AN ELEMENTARY GREEK GRAMMAR. BY WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, PH.D., LL.D., ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK LITERATURE IN HARVARD COLLEGE. REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY. PREFACE. The Syn THIS Grammar is partly a revised edition of the Elementary Greek Grammar published in 1870, and partly an independent work. The part which precedes the Inflection of the Verb contains the substance of the former edition revised and enlarged, with many additions to the Paradigms. The part relating to the Inflection of the Verb, §§ 88-127, has been entirely re-written, and increased from fifty to one hundred pages. Part III., on the Formation of Words, is entirely new. tax is in most parts substantially the same as in the former edition; but some changes and numerous additions have been made, the chief increase being in the sections on the Prepositions. Part V., on Versification, is almost entirely new, and is based to a great extent on the Rhythmic and Metric of J. H. H. Schmidt, which has just been published in an English translation by Professor J. W. White. I have not followed Schmidt, however, in making all iambic and anapaestic verses trochaic and dactylic; and I have followed the ancient authorities in recognizing cyclic anapaests as well as cyclic dactyls. I have adopted the modern doctrine of logaoedic verses, which enlarges their dominion and reduces them to a uniform measure, thus avoiding 87003 many of the incongruities which beset the common theory of these verses. The Catalogue of Verbs is increased from nineteen to thirty-two pages, and contains a greater number of verbs and gives the forms more completely than the former one. The object has still been to present only the strictly classic forms of each verb, and thereby to save the learner from a mass of detail which he may never need. It is surprising how simple many formidable verbs become when all later and doubtful forms are removed. In preparing the Catalogue I have relied constantly on Veitch's Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defective, a work in the Clarendon Press Series, for which every classical scholar will bless the author. It will be seen that the enlargement has been made chiefly in the part relating to the Inflection of the Verb. There I have adopted (§ 108) the division of verbs in w into eight classes which is employed by G. Curtius: this reduces many of the apparent irregularities of the Greek verb to rule and order. In the former edition I adopted Hadley's addition of a class of "reduplicating" verbs. I have omitted this class as unnecessary in my present arrangement. Of the six verbs (apart from verbs in μ and verbs in σκω) which composed this class, γίγνομαι, ἴσχω, and πίπτω are now assigned by Curtius to his "mixed class"; the first syllable of Tíkтw is now not considered a reduplication by Curtius; píμvo is used only in the present stem; while TTρáw seems too late a form to affect classification. The chief innovation which I have now ventured to make in the classification of Curtius relates to the large class of verbs which add e- to the stem in certain tenses not belonging to the present stem. I have no thought of disputing the remark of Curtius that this phenomenon and the addition of e- in the present stem (as in dox-, doké-w) are to be explained on similar principles. But it seems obvious that the former is not, like the latter, a process by which the present stem is formed from the simple stem, and it therefore has no place in the classification which we are here considering. Further, the addition of e- in other tenses than the present occurs in every one of the eight classes of Curtius, so that it must confuse the classification to introduce it there at all. I have therefore included this among the modifications of the stem explained in § 109, thus classing it with such phenomena as the addition of σ- in certain verbs and other modifications which affect only special tenses. (See § 109, 8.1) In § 120, 1, I have followed the doctrine of F. D. Allen, stated in the American Philological Transactions for 1873 (pp. 5–19), by which Homeric forms like ópów for ópáw are explained by assimilation. I fear I may have offended many scholars in giving the present stems of λύω, λέγω, λείπω, &c. as λυ-, λεγ-, λειπ-, &c., and not as λvo(e)-, λeyo(e)-, λeɩto(e)-, &c. I have been careful to state in several places (see foot-notes, pp. 82 and 144) that the latter is the better approved and more correct form of expression; but I have not ventured to make the first attempt at a popular statement of the tense stems with the variable vowel-attachment. A slight reflection showed me that this must be made by a pro 1 See also the Proceedings of the American Philological Association for 1879. |