known attack upon a French frigate and her convoy, in the bay of Rosar, by the boats of the squadron under command of Sir Benjamin Hallowell, November 1809. In 1810 and 1811, he was variously employed against the enemy, in the landing on the coast of France under the batteries of Cortal, in the attack on Amentina, and in the siege of Tarragona. After this he became aid-de-camp to Hallowell in the conjoint operations on the coast of Catalonia, and was more than once in danger of being taken by the enemy. In June 1813, he occupied, with a force of one hundred marines, the fort of Coll de Balognan, the fatigues and anxious responsibility of which post seriously affected his health. Returning to England in 1814, he did garrison duty at Portsmouth, Chatham, and Woolwich, was embarked for a year in the Victory, at the former port, recruited at Salisbury, Maidstone, and St. Albans, and received his majority at Woolwich. In 1832 he commanded a party of marines at Pembroke, in the neighbourhood of which place he died on the 15th of October, 1836, having only a few days before become lieutenant-colonel, He was a gallant officer, and much respected by all to whom he was known.

BAILLET, (Adrien,) a celebrated French writer, was born at Neuville, at the small village of Hez, not far distant from Beauvais, in Picardy, on the 13th of June, 1649, of poor parents. The Franciscan monks of the convent of La Garde, where he often went to serve the mass, seeing his good disposition, wished to have him educated at their expense, in the hope of persuading him to become a monk; but fortunately for Baillet, the curate of Neuville advised his father not to agree to this proposal, and having taken the boy under his care, taught him the first rudiments of the Latin language, and soon after placed him in the college of Beauvais. His success, however, was not of the most shining character; dedicating the whole of his attention to language and history, borrowing books, and even robbing his father for the sake of buying them. At the age of eighteen he knew the Hebrew language, and whilst studying rhetoric, he composed chronological tables, and a common-place book of extracts, principally from the fathers and councils, which he called Juvenilia; at the end of his studies he was appointed teacher of the fifth form, from which, in 1674, he was promoted to the fourth; two years after

he took orders, and accepted the vicarage of Lardières, worth about thirty pounds per annum; yet with this small sum he maintained a brother and a servant, and continued to indulge his passion for purchasing books. To do so, he drank nothing but water, had no other food but brown bread, occasionally a little bacon, and a few herbs from his garden, boiled in water with salt, and whitened with a little milk. At the recommendation of Hermant, in 1680, he was made librarian of the young advocate-general, Lamoignon, son of the first president of parliament of that name; and such was his application, that in 1642 he had already compiled the Catalogue Raisonné of that extensive library, in thirty-five volumes, folio, all written by himself, in which he did not only mention the authors who have ex professo treated the different subjects, but also all the places from the different writers who have spoken of the same subjects en passant, the whole arranged under two divisions-authors' names and subjects; the Latin preface to which latter division was severely criticized by Menage, whom Baillet had treated rather disrespectfully.

The life which he led during the whole time he continued librarian to Lamoignon, was of the most extraordinary nature. He went out only once a week, on Mondays; never slept more than five hours, and most frequently with his clothes on; ate once a day; never drank wine; never approached the fire to warm himself but when he received visits, and as soon as he was left alone he put it out. In his exterior he was extremely negligent; and in writing, the first expression that presented itself, was the one that was generally adopted. He seems never to have looked over what he had written, for in his MSS. there were no erasures. But such was his good temper, his moral conduct, and his charity to the poor, that notwithstanding his repulsive appearance, he was esteemed, loved, and respected by all who knew him. This system of life, however, his extreme abstemiousness and close confinement, could not but undermine a constitution naturally weak; and on the 21st January, 1706, he died, at the age of fifty-six.

His works are many, but not all of equal merit. The celebrated Jugement des Savans, in four volumes, appeared the first, which he gave to a bookseller with no other reserve than that of a few copies for presents. This undertaking, much too great to be executed by a

single man, was to consist of six parts; in the first he was to treat of the most celebrated printers, critics, philologists, grammarians, and translators of all sorts. 2. Of poets, ancient and modern, writers of romances and tales in prose, rhetoricians, orators, and letter writers in Latin, as well as in any of the modern languages. 3. Of historians, geographers, and chronologists. 4. Of philosophers, physicians, and mathematicians. 5. Authors upon the civil and canon law, politics and ethics. 6. Writers on divinity, and heretics, of all sorts, classes, and descriptions. Of this immense work, Baillet wrote only the first, and part of the second division; and though, in point of fact, it be a simple collection of the opinions of others, with scarcely any of the writer's, yet it attracted attention and excited the hostility of many critics. Father Commire was the first who led the way, in a short poem entitled, Asinus in Parnasso, which was followed by Asinus ad Lyrum, and by Asinus Judex, and an anonymous poem, followed with Asinus Pictor, all in defence of Menage. To these Baillet answered in the preface of the work on the poets, in five volumes, in which he tried to vindicate himself; but these were attacked by Menage in his Anti-Baillet, and by the Reflexions, &c. par un Académicien, under the imprint of Hague, but in reality printed in France, and written by the celebrated Jesuit, Father Tellier; as the whole of that order could not pardon Baillet the praise which he had bestowed on the Port Royal writers, and the criticism which he had passed on some of their order. But amongst a great deal of chicanery and cavil, some of the censures are undoubtedly just. The greatest mèrit, however, of Baillet, is to have formed a vast plan, well imagined, which has served as a model to those who have followed him. 2. The next work of our author, and perhaps the most amusing of all, was Des Enfans devenu célèbres par leurs Etudes, et par leurs Ecrits, published in Paris, 1688, which soon became a popular book, recommended by all teachers. 3. Des Satires Personelles, Traité Historique et Critique de celles qui portent le titre d'Anti, published in 1689, in one vol. 12mo. The origin of this work deserves notice. It is a sort of answer to the Anti-Baillet of Menage, or a collection of catalogues of all the works which bear the title of Anti, beginning with the Anti-Cato of Caesar, and ending with the Anti-Baillet, in which he shows all

6.

personal criticisms to be odious. 4. In 1690, Baillet undertook another and more useful work, on the Auteurs déguisés sous des Noms Etrangers, &c. ou changés d'une Langue en une autre. It is but the preface of a more copious work, which he laid aside at the representation of his friends. The above four works have been republished in seven vols, 4to, Paris, 1722, with copious notes by La Monnoye; and in 1725, in 8 vols, in Holland, with the Reflexions, &c. by Tellier, and his own life by Frion, his nephew. 5. Vie de Descartes, two vols, 4to, Paris, 1691, which was criticised very justly in a pamphlet ascribed by Le Long to Gallois, and by Marchand to Le Tellier, but which is the production of the Jesuit Boschet, who induced hin to abridge it in one vol, 12mo, for a second edition, which Mr. Chalmers thinks he was prevented publishing by death, but which in fact he published in 1693. Histoire de la Hollande, depuis la Trève de 1609, où finit Grotius, jusqu'à notre Temps, 1690, published in four vols, 12mo, under the assumed name of La Neuville. 7. De la Dévotion à la Sainte Vierge et du Culte qui lui est du, 12mo, 1694. 8. De la Conduite des Ames, 1695, 12mo, under the assumed name of Daret de Villeneuve. Saints, of which there were two editions in 1701, three vols, folio, and twelve vols, 8vo, forming a volume for each month. To this he added, two years after, the Histoire des Fêtes Mobiles, les Vies des Saints de l'Ancien Testament, la Chronologie et la Topographie des Saints. 10. Les Maximes de S. Etienne de Grammont, translated from the Latin. 11. Vie de Godefroi Hermant, who had been his protector and confessor. 12. Histoire des Démêlés du Pope Boniface VIII. avec Philippe-le-Bel, Roi de France, edited by father Le Long, in 1718. 13. Relation de la Moscovie, published under the anagram of his name of Balthasar d'Hezenei de la Neuville. Besides many other works.

9. Vie des

BAILLEUL, (Nicolas Louis de,) a celebrated French lawyer, descended from the Nicolas Bailleul who rendered some important services to Henry IV. of France. In 1677 he became a counsellor of the parliament, and in 1685 the reversion of its presidency, then filled by his father, was given to him, and he came into possession in 1689. He died on the 14th of August, 1714, leaving an only son, who died without issue in 1718.

BAILLEUX, (Antoine,) a French

musician, who lived in Paris about the middle of the last century. His Six Quartette Sinfonias, (1758,) and Six Sinfonies à grand Orchestre, (1767,) obtained for him considerable reputation. He published in 1770 his great work, Méthode pour apprendre facilement la Musique vocale et instrumentale, fol., which went through three editions, each time corrected and improved.

BAILLIE, (John,) a director of the East India Company, was born in 1772. In Nov. 1791, he arrived in Bengal as a cadet. In 1797 he was employed by lord Teignmouth to translate from the Arabic a work on Mahommedan law, which was compiled by Sir William Jones; and on the establishment of the college of Fort William, was appointed to the professorship of the Arabic and Persian languages, and of the Mahommedan law then instituted. Shortly after the commencement of the Mahratta war, Baillie, who had attained the rank of captain, joined the army at the siege of Agra. The unsettled state of the important province of Bundlecund rendering necessary the superintendence of an officer qualified, by his knowledge and abilities, to conduct the various negotiations on which depended the establishment of the British authority in the province, the commander-in-chief, with the approbation of the government, appointed Baillie political agent, which office he filled from 1803 to 1807. The object of the British government was one the importance of which could only be equalled by the difficulty attending its accomplishment. It was necessary to occupy a considerable tract of hostile country in the name of the Peishwa; to suppress a combination of refractory chiefs, and to conciliate others; to superintend the operations of both the British troops and their native auxiliaries; and to establish the British civil power, and the collection of revenue, in a country menaced with foreign invasion and disturbed with internal commotion. These operations were rendered necessary by the circumstance that from a very early period an invasion of our western provinces had been threatened by the aid of the military chieftains in Bundlecund. Within the brief space of three months, captain Baillie succeeded in fulfilling the designs of his government, and, in truth, merited the applauses bestowed on him by the governor-general, who, in a letter to the court of directors, declared that "the British authority in Bundlecund was alone preserved by his

fortitude, ability, and influence." He was named, in July 1804, a member of the commission for the administration of the affairs of Bundlecund, and when the introduction of the regular civil and judicial system into that province was effected- an object attained chiefly through the exertions of captain Bailliehe returned (July 1805) to the presidency. He, however, returned to Bundlecund, on a second mission, in the December of that year, in order to complete some arrangements for the permanent establishment of the Company's rights in the province. In this he was entirely successful, and was thus the means of effecting the peaceable transfer to the British possessions, of a territory whose revenue did not fall short of eighteen lacs of rupees, or 225,000l. sterling. On the death of colonel Collins, in 1807, captain Baillie was appointed to succeed him as resident at Lucknow, where he remained till the end of 1815, and in June 1818 was placed on the retired list. He became major in 1811, and lieutenant-colonel in 1815. After his return to England he was, in 1820, elected to parliament as member for Heydon, which seat he occupied until 1830. In that year he was returned by the burghs of Inverness, and rechosen in 1831 and 1832. He was elected a director of the East India Company in 1823. He died on the 20th of April, 1833, in the sixtyof his age. first year

BAILLIE, (Matthew,) a physician of distinguished celebrity, born October 27, 1761. He was the son of the Rev. James Baillie, D.D., professor of divinity in the university of Glasgow, and Dorothea, sister of Dr. William and Mr. John Hunter, the celebrated anatomists and physiologists. His early education was conducted at the grammarschool of Hamilton, and in 1773 he was sent to the college of Glasgow, where he attended for two seasons the Greek and Latin classes, and afterwards the mathematics, logic, and moral philosophy, under Dr. Reid. Having obtained an exhibition he was admitted in 1779 of Baliol college, Oxford, where he took degrees in arts and in physic; the latter in 1789. His time during the vacations was advantageously employed in London, where he resided with his uncle William, by whose advice, and under whose direction, he had embraced the medical profession. He made preparations for the Hunterian Museum, and conducted the business of the dissecting room. Upon the death of

and prefixed to it a life of the author. In this are recorded some dissections, principally made from 1784 to 1793.

Many anecdotes have been recorded by his biographers, (Wardrop, Pettigrew, and others,) illustrative of the generosity of Baillie and the excellence of his heart. Few men had more friends, or were more sincerely beloved. The leading features of his character were simplicity, singleness of heart, and the most perfect ingenuousness. He married the daughter of Dr. Denman, sister of the present lord chief justice of England, and his sister Joanna Baillie is well known as a writer of distinguished genius and ability. Dr. Baillie's works, in addition to those already noticed, consist of-The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most important Parts of the Human Body, Lond. 1793, 8vo; second edit. 1797; Appendix, 1798, 8vo. This has gone through many editions; the best is that by Wardrop, in 1825, who has prefixed to it Preliminary Observations on Diseased Structures. It has been translated into German by Söemmering, Berlin, 1794; and by Hohnbaum in 1820. It has also been translated into Italian by Gentili, Padua, 1807; and by Zami, Venet. 1820; and into French by Ferrall, Paris, 1803; and by Guerbois, 1815. A series of Engravings, with Explanations to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy, Lond. 1799-1802, 4to. Dr. Baillie contributed to various learned Transactions; to the Royal Society, into which he was elected a fellow in 1789, he furnished an Account of a very singular Case of Transposition of the Viscera, in which those of the right side of the thorax and abdomen were all found on the left, and vice versa; and an Account of a Particular Change of Structure in the Human Ovarium. These are printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1788 and 1789. To the Transactions of a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge, he made eleven communications; and to the Transactions of the Royal College of Physicians he furnished seven valuable papers, all of which have been printed. In 1794 Dr. Baillie published an edition of the work on the Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus, by Dr. William Hunter, to which he prefixed an excellent Introduction. This has been translated into German by L. F. de Froriep, Weimar, 1802, 8vo.

BAILLIE, (William,) an ingenious amateur engraver, born in Ireland about the year 1736. After acquiring the rank

of captain of cavalry, he devoted the remainder of his life to the study of the fine arts. By this gentleman there are several plates engraved in various manners, but his most esteemed productions are those in the style of Rembrandt, and his copies after the etchings of that master. The works of captain Baillie consist of about one hundred plates, a list of the principal of which is to be found in Bryan's Dictionary of Painters.

BAILLON, (Emmanuel,) a French naturalist, who died at Abbeville in 1802. He was a correspondent of Buffon, who mentions him in his works with praise. He published a valuable memoir on the Causes of Decay in Wood, and the Means of Remedy. He was the author also of two other memoirs, one communicated to the Society of Agriculture at Paris on the moving sands on the coast of the Pas-de-Calais. (Biog. Univ.)

BAILLOT, (Pierre, 1752—1815,) a native of Dijon, eminent as a professor of French literature and rhetoric at the Lyceum. He was the author of some poems printed in the Feuille de Bourgogne, &c.; but his publications consisted chiefly of books for the instruction of youth. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.)

BAILLOT, (Etienne Catherine,) a French advocate, born at Evry-sur-Aube in 1758. As a zealous partizan of the revolution, he was a member of the National Assembly. In 1796 he retired to his department, and gave himself up to agriculture, occupying his leisure hours with a poor translation of Juvenal, in French prose, which was printed, and in collecting materials for a history of Champagne, which remains in MS. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.)

BAILLOU, (William, or Guillaume de, 1538-1616,) the son of Nicholas Baillou, an architect of eminence, was born at Perche, acquired a profound knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages at an early period, and taught them in the university of Paris, where he was received as a doctor of medicine in 1570. He displayed an intimate acquaintance with his profession, and was elected dean of the faculty in 1580. At this period a pestilential fever raged in Paris, and occasioned great desolation; the inhabitants of the city fled from their homes, and the university was almost entirely deserted. In this state Baillou remained at his post, and was active in the performance of his professional duties, and adopted every means in his power to check the ravages of the epidemic. At