice, discoursing "most divine, enchanting ravishment." Thus, Mr. Piper-dear Mr. Piper-you are out of your own mouth convicted of poetry; and one of these days, when I am passing your store, I will come in and denounce you to Mrs. Piper as a great poet. Mr. PIPER. Sir, I begME. I'll do it. Mrs. Piper shall know it, and— she'll love you the more for it. You'll see her redouble her care to please you. She'll fix her hair nicer, and pour out your coffee with a sweeter smile. And I-happy and proud at my discovery-will go and have your name inserted Mr. PIPER. Where, sir? ME. In the Rev. Rufus Wilmot Griswold's next edition. Mr. PIPER. I'm a ruined man. I. "Like music softly come and go, So sang Love when life was fair, II. "O why should man or woman weep!" "In darkness now are all bright things, O I forgot that Time had wings!" G. H. SPIRITUAL MANIFESTATION. (on the stage.) "Bensley had to play Henry IV. in Richard III. After that monarch's death in the early part of the play, he had to appear for a moment or two as his own ghost, in the fifth act. The spirits were at that time exhibited en buste, through a trap. Now our Henry was invited out to supper, and being anxious to get there early, and knowing that little more than his shoulders need be seen by the public, he retained his black velvet coat and bugles, but discarding the lower part of his stage costume, he drew on a jaunty pair of new tight nankeen pants, to be as far dressed for his supper company as he could. "When he stood in the trap he cautioned the men who turned the crank not to raise him as high as usual, and of course they promised to obey; but a wicked low comedian was at hand, whose love of mischief predominated over his friendship, and he suddenly applied himself with such good will to the wrench that he ran King Henry up right to a level with the stage, and moreover, gave his Majesty such a jerk that he was forced to step from the trap on to the boards to save himself from falling. The sight of the old Lancastrian monarch in a costume of two such different periods-Medieval above-all nankeen and novelty below, was destructive of all decorum before the stage and upon it. The audience emphatically split their sides,' and as for the Tyrant in his tent, he sat bolt upright, and burst into such a roar that the real Richard could not have looked more frantically hysterical had the deceased Henry actually so visited him in the nankeen spirit." Doran. THE DOG OF THE REFORMATION. The negotiations with the Pope for dissolving Henry VIII.'s marriage, which brought in the Reformation, are said to have been interrupted by the Earl of Wiltshire's dog biting His Holiness's toe, when he put it out to be kissed by that ambassador. AMERICAN HYPERBOLE. In a notice in a late number of the London Critic of the "Hundred Orators of Boston," the reviewer selected the following description of the eminent advocate Rufus Choate as an example of the American use of Hyperbole. "When he rolled up those tremendous climaxes he raised his commanding form upon his toes, came down upon his heels like two paviors rammers, and shook the whole firmanent of the Common Council Chamber like an earthquake." The Reviewer says Dr. Henshaw is described in the same work to be "a Hercules in intellect and a democrat in principle.' NOTES AND QUERIES. [This department of the CRITERION will be devoted to the record of such odds and ends of curious and novel information as our contributors or ourselves may find in reading, and will also be a medium of communication between our readers for the suggesting and answering of questions relating to subjects which may possess a general interest. Much of the attractiveness of our "Notes and Queries" must of course depend upon the kind favors of contributors, to whom we shall feel obliged for any assistance. It will hardly be necessary to remark that this department is not intended to answer trivial questions which some corre pondents occasionally propose for editorial solution; and we shall no doubt be excused for neglecting to reply to any query concerning the quickest trip across the Atlantic, the highest ascension in a balloon, or generally such information as may be required for the prosecution of suits in the lower courts. A few friends, to whom the plan of this paper has been for some time communicated, have enabled us to illustrate our intentions to soine extent. We hope and shall be much pleased to receive communications concerning the queries which follow:] DEAR SIR,-No one who has studied French Poetry can fail to have been struck by the peculiarity of its alternate masculine and feminine rhymes. My query then is, what is the philosophy of this inviolable and, what is more, unviolated rule? What is there in the nature of the French language, in the sound of the words, in the absence of such accentuation as the English use, in the accordance of the rhymes, in the too great monotony of several masculine or feminine rhymes coming together, what is there in any or all or none of these things in which an answer inay be found. It will not be enough to say, "why it is an invariable rule; the French ear is trained to it and could not bear any other method; " for that would only be stating the fact instead of giving the reason of it, and asserting the existence of a habit, without indicating the organic peculiarity which alone can explain it. If it were owing to nothing more than mere usage and custom, we cannot but think that Lamartine or Victor Hugo or some other great French Poet would have broken through so severe a restraint. There is no lack of variety in measure, the peculiarity is in these rhymes. I shall look for an answer in your columns. Yours sincerely, PUZZLEHEAD. In a late number of the London Notes and Queries a correspondent asked for some information in relation to an isolated people in the Apennines of whom he had read in the "Four Letters on Italy." He will find something additional of them in the writings of Bishop Heber. I remember having read an account in a letter though I cannot say to whom the letter was addressed. What I chiefly remember, that is not stated in the Four Letters on Italy, is that such of the persons as Heber saw were dwarfish and spoke the Latin language. He saw them away from their home and upon asking if there were many of them, was answered "Sunt multi, innumerabiles." It is more convenient for me to tell the little I know upon the matter thus than to write to England, and I presume it will come to the correspondent's notice as early. Louisville, Ky., Oct. 10. Yours, L. MY DEAR SIR-As you asked me to suggest any "notes or queries" which might come in my way, I would propose a query as to the Etymological and Philosophical definition of the word Conscience. With sincere desires for the success of your much-needed paper, and such good wishes as a friend should feel, I remain, Ever Yours, H. M. L. DEAR-From away down here, "under the opening eyelids of the morn * I send you a paragraph that may be worth a place in your column of "notes." It is a fact, and I think you could excuse Gradgrind, if he called it a hard fact. I give it as material for the future historian-it is prior to horse-bead pennies and pine-tree shillings--doubtless the first institution of "hard currency" in the country. In the year 1650, the colony of Massachusetts constituted NEW PUBLICATIONS. AMERICA. ALCOTT.-The Young Woman's Book of Health. By W. A. Alcott. 1 vol. [Miller & Orton, N. Y.] BOYD. The Child's Book on the Westminster Catechism. By Rev. J. R. Boyd. 18mo. pp 90. [R. 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