MAINE DE BIRAN (1766-1824).—The ego and the soul, 212.
MALEBRANCHE (1638-1715).—Ethics, 58-61; certitude and vision in God,

121-123; intelligible extension and bodies, 164-166; the intercom-
munication of substances: theory of occasional causes, 233-235; the
existence of God, 300; nature and action of God, 311-315; Providence
and optimism, 314.

MAMERTUS, CLAUDIANUS (flourished circa middle of fifth century).—Spiri-
tuality of the soul, 193.

MANSEL (1820-1871).-Religious criticism, 339-340.

MARCUS AURELIUS (121-180 A.D.).—Ethics, 41-42; the existence of evil,
267; religious feeling, 268; immortality of the soul, 362.

MARSILIO FICINO (1433-1499).-Philosophy of the Renaissance, 196.
MARTHA. Work on Lucretius referred to, 25, 360; quoted, 37.
MELANCHTHON (1497-1560).—The soul and the body, 229, 230.
MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873).—Utilitarian ethics, 84-87; certainty,
133; phenomenalism, 205, 206; knowledge and religious belief, 340.
MOLESCHOTT, JACOB (born 1822).-Materialism, 178, 206.

MONTAIGNE (1533-1592).--Scepticism, 118.

NEWTON (1642-1727).-Space and the existence of God, 301.

NICOLAUS OF AUTRICURIA (flourished circa middle of 14th century).-
Atomism, 158.

OCKAM, WILLIAM OF (died circa 1349).-Nominalism: faith separated from
knowledge, 117; the soul and the body, 229; impossibility of an
infinite chain of causes, 279.

OLLE-LAPRUNE.-Quoted on Aristotle, 17; on the philosophy of Male-
branche, 166.

PANAETIUS (born circa 180 B.C.).-Negation of the immortality of the soul,
360.

PARMENIDES (born circa 515 B.C.).—Antithesis between knowledge and
opinion, 95; matter, 148; mind, 181; the spiritual and the corporeal
not distinguished by, 215.

PAUL, ST.-On charity, 47, 48; on faith, 115; the spirit, 191.

PHERECYDES OF SYROS (flourished circa 600 B.C.).—Belief in immortality,
351.

PHILO OF LARISSA (flourished circa 75 B.C.).—Theory of certainty: eclec-
ticism, 108.

PHILO THE JEW (born circa 25 B.C.).—Theory of the pneuma, 190-191.
PHOCYLIDES (born 560 B.c.).—Moral reflections of, 3.

PINDAR (born circa 522 B.C.).—Belief in immortality, 351.

PLATO (428-347 B.C.).—Ethics, 10-16; the sovereign good, 13-16; doctrine
of expiation, 16; the Ideas and certainty, 98, 99; theory of matter,
150-152; the world soul and individual souls, 184, 185; matter and
the Idea, 217, 218; the soul and the body, 219; the idea of the good,
252-254; proofs of the existence of God, 254-256; Providence, 257 ;
immortality of the soul: doctrine of pre-existence and metempsy-
chosis, 353-355.

PLOTINUS (died 269 A.D.).-Ethics, 42-44; certitude and ecstasy, 115;
matter, 157, 158; theory of the soul, 191, 192; the soul and the body,
227, 228; theology: the Alexandrian Trinity: doctrine of procession
and the return to God, 268-271; the future life and metempsychosis,
363.

POMPONATIUS (died 1525).—The soul, 196.

PORPHYRY (flourished circa 260 A.D.).-Ethics, 44, 45.

PRANTL.-Quoted, 158.

PRAXAGORAS (4th century B.C.).-Theory of the pneuma, 223.
PROTAGORAS (born circa 491 B.C.).—Ethics, 5; scepticism, 96, 251.

PYRRHO (time of Alexander the Great).-Ethics, 30, 31; scepticism, 104,

105.

PYTHAGORAS (born circa 582 B.C.).—Ethics, 3, 4; matter, 147, 148; mind,
182; matter and mind, 215; metempsychosis, 382.

RAVAISSON (born 1813).—Theory of the soul, 212; on Aristotle's proof of a
first mover, 263-264; work on the Metaphysics of Aristotle referred
to, 269; spiritualism, 348.

REGIUS (LE ROY), (1632-1707).—The union of soul and body accidental not
essential, 365.

REID, THOMAS (1710-1796). --Common sense doctrine of the soul, 212, 213.
RENAN, ERNEST (1823-1892).-- His work on Averroës referred to, 196;
religious criticism, 348.

RENOUVIER (born 1815).—View of religion, 348.

REYNAUD, JEAN (1806-63).--Immortality of the soul, 372, 373.

RICHARD OF ST. VICTOR (died 1173).-Six degrees in contemplation, 52 ;
proof of the existence of God a contingentia mundi, 279.

RITTER (1779-1859).—History of Greek philosophy referred to, 147, 196.
ROUSSEAU J. J. (1712-1778).-Deism, 330, 331; a future life, 369.
SAINT-LAMBERT (1716-1803).—Materialism, 206.

SAISSET, ÉMILE.—Work on Ænesidimus referred to, 111; work on the
argument of St. Anselm referred to, 278; religious philosophy,
344-348.

SCHELLING (1775-1854).—Theory of matter, 176; the soul, 210; the soul
and the body, 243; religious philosophy, 334, 335.

SCHOLASTICS, THE.--Progressive separation of faith and reason, 116-118;
theory of the soul, 194-196; relations between mind and matter, 228-
230; proofs of the existence of God, 275-281.

SCHOPENHAUER (1788-1860).-Pessimism, 337, 338.

SCOTUS ERIGENA (born circa 800 A.D.).—Pantheistical theology, 287-288.
SECRÉTAN.-Religious philosophy, 348.

SENECA (3-65 A.D.).—Ethics, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40; matter and mind, 224;
immortality of the soul, 361.

SEXTUS EMPIRICUS (first half of 3rd century).-Scepticism, 112-114.

SHAFTESBURY (1671-1713).—The moral sense, 76, 77.

SIMON, JULES (1814-1896).-Spiritualism, 348.

SMITH, ADAM (1723-1790).—Ethics founded on sympathy, 78-80.

SOCRATES (born circa 469, died 399 B.C.).—Ethics, theoretical and practical,
6-10; certitude, 97-99; reaction against materialism, 150; the soul,
184; matter and mind, 216; proofs of the existence of God by final
causes: Providence, 251-252; the immortality of the soul, 352, 553.
SOLON (born circa 638 B.C.).—Moral teaching, 3.

SOPHISTS.-Ethics, 4-6; character of their scepticism, 96-97; religious
scepticism, 251.

SPENCER, HERBERT (born 1820).—Evolutionist ethics, 87-89; criterion of
truth, 142, 143; evolution and the religion of the Unknowable,
342-344.

SPINOZA (1632-1677).—Ethics, 61-66; theory of certainty, 123-125; exten-
sion an attribute of God, 162; bodies modes of the divine extension,
163, 164; the soul of the world, 197, 198; the human soul, 199;
relation between extension and thought, their parallel development,
235-238; the ontological argument, 298; the nature and attributes
of God, 315; the divine thought, 317; the divine extension, 318, 319 ;
the eternal and infinite modes, 319, 320; divine freedom and necessity,
321, 322; impersonal immortality, 367-369.
STOICS.-Ethics, general, individual, social, and religious, 31-37; cri-
terion of truth, 101, 102; matter, 155, 156; theory of the pneuma,
188, 189; matter and force, 223, 224; the soul and the body, 225;
theology, 224; argument of universal consent, 265; proof by final
causes, 265-267; Providence and optimism, 267; theories of the im-
mortality of the soul, 360-363.

TAINE (born 1828-1893).—His Philosophes Classiques referred to, 372.
TERTULLIAN (160-220 A.D.).—Materialism, 193, 228.

THALES (born circa 640 B.c.).—Matter, 147; the humid principle, 214;
theology, 249.

THEODORUS THE ATHEIST (disciple of Aristippus of Cyrene).—Ethics, 24-25.
THEOGNIS (flourished circa 548 B.C.).—Moral teaching, 2.

THOMAS, ST. See Aquinas.

TYNDALL (1820-1893).—Relation between physical states and the facts of
consciousness, 242.

UEBERWEG.-History of Philosophy referred to, 50.

VACHEROT.—Theory of God, 348.

WADDINGTON, CHARLES.-His work on Pyrrho referred to, 30,

WILLIAM OF AUVERGNE (died 1249).—The soul, 195.

WILLIAM OF CONCHES (1080-1154).—The soul of the world, 194.

XENOPHANES (flourished between 540 and 500 B.C.).—Dogmatism, 94;
theology, 349, 350.

XENOPHON (born circa 444 B.C.).—His Memorabilia quoted, 7, 8, 9, 10;
his Symposium referred to, 30; on a future life, 352.

ZELLER (1814).—Quoted, 30, 108, 151-152; history of philosophy referred
to, 158, 180, 217, 355, 357.

ZENO THE STOIC (350-258 B.C.).—Ethics, 24, 27, 29; the criterion of truth,
102; the persistence of the soul after death, 360.

PART II

ETHICS