pirit being crushed and broken mpact particles which curb and ansion itself is not at all conspicuous But a calendar glass strikingly displays an at once conspicuous, progressive, perVithout transition.

another example; let the nature inquired A Striking Instance of weight is

C

For it far surpasses in weight all subcuted, and gold itself is not much heavier. ssiver is a better instance for indicating the Weight than gold; because gold is solid and characteristics which seem related to dencreas quicksilver is liquid and teeming with and yet is heavier by many degrees than the dia象。 ther bodies that are esteemed the most solid. w it is obvious that the Form of Heaviness epends simply on quantity of matter and compactness of frame.

XXV.

Ang Prerogative Instances I will put in the fourth tabistine Instances, which I also call Instances , and which are pretty nearly the oppoKing Instances. For they exhibit the natake investigation in its lowest degree of power, : were in its cradle and rudiments; striving ord making a sort of first attempts, but buried mar and subdued by a contrary nature. Such inrss eaever are of very great service for the disa Forms; because as Striking Instances lead Se differences, so are Clandestine Insores the bot guides to genera, that is, to those com

mon natures, whereof the natures proposed are nothing more than particular cases.

For example, let the nature proposed be Consistency, or the nature of that which determines its own figure; opposed to which is Fluidity. Those are Clandestine Instances which exhibit some feeble and low degree of consistency in a fluid; as a bubble of water, which is a sort of consistent pellicle of determined figure, made of the body of the water. Of a similar kind are the droppings from a house, which if there be water to follow, lengthen themselves out into a very thin thread, to preserve the continuity of the water; but if there be not water enough to follow, then they fall in round drops, which is the figure that best preserves the water from a solution of continuity. But at the very moment of time when the thread of water ceases and the descent in drops begins, the water itself recoils upwards to avoid discontinuation. Again in metals, which in fusion are liquid but more tenacious, the molten drops often fly to the top and stick there. A somewhat similar instance is that of children's looking-glasses, which little boys make on rushes with spittle; where also there is seen a consistent pellicle of water. This however is much better shown in that other childish sport, when they take water, made a little more tenacious by soap, and blow it through a hollow reed, and so shape the water into a sort of castle of bubbles; which by the interposition of the air become so consistent as to admit of being thrown some distance without discontinuation. But best of all is it seen in frost and snow, which assume such a consistency that they can be almost cut with a knife, although they are formed out of air and water, both fluids. All which facts not ob

Consistent and Fluid are only

ve to the sense; and that in

bodies a disposition to shun

astrozzation; but that it is faint and

puma mogeneous bodies (as fluids), more lively Ns compounded of heterogeneous

being that the approach of heteroviva zamer s bodies together, while the insinmogeneous matter dissolves and relaxes

ake another instance, let the proposed nature be zen or coming together of bodies. In the inon of its Form the most remarkable Striking Inthe magnet. But there is a contrary nature active; namely, the non-attractive, which na similar substance. Thus there is iron which og attract iron, just as lead does not attract lead, ae wad wood, nor water water. Now a Clandes

istance is a magnet armed with iron, or rather r in an armed magnet. For it is a fact in nathat an armed magnet at some distance off does Pt attract iron more powerfully than an unarmed But if the iron be brought so near as to >uct the iron in the armed magnet, then the armed me supports a far greater weight of iron than a e and unarmed magnet; on account of the simsubstance between the pieces of iron; an opgether clandestine and latent in the iron A the magnet was applied. Hence it is manifest the Form of Coition is something which is lively ad song in the magnet, feeble and latent in iron. A has been observed that small wooden arrows watan irva point, discharged from large engines,

pierce deeper into wooden material (say the sides of ships, or the like) than the same arrows tipped with iron, on account of the similarity of substance between the two pieces of wood; although this property had previously been latent in the wood. In like manner, although air does not manifestly attract air or water water in entire bodies, yet a bubble is more easily dissolved on the approach of another bubble than if that other bubble were away, by reason of the appetite of coition between water and water, and between air and air. Such Clandestine Instances (which, as I have said, are of the most signal use) exhibit themselves most conspicuously in small and subtle portions of bodies; the reason being that larger masses follow more general forms; as shall be shown in the proper place.

XXVI.

Among Prerogative Instances I will put in the fifth place Constitutive Instances, which I also call Manipular. They are those which constitute a single species of the proposed nature a sort of Lesser Form. For since the genuine Forms (which are always convertible with the proposed natures) lie deep and are hard to find, it is required by the circumstances of the case and the infirmity of the human understanding that particular Forms, which collect together certain groups of instances (though not all) into some common notion, be not neglected, but rather be diligently observed. For whatever unites nature, though imperfectly, paves the way to the discovery of Forms. Instances therefore which are useful in this regard are of no despicable power, but have a certain prerogative.

But great caution must here be employed, lest the human understanding, after having discovered many of those particular Forms and thereupon established partitions or divisions of the nature in question, be content to rest therein, and instead of proceeding to the legitimate discovery of the great Form, take it for granted that the nature from its very roots is manifold and divided, and so reject and put aside any further union of the nature, as a thing of superfluous subtlety and verging on mere abstraction.

For example, let the proposed nature be Memory, or that which excites and aids the memory. Constitutive Instances are, order or distribution, which clearly aids the memory; also topics or "places" in arti- • ficial memory; which may either be places in the proper sense of the word, as a door, angle, window, and the like; or familiar and known persons; or any other things at pleasure (provided they be placed in a certain order), as animals, vegetables; words too, letters, characters, historical persons, and the like; although some of these are more suitable and convenient than others. Such artificial places help the memory wonderfully, and exalt it far above its natural powers. Again, verse is learnt and remembered more easily than prose. From this group of three instances, viz. order, artificial places, and verse, one species of aid to the memory is constituted. And this species may with propriety be called the cutting off of infinity. For when we try to recollect or call a thing to mind, if we have no prenotion or perception of what we are seeking, we seek and toil and wander here and there, as if in infinite space. Whereas if we have any sure prenotion, infinity is at once cut off, and the