2. In these examples the words him, it, men, and army, are the direct, and secretary, nuisance, to advance, and fighting, the indirect objects. 3. Sometimes an adjective is used in place of the second noun; as, 1. We made him rich. 2. They consider him guilty. 3. We thought him intelligent. 4. The verbs that are thus used are such as name, call, consider, deem, make, appoint, choose, select, think, regard, suppose, find, &c. between the objects; as, As is sometimes used They appointed him as agent. 5. The indirect object may consist of a noun or pronoun with a preposition, either expressed or understood: 1. He taught me (indirect) grammar (direct ob.). 2. Give me your advice (to me). 3. He asked me a question (of me). 4. He wrote me a letter (to me). 5. Lend me your song, ye nightingales! 6. When the indirect object consists of a verb in the infinitive mood, the word to, which is the sign of the infinitive, is often omitted. Ex. 1. I saw him go (to go). 2. Let us go=permit us to go. 3. Let not the nightingale lament her ruined care. 7. The following verbs, buy, sell, play, sing, find, get, lend, draw, send, make, pass, write, pour, give, teach, leave, bring, tell, do, throw, carry, ask, show, order, promise, refuse, deny, provide, and some others, take after them, besides a direct object, an indirect object, showing to or from whom the action tends. EXTENSION OF THE PREDICATE. 1. Words may be added to the predicate to modify the assertion. These modifying words are those that tell us how, when, why, and where the action was done or performed. Thus: He came early. The word early shows when the person came. He writes well. The word well tells us how he writes. These words, early and well, enlarge or extend the predicate, and are therefore called extensions. The first is an extension of time, and the second an extension of manner. 2. All adverbs form extensions of the predicate; and any word or phrase used to show the place, time, cause, or manner of an action, being of the nature of an adverb, also forms an extension of the predicate. 3. The predicate, therefore, may be extended by adverbs or by phrases used as adverbs. The extensions may be classed under the following heads:-1. Those that relate to place. 2. Those that relate to time. 3. Those that relate to manner. 4. Those that relate to cause or source. 1. Extensions of Place. 1. The horse ran over the hill. 2. He did it at home. Extensions of place answer the questions, Where? Whence? Whither? 2. Extensions of Time. 1. He came yesterday. 2. The battle took place last week. 3. He is completely worn out. Extensions of manner answer the questions, How? How much? 4. Extensions of Cause, &c. 1. He fled from fear of injury. 2. The ear was made for hearing. 3. He is descended from a noble ancestry. Extensions of cause answer the questions, Why? For what? On what account? From what source? Different kinds of Simple Sentences. A simple sentence may be: 1. Declarative, expressing a declaration; as, Truth will prevail. 2. Negative, expressing a negation or denial; as, I am not able to write. 3. Interrogative, asking a question; as, Who can declare their virtues? 4. Imperative, expressing command; as, Descend on our plains. 5. Exclamatory, containing an exclamation; as, What a piece of work is a man ! 6. Optative, expressing a wish or desire; as, May we be happy! DIRECTIONS FOR ANALYSIS. 1. Choose first the verb or predicate of the sentence. 2. Find out the subject of the sentence. 3. Find if there are any words which qualify the subject. The simple subject with the words which limit or describe it will form the enlarged subject. 4. Should the verb be transitive, find the object of the transitive verb. 5. See whether the object has any adjuncts; if so, the object, with its adjuncts, will form the completion or complement of the predicate. 6. Note whether the object is direct or indirect, or both. 7. See if the verb is modified by adjuncts of time, place, cause, or manner. If so, these adverbs and adverbial phrases will form the extension of the predicate. 2. As yet the trembling year is unconfirmed LINE 5 18 26 58 59 4 Extension* The figures 1, 2, 3, 4, are used to denote respectively Subject, Predicate, Object, and Extension. |