Sir David Gill, Mr. Theodore Reunert, and others for research for the discovery of a less smoky and have taken a prominent part in the initial work. The less costly binding material than pitch, which is now South African Association for the Advancement of chiefly used. Science is cordially cooperating in the local In view of the dearth of statistics of coal consumporganisation, and will join with the British Associa- tion, the following estimate for 1903 is of specia tion in attending the meeting. interest:The aim of the council has been to secure the Tons attendance of a representative body of British men Railways 13,000,000 of science, including specialists in various lines of Coasting Steamers... 2,000,000 investigation, and that, along with the generous Factories 53,000,000 support of the people and authorities in South Africa, Mines 18,000,000 should go far to ensure the success of the meeting Iron and steel industries 28,000,000 and to stimulate local scientific interest and research. Other metals and minerals 1,000,000 Brick works and potteries, glass works and chemical works 5,000,000 Gas works ... 15,000,000 THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON COAL Domestic 32,000,000 SUPPLIES. Total 167,000,000 as as 28, 1901, to inquire into the extent and avail- It is calculated by Mr. Beilby that in this total able resources of the coalfields of the United Kingdom there is a possible saving of 40 to 60 million tons. has issued its final report, which, in 38 pages, con. More particularly in connection with the raising of tains an able summary of the vast amount of valuable steam there are immense economies capable of realisa. information submitted by the numerous witnesses tion. Economy in the production of power may be examined. The Commission originally appointed effected by the combustion of gas obtained as a bvconsisted of Lord Allerton, Sir W. T. Lewis, Sir product. Information submitted by Mr. Bennet: Lindsay Wood, Sir C. Le Neve Foster, and Messrs. Brough points to increasing opportunities of utilisT. Bell, W. Brace, A. C. Briggs, H. B. Dixon, J. S. ing blast-furnace waste gases as a source of power Dixon, E. Hull, C. Lapworth, J. P. Maclay, A. Waste gases from coke ovens might similarly be Sopwith, J. J. H. Teall, and R. Young. Mr. A. utilised. Gas engines are referred to as the most Strahan was subsequently added to the Commission; economical of heat motors, but increased efficiency Sir C. Le Neve Foster and Mr. Ralph Young died both thermally and mechanically is still possible. before the inquiry was completed. The importance of the development of producer-gas On the whole the report is of a reassuring plants is strongly urged as rendering possible the character. Adopting 4000 feet the limit of utilisation of inferior coal. Interesting information practicable depth in working, and one foot as the is given regarding various other ways in which minimum workable thickness, the commissioners economies in consumption may be effected. Regret is estimate the available quantity of coal in the proved expressed that the recommendations of the Mining coalfields of the United Kingdom to be 100,914,668, 167 Royalties Commission of 1893 and of the Deparitons, compared with the 90,207,283,398 tons mental Committee of the Home Office in 1895 regardestimated by the Coal Commission of 1871, notwith-ing mineral statistics had not been carried out. The standing the fact that 5,694,928,507 tons have been commissioners recommend that accurate informaraised in the meantime. The excess is accounted for tion on the coal industry should be published by one by the more accurate knowledge of the coal-seams. authority, and they think that it would be of great It is also estimated that there are 39,483 million tons | advantage if particulars of deep borings could be of coal in the concealed and unproved coalfields. preserved in a Government office. It is thought that in future thin seams will be The report must necessarily attract great attention worked more extensively than at present, and that from mining engineers and economists; and it should the use of coal-cutting machines will facilitate this. also be carefully studied by students in mining The amount of unavoidable loss incident to coal. classes. It is essentially a cautious document; and mining is a serious factor in estimating the available the general public will doubtless be disappointed that resources. Much coal is lost by leaving unnecessary Lord Allerton and his colleagues have made no sensa. barriers between properties, and a certain amount tional prophecies as to the probable duration of our must necessarily remain in order to support the coal supplies, and have given no indication as to the surface. The amount thus left might perhaps be way in which their estimate of the available tonnage reduced by .the introduction of the methods employed of coal compares with that of other countries. Their on the Continent and in America of packing excava- report certainly shows that, while the wal retions with water-borne sand or other materials. The sources are ample, the cost of coal is not likely to recovery of coal formerly abandoned might be decrease, as the improved methods and appliances wil facilitated by the establishment of central pumping probably be neutralised by the increased cost of workstations. ing deeper and thinner seams. Where we should be The possible economies to which attention is directed glad of clearer light from the Royal Commission is comprise the adoption of coal-cutting machines, of on the question of the probable condition of competwhich 483 were in use in 1902 and 643 in 1903, and ing coal-producing countries when the cost of pro the use of electricity for the transmission of power. duction in Great Britain is considerably raised. It is The importance of cleaning, sizing, and sorting coal futile to offer a detailed criticism of the final report is also strongly urged, and the extended adoption of until the sections containing the reports of the distric coking advocated. In this connection the advantages commissioners, the report of the geological committee of by-product coke ovens are pointed out, and it is and the minutes of evidence and appendices are shown that washing and compression render it published. The probable duration of the coulfields and possible to coke many coals previously considered the colonial and foreign coal resources appear to have worthless. It is probable that briquettes will in been dealt with in special reports written respectively future be more largely used for steam and domestic by Mr. R. Price-Williams and Mr. Bennett Brougti, purposes, and there appears to be a promising field and to these the commissioners direct attention. “ NATURE” says: “ SCHOOL WORLD” says: "The new illustrated catalogue of physical appara- The science-master in every grade of school should tus just issued by Messrs. F. E. Becker and Co. possess a copy of the new catalogue of Messrs. George, (Messrs. W. and J. George, Ltd.) is likely to prove for he will find here particulars as to the available indispensable in the physical laboratories of all our apparatus in sound, light, heat, magnetism, electri. schools and colleges. It runs to 628 large pages, and city, mechanics, and other branches of physics, with is strongly bound in cloth. Full particulars are pro information as to price and other necessary details. vided, not only respecting the apparatus required in There is a profusion of well-drawn illustrations, elementary and advanced physical teaching, but also which, together with the clearly expressed descripconcerning that necessary to the physicist in his re tions, will serve to explain to any buyer exactly what search work. All branches of physics are included, he is purchasing. This excellent catalogue will form and the instruments throughout are explained by a valuable addition to the reference library of any excellent illustrations and concise descriptions, and, pbysical laboratory." what is of prime importance, the figure and its “ CHEMICAL NEWS” says: appropriate text are close together." “Messrs. F. E. Becker and Co. (W. and J. George, “ KNOWLEDGE” says: Ltd., successors) have just issued a new Illustrated "Messrs. F. E. Becker and Co. (W. and J. George, Ltd., and Descriptive Catalogue of Physical Apparatus, &c., manufactured by them. This is the largest and best Successors) have sent us a copy of their new list of English catalogue of its kind printed, and comprises apparatus in the various departments of Physics, in- some 680 pages, and over 4000 illustrations; herein cluding Sound, Light, Heat, Magnetism, Electricity, will be found all the newest up to date apparatus Mechanics, &c. This exhaustive catalogue consists of with all the latest improvements as manufactured at over 100 pages and some 4000 illustrations. One of its their works, while all obsolete apparatus has been noteworthy features is that the requirements of omitted. The whole catalogue is arranged in a very solence teaching in this country and its colonies are clear manner under a number of principal headings, always kept in view, and the articles listed cover such as Magnetism, Heat, Sound, Light, Mechanics, the latest developments in their subjects. The method Electricity, Pneumatics, Meteorology, X-ray Apparaadopted in the list itself, together with the com tus, &c., and a good index is provided ; in fact, every. pleteness of the index, is such as to make reference thing possible has been done to make this as perfect to it simple and expeditious." a guide as possible to users of apparatus in the subjects touched upon." APPARATUS Apparatus for estimation of sulphur in spent oxide. GLASS BLOWING. BREWSTER, SMITH&CO., CHAVEMENT, LONDON. E. DEAN A RELIABLE IMPROVED FORM (AS FICURED) OF HS (PRODUCING BOTH GAS LABORATORY FURNISHERS, AND SOLUTION). Which will last for many months in constant use APPARATUS without renewals or Of every Description. cleaning. Fine Chemicals, Volumetric Solutions, N.B. – This apparatus effects Plain and Stoppered Bottles, such a great saving in mateAND EVERY LABORATORY REQUIREMENT. rial that, where in frequent Illustrated Catalogue of Apparatus, with Price use, this represents quite List of Chemicals, free on application. £i a year. DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET post free. 6 CROSS STREET &c., from rough Drawings, or repaired. Inventors' Ideas Worked out as per Instructions. A. C. COSSOR, 54 Farringdon Road, London, E.C. THE LARGEST MAKER IN ENGLAND (CONTRACTOR TO H.M. GOVERNMENT.) of Apparatus in all Departments of SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES. (Monocular and Binocular.) By Swift, Watson, Beck, Crouch, Collins, Zeiss, Leitz, &c. SECOND-HAND TELESCOPES. including Radiography, High Frequency, Hydro-Electric and (Refractor and Reflector.) VARIOUS Sizes. Light Baths, Finsen and other Light, Cautery, Electrolysis, &c. 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SCIENTIFIC AND With Illustrations, 2s. Ed. net, by post 28. 9d. EDUCATIONAL BOOKS NEW & SECOND HAND. LARGEST STOCK in LONDON of SECOND. HAND School, Classical, Mechanical, ELEMEN. TARY and ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC BOOKS THEIR EMPLOYMENT in CANCER and at about HALF PUBLISHED PRICE. other DISEASES. Mathematical, Theological, and foreign Books. KEYS AND TRANSLATIONS. RICHARD J. COWEN, L.R.C.S.I., L.R.C.P.I., &c. (ESTABLISHED 1854), 104 CHARING CROSS ROAD, London : H. J. GLAISHER, 57 Wigmore Street, W. LONDON, W.C. (Formerly of 39 IOLYWELL STREET, STRAND). NOW READY. With 815 Illustrations from Photomicrographs. Enquiries by letler receive immediate attention. Sup.-Roy. 8vo. Price 318. 6d. By Dr. CHARLTON BASTIAN, F.R.S., Consulting Physician to University College Hospital, and the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C. In addition to Medicine and the allied Sciences, the Library includes the subjects of Physics, Chemistry, Electricity, With 30 Original Illustrations. Price 25. 6d. Botany, Geology, Zoology, Astronomy, Psychology, The HYGIENE of the MOUTH. Philosophy, Sociology, Engineering, Geography and A Guide to the Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases. Travel, &c. New Works and New EDITIONS on these subjects are By R. DENISON PEDLEY, L.D.S. Eng., F.R.C.S. Ed., Dental Surgeon to the Evelina Hospital, Southwark. added to the Library immediately on publication. SUBSCRIPTION, TOWN OR COUNTRY, FROM ONE CUINEA. The DISEASES OF CHILDREN'S TEETH. Well Illustrated. Price 7s. 6d. SEGG & CO., 289 and 291 Regent Street, London, W. TO BOOKBUYERS AND LIBRARIANS OF FREE LIBRARIES. ENGLISH and FOREIGN The February Catalogue of valuable Second Hand SCIENTIFIC BOOKS Works and New Remainders, offered at prices greatly AND PERIODICALS SUPPLIED WITH DESPATCH reduced, is now ready, and will be sent post free upon AT LOWEST DISCOUNT PRICES. application to Foreign money accepted. W. H. SMITH & SON, LONDON: A. SIEGLE, 2 LANGHAM PLACE, W. Library Department, 186 Strand, London, W.C. LEWIS'S CIRCULATING BY THE SAME AUTHOR. DIP CIRCLE. OPTICALLY & MECHANICALLY THE BEST. First-class Dip Circle. Silvered scales and vernier. Level and levelling screws. Lever for centreing and lifting needle off the agate knife edges without opening the case. Antiparallax mirror. Well-made needle with case for preserving and magnetising. Price £5 5 0 THE WEST LONDON SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS CO., A. E. STALEY & CO. 19 THAVIES INN, HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON, E.C. TELESCOPE AND SCALE, Paper Scale 40 centimetres long, divided in millimetres and figured. Scale can be used horizontally or vertically as shown; and is moveable lengthwise in its clips. Stand has levelling foot for setting scale truly horizontal or vertical. Telescope has 25 mm. achromatic object glass giving sharp definition, with very convenient focussing motion. THE CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT COMPANY, LTD. RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LTD, BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. |
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