THE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. 1 PRICE 25. Results of the National Antarctic Expedition : I. Geographical. With Portrait, 4 Plates, and Magnetic Chart. By II. Notes on the Physical Geography of the Antarctic. By H. T. III. On the Meteorology of the Part of the Antarctic Regions where the Discovery Wintered. By Lieut. C. W. Royds, R.N. IV. The Distribution of Antarctic Seals and Birds. By Dr. E. A. V. Preliminary Report of the Biological Collections of the Discovery. Observations on the Antarctic Sea-Ice. By Capt. W. Colbeck, The Great Zimbabwe and other Ancient Ruins in Rhodesia. By Richard Exploration of Western Tibet and Rudok. By Capt. C. G. Rawling. (With 5 Plates and Map.) Ptolemy's Map of Asia Minor: Method of Construction. By the Rev. H. S. Cronin. (With 2 Maps.) Reviews :-Europe: British Trade. Asia: Geography of India; The Exploration of Further India; Affairs of Asia. Africa: African Races; The Masai; Azurara's Chronicle; History of Madagascar. Australasia and Pacific Islands Fiji Folk-lore. The Monthly Record. Obituary:-The Earl of Southesk; Stephen William Silver; Gabriel James Morrison; Prof. Eduard Richter; the Rev. S. L. Graham Sandberg. Correspondence :-Protection from Snow-glare. By Major R. L. Kennion. Botany of Grinnell Land. By H. C. Hart. London: EDWARD STANFORD, 12, 13, 14 Long Acre, W.C. ROYAL NOW READY. Cloth, 2 vols. royal 8vo, 948 pp., 512 Illustrations, 60 Genetic Tables, with 28 Plates. Price £2 2s. net. THE EVOLUTION OF MAN. BY ERNST HAECKEL (PROFESSOR AT JENA UNIVERSITY). The time has come for a complete, comprehensive, and constructive presentment, in a popular form, of the now irresistible evidence for the evolution of man. This Prof. Haeckel accomplishes in the new edition, recently issued in Germany, of his "Anthropogenie." It is virtually a new DUBLIN SOCIETY. work, and it entailed the better part of a year's arduous SCIENTIFIC TRANSACTIONS. New Series. Volume VIII. No. 15. Sewed. with One Plate, 15. ON THE TEMPERATURE OF CERTAIN STARS. By W. E. WILSON, D.Sc., F. R.S. New Series. Volume VIII. No. 16. Sewed, Is. THE PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS. Part I. By A. W. CONWAY, M.A., F.R.U.I., Professor of Mathematical Physics, University College, Dublin. PROCEEDINGS ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. Volume XXV. Section A. No. 3. Sewed, 6d. By RONALD ROSS, D.Sc., F.R.S., C. B. A LIST OF IRISH CELENTERATA, INCLUDING By JANE STEPHENS, B A., B.Sc. Volume XXV. Section C. No. 9. Sewed, 6d. CALENDAR OF DOCUMENTS IN THE "DIGNITAS DECANI" OF ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. By the Very Rev. J. H. BERNARD, D. D., Dean of St. Patrick's. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14 Henrietta Street, London, W.C. READY NOW. 8vo, Cloth. Price 12s. 6d. net. Second Edition Revised and Enlarged, pp. 408, with 103 Figures in Text, and 6 Coloured Plates. PRACTICAL STUDY OF MALARIA AND OTHER BLOOD PARASITES. By J. W. W. STEPHENS, M. D. Cantab., D. P. H., Walter Myers Lecturer in Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, AND S. R. CHRISTOPHERS, M.B. Vict., I.M. S. Including Malaria, Blackwater Fever, Trypanosomata (and Sleeping Sickness), Piroplasmata, Spirilla, Leishmania Donovani, Filariæ, Hæmogregarines, &c. Identification of mosquitoes, tsetse, and other biting flies, fleas and ticks. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. labour from its author. The text has been considerably augmented, the number of full-page coloured plates has grown to thirty, the number of engravings (many full-page size) to 512, and the number of genetic tables to sixty. These illustrations have all been designed and painted afresh by the author on a larger and finer scale, and are splendid examples of the artistic skill which Prof. Haeckel counts among his many attainments. It is now, both in the scientific text and the illustrations, a superb manual of human development. No reproduction, however augmented, of the older translation could give an idea of the beauty and value of the completed edition of Prof. Haeckel's world-famed book. The new translation makes two volumes, covering 948 pages, and, with one exception, all the plates and engravings have been retained. The work of editing and translating has been undertaken by Mr. Joseph McCabe, the translator of "The Riddle of the Universe." The text is rendered in plain language, as far as possible, and all technicalities are made clear to the inexpert readera task which has not been difficult in view of the 600 illustrations and tables. The work has, in fact, been written for the general reader, though even for the student it has no rival as a comprehensive statement of the evolutionary position. The first volume deals with the history of the subject, and presents a compendium of modern embryology. It is here that the wealth of illustration is greatest. The second volume discusses the evolution of the race in the light of comparative anatomy and palæontology, and has also a series of interesting chapters on the evolution of particular organs-organs of sense, re- . production, nerves, &c. The argument and attitude are scientific throughout, and the author never quits the biological territory on which he speaks with almost unrivalled authority to-day. There is a full Index, and also an adequate Glossary. The work has been printed from new type on the best paper, and is strongly and handsomely bound. Agents of the Rationalist Press Association, Limited: WATTS & CO., 17 Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. Now Ready. Pp. xxiv + 466. With Maps and Illustrations. The Cambridge Biological Series.-.. Royal 8vo. 16s. net. A TREATISE ON PLAGUE. Dealing IMMUNITY AND BLOOD Cambridge Geographical Series. General Editor: F. H. H. GUILLEMARD, M. D. THE GEOGRAPHY OF DISEASE. By FRANK G. CLEMOW, M.D. (Edin.), D. P. H. (Camb.), BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.-"The works of all these writers (Hirsch, Lombard, Davidson, and others) have to a greater or less extent become classics, and there is every reason to expect that Dr. Clemow's book will attain the same position. . The information is conveyed in a readable and scholarly style throughout." General Editor-ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., F R.S THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SOME COMMON ANIMALS. By OSWALD H. LATTER M.A., Senior Science Master of Charterhouse. Crown 82 5s. net. A MANUAL AND DICTIONARY OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. By J. C. WILLIS, M. A., Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. Second Edition, Revised and Rearranged. In One Volume. Crown 8vo. 105. bd. TREES. A Handbook of Forest Botany for the Woodlands and the Laboratory. By H. MARSHALL WARD, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Botany ir the University of Cambridge. Vol. I. BUDS and TWIGS; Vol. II. LEAVES. With Numerous Illustra tions. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. net each. (To be completed in Six Volumes :-III. INFLORES CENCES and FLOWERS. IV. FRUITS and SEEDS V. SEEDLINGS. VI. GENERAL CHARACTERS.) GRASSES. A Handbook for Use in the Field and Laboratory. By H. MARSHALL WARD, D.Sc., F.R.S. With 81 Figures. Crown 8vo. 6s. THE ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. By FRANCIS DARWIN, M.A., M. B., F. R.S. With 94 Illustrations. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 45. 6d. PRACTICAL PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS. By FRANCIS DARWIN, M. A., FR.S, and E. HAMILTON ACTON. M. A. Crown 8vo. With 45 Illustrations. Second Edition. 45. 6d. London: Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. C. F. CLAY, Manager. Including dense flint glass prism, with micrometer movement, reading to 1 minute. Universally acknowledged to be the most MAKER OF PHYSICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS. RICHARD CLAY ANU SONS, LTD., BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. MR. C. H. HAMILTON records in Science that the worldrenowned volcano Kilauea, in the Hawaiian Islands, has again become active, after a rest of thirteen years. Fresh lava appeared the last week of February, heralded by a slight earthquake. On March 10 the Volcano House reported the existence of a large lake of lava. "Heavy rumblings and explosions indicate that another outbreak is imminent." Thus there seems to be a restoration of the old-time activity-such as will cause a large increase in the number of visitors. DR. DAVISON states in a letter to the Times that a detailed record of the Indian earthquake was given by a horizontal pendulum at Birmingham. The first tremors were registered at 1h. 6m. 18s. a.m., and were succeeded at th. 29m. 2s. by long-period undulations lasting for more than an hour and a half. The more prominent of these undulations were in two series, separated by a few minutes, and little more than two hours later the diagram showed another double group of waves. The early tremors took a direct course through the body of the earth; the first double series travelled along the surface by the shortest way to Birmingham, while the second double series followed the longest possible route, through the antipodes, and back again to Birmingham. IT is announced in Science that Dr. Frank Schlesinger has been elected director of the New Allegheny Observatory. The observatory has an endowment fund, and a regular income from the time service, besides owning a large and valuable property in the City of Allegheny, which will become a source of income in the near future. Work has not been suspended on account of lack of funds, and much has been accomplished toward the instrumental equipment during the past year. The Keeler memorial telescope of 30-inch aperture is now ready to be set up, and the large (Porter) spectroheliograph is almost completed. The 30-inch objective is well under way, and other instruments will be installed during the year under the directorate of Dr. Schlesinger. AT the meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute, held on April 11, Sir Frederick Pollock read a paper on Imperial Organisation. He deprecated the national faculty of compromise, and asked, could we go on trusting to compromises and accidents? It is necessary to look, he continued, for some plan which will avoid elaborate legislature and formal change in the Constitution. We must be content for the present with a council of advice which will have only "persuasive authority." A permanent secretary's office is required, independent of any existing department, but immediately under the president of the Imperial council. The best living information ought to be at the service of this Imperial council through its secretariat; and this can be most effectively done, without ostentation and with very little expense, by the constitution of a permanent Imperial commission the members of which will represent all branches of knowledge and research, outside the art of war, most likely to be profitable in Imperial affairs. Not only learned and official persons would be included in such a body, but men of widespread business, travellers, ethnologists, comparative students of politics might all find scope for excellent work. It need not be paid work. It would be as willingly done without pecuniary reward as the more formal and laborious work of Royal Commissions, as to which there has never been any difficulty. Of the need for some such advisory council to secure national efficiency there can be no doubt, and it is earnestly to be desired that hopes and schemes, like that of Sir F. Pollock, will soon fructify in accomplished fact. A select advisory council on which men of science familiar with the scientific advances of recent years took a prominent place would assist statesmen to secure national efficiency more than any other expedient. REPORTS of the annual general, meeting of the Chemical Society and of the anniversary dinner are given in the Proceedings of the society, just issued. The following extracts from the official account of remarks made at the dinner by Mr. R. B. Haldane, as to the neglect of science by the British nation in the past, and the promise of an improved position in the future, are of interest :-The problem which lay in front of the British nation was how to develop what he might call the grey matter of the executive brain. All the things spoken of that night represented something new in the nation, and not only something new, but something of which they would have to see a great deal more if the nation was to hold its own in these days. Science counted for more than ever it did. The West had had a rude awakening at the hands of the East. The controversies which agitated the minds of politicians were of less importance than the great question of how to make the permanent element in politics more powerful and better than it was. There was too little science in the present day, although one or two things had been done for which they were very grateful, in connection with the Navy and the Army and the Defence Committee. If they turned to the different departments of the Government there was hardly one which did not require science, if its policy was to be an effective policy. Wherever they turned science was needed, and yet there was not sufficient attraction to a man of high attainments to put himself at the disposition of the State. Foreign Governments held out careers far in excess of any rewards and honours which the British Government could afford. Was it impossible to see an era in which the head of the Government could have at his disposition the first intelligence and the best brains which the nation could command? If we were to hold our own we must not be behind Berlin, the United States, or the French nation. Science never stands still, and if science does not stand still, Governments cannot afford to stand still in their use of science. These were speculations which, perhaps, went beyond the moment, but he had a strong feeling that the time was very nearly, if not quite, ripe for them. They would see what was the mind of the nation on this point, and doubtless they would be subjected to the acute disappointment to which all were usually subjected when they formed great expectations. He hoped to see the position of science raised in the next few years, and he looked to the time when brute force would count for little, and knowledge for more. WE have received from Messrs. R. Friedländer and Sons, of Berlin, a priced catalogue of books and papers dealing with vertebrate anatomy and physiology. PART xxxi. of the Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union contains the reports of that body for the years 1903 and 1904, and also a reprint of the excursion circulars for the same period. A satisfactory feature in the work of the union is the care devoted to the collection of photographs of important geological sections within its sphere of influence. PROF. J. S. KINGSLEY discusses in the February number of the American Naturalist the current nomenclature and homology of the component bones of the lower jaw of reptiles, pointing out that there is still some uncertainty with regard to the proper determination of one of these elements in crocodiles. The other articles are on natural and artificial parthenogenesis, by Dr. A. Petrunkevitch; on the angle of deviation from the vertical at which stems show the strongest geotropical response, by Miss Haynes ; and on the variation in the ray-flowers of Rudbeckia, by Dr. R. Pearl. In the April number of Bird Notes and News reference is made to certain common misapprehensions in regard to the authorities responsible for protective regulations, and it is pointed out that many of these emanate from county councils. To the agriculturist and the horticulturist it is, however, of little consequence whether the alleged overprotection of birds in his particular district is the work of the local or of the Imperial Parliament, for the difficulty of getting ordinances repealed appears as difficult in the one case as in the other. In the statement on p. 61 as to the sale of skins of " Argus pheasants from the Himalayas," it should have been pointed out that "Argus pheasant "is the trade name for the peacock pheasants (Euplocamus) of the Himalaya, the true Argus having a very different habitat. THE following quotation in the February issue of the American Naturalist from a work by Messrs. Gilbert and Starks on the fishes of the two sides of the Isthmus of Panama has a very great interest from the point of view of distribution in general:-"The ichthyological evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of the existence of a former open communication between the two oceans, which must have become closed at a period sufficiently remote from the present to have permitted the specific differentiation of a very large majority of the forms involved. . . . All evidence concurs in fixing the date of that connection at some time prior to the Pleistocene, probably in the early Miocene." This agrees precisely with the conclusions drawn from the study of the fossil mammalian faunas of North and South America, which indicate that land communication between those two continents was interrupted during a considerable portion of the Tertiary epoch, and only reestablished about the close of the Miocene or early part of the Pliocene epoch. THE existence of an entirely distinct second family type of lancelets (Cephalochordata) is demonstrated by Dr. R. Goldschmidt in Biol. Centralblatt of April 1. It appears that in 1889 Dr. A. Günther described a lancelet obtained during the Challenger Expedition as a new species, under the name of Branchiostoma pelagicum, its special characteristic being the absence of a tentacle-apparatus. Indian Public Health for March (vol. i. No. 8) contains articles on septic tank installations in Bengal, sewage disposal in India, Hankin's views on plague epidemiology, the Finsen method, &c. IN the Revue scientifique (April 8) M. Calmette, the director of the Pasteur Institute, Lille, writes on the im portant rôle played by medical science in the successful colonisation of tropical countries, instancing such diseases as cholera, leprosy, plague, and malaria, which can be robbed of their terrors only by the institution of efficient sanitary control in the districts in which they occur. MAJOR RONALD Ross, F.R.S., in a letter to the Times (April 7) directs attention to the remarkable diminution in malarial disease which has accompanied the institution of anti-mosquito measures at Klang and Port Swetter ham in the Federated Malay States. The former, with a population of 3576, and the latter of about 700, were both towns, 236 sick certificates and 1026 days of leave were IN a short paper which appeared in the Botanica Gazette (February) Mr. C. H. Chamberlain advances the opinion that an alternation of generations as understand by botanists for plants can be recognised in animals. The egg with the three polar bodies constitutes a generation comparable with the female gametophyte in plants similarly, the primary spermatocyte with the four spermatozoa constitute a generation comparable with the mile gametophyte in plants. All other cells of the animal cor stitute a generation comparable with the sporophytic generation in plants. Two debated points connected with the problems geotropism in plants, i.c. the seat of geotropic sensibilit", and the statolith theory simultaneously advanced by Haberlandt and Němec, form the subject of a critical review ** Dr. Linsbauer, who writes in Naturwissenschaftlick Wochenschrift (March, No. 11). The reviewer may be regarded as an adherent to the statolith theory, and not that although the role of statoliths is generally attribuimi to starch grains, in their absence other bodies, such a crystals of calcium oxalate, or certain bright bodies four in the rhizoids of Chara, may function similarly. THE Bulletin of the American Geographical Society for tains an article on the work of the Reclamation Servi of the United States, by Mr. C. J. Blanchard. During the last three and a half years a sum of nearly twent five million dollars has been realised from the sale o public lands, and work has been begun on eight irrigat projects which will make an area of about one mile acres productive. The National Geographic Magazin he March has a short article, with excellent illustrations, r the same subject. MESSRS. W. STANFORD AND Co., of Oxford, have sent us specimens of a number of outline maps of the world, on Mollweide's equal-area projection; also a map of the Atlantic Ocean, on the same projection. The maps are well drawn and clearly printed; the larger scale maps should be extremely useful for purposes of research and teaching, while the smaller maps are well adapted for The employment of equal-area maps in representing distribution cannot be too strongly recommended, and in providing such maps at very moderate prices Messrs. Stanford have done good service. museum use. IN ore-dressing operations and in laboratory work much confusion is caused by the practice of describing the sieve or screen employed by the number of the mesh. A sieve of 30 mesh, for example, does not possess an aperture of one-thirtieth of an inch, nor does it yield a product of which the largest particles will be one-thirtieth of an inch in diameter. With coarse sieves the error is not of great moment, but with fine sieves the wire itself occupies so much space that the size of the particle passed by the sieve may vary from a quarter to two-thirds of the size indicated by the word "mesh." Consequently, in ordering wire screens or in recording results it is desirable to specify the size of aperture rather than the number of the mesh. In order to enable this to be done, Mr. G. T. Holloway has drawn up a valuable series of tables, calculated on the British Imperial Standard wire gauge, showing the size of aperture in screen wire cloth of all the principal sizes in use down to the very finest. The tables have been duplicated, one series showing the figures in decimals of an inch, and the other, for the use of those who still prefer to employ vulgar fractions, in both decimals and vulgar fractions. The tables, which have been published in pamphlet form (Bulletin No. 5 of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy), have been calculated with great care, and should do much towards effecting uniformity in the nomenclature of sieve-mesh. THE Geological Survey of Western Australia is publishing, in handy octavo form, a valuable series of bulletins, of which we have received three. One of them, dealing with the mineral production of the colony up to the end of 1903, is written by Mr. A. Gibb Maitland and Mr. C. F. V. Jackson. It shows that the total value of the mineral products was 47,779,000l., gold alone representing a value of 46,441,000l. Other minerals mined include copper, tin, lead, silver, iron, antimony and cobalt ores, coal, graphite, limestone, precious stone, mica, asbestos, and salt. In the other bulletins Mr. C. G. Gibson deals with the mineral resources of the Murchison goldfield and of Southern Cross, Yilgarn goldfield. The reports and the accompanying coloured maps throw much light on the geology of the districts, and indicate that the areas described deserve more attention from the mining prospector than they have hitherto received. The Murchison goldfield is of some historical interest in that in 1855, when its economic value was purely prospective, it was officially stated to have the appearance of being one of the finest goldfields in the world. Although it has not come up to these high expectations, it is one of the most important goldfields in the colony, and contains not only one of the largest quartz veins mined anywhere, but also the iron ore deposits of the Weld range, which, though practically valueless owing to their inaccessibility, are among the richest in the world. MR. V. KOUSNETZOFF communicated to the Bulletin of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences of September last some us ful formula for the determination of the height of aurora borealis. He also gave tabular and graphical results of its occurrence at Pavlovsk from January 1, 1878, to the end of 1903. The tables show, generally, an eleven years' period, as in the case of sun-spots, but the details of the two curves do not correspond. The maxima of the auroræ occurred in 1887 and 1896, and the minima in 1884 and 1894, but this divergence may be due to the occurrence of cloud. The annual period is well marked, the maxima being in March and October, and the minima in January and July. IN the Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles of March last M. F. A. Forel summarises his own observations and those made by others on the occurrence of Bishop's Ring, following the great volcanic eruption of Mont Pelée (Martinique) on May 8, 1902. Bishop's Ring, as most of our readers are aware, consists of a solar corona of great diameter; it appears to be formed of two parts, a limb of a dazzling silvery hue being immediately round the sun, and, beyond this, a coppery red ring of some 20°-25° exterior radius. The ring appears to have been first observed in the winter of 1902-3, but only became general towards the end of July, 1903, and was constantly seen until November of that year. After that time it became less frequent, and ceased altogether in July, 1904. The phenomenon is best seen from an elevated station, and when the sun is high above the horizon.. The intensity of the colours of the ring was less than in that which followed the Krakatoa eruption in 1883. United Bulletin No. 35 of the United States Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, will be found of great interest to those who wish to know something about the present stage of long-range weather forecasting. The first chapter is written by Prof. Garriott, and presents a verification of the work of the most prominent of the socalled long-range weather forecasters in the States. Prof. Garriott considers chapter and verse of the forecast with the actual facts, and shows conclusively the fallacy of these predictions. Prof. Woodward, in the second chapter, devotes his attention to the impossibility of basing weather predictions on planetary influences, and at the same time criticises the work of Mr. Tice embodied in a book on the elements of meteorology. Perhaps the most interesting portions of this Bulletin are the pages devoted to a discussion by Prof. Garriott of the subject of long-range forecasting by many of the leading meteorologists of the world. It may be said to be a brief review of the literature on the subject, and gives quotations of their opinions regarding the practicability of longrange work. At the end is given a summary of the remarks and opinions expressed and a series of conclusions based on them, and we refer the reader to the Bulletin for these conclusions. There is one which may be mentioned here, since by recent work in this country it has been brought prominently forward. Advances in the period and accuracy of weather forecasts depend upon a more exact study and understanding of atmospheric pressure over great areas and a determination of the influences, probably solar, that are responsible for normal and abnormal distributions of atmospheric pressure over the earth's surface." No. 3 of vol. ii. of Le Radium contains useful articles on uraniferous minerals and their deposits, and on the methods used in the measurement of the quantity of heat evolved by radio-active substances. PROF. MCCLELLAND has recently shown that the emanation of radio-active substances does not carry an electrical charge, and the same conclusion is arrived at by means |