INDEX TO PROPER NAMES

ABELARD (1079-1142).-Ethics, 49, 50; the world-soul, 195 (see Scholastics).
ENESIDEMUS (first century).—Scepticism, 110, 111.

AGRIPPA THE SCEPTIC (first century).—Scepticism, 110, 111.

ALBERTUS MAGNUS (1193-1280 A.D.).—On conscience, 50, 51; the soul,
194, 195; matter and mind, 229; on the existence of God, 275 (see
Scholastics).

ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS (flourished circa 200 A.D.).—The soul, 196.
AMALRIC OF BENA (died circa 1206).—Pantheism, 288.

AMMONIUS SACCAS (circa 175-250 A.D.).-Neo-platonic theory of the soul, 191.
ANAXAGORAS (born circa 500 B.C.).—Scepticism and certitude, 95; matter,
149; mind, 183; matter and mind, 216; theology, 250.
ANAXIMANDER (born 611 B.C.).-The Infinite, 147.

ANAXIMENES (disciple of Anaximander).-The "air," 147, 214.
ANSELM, ST., OF CANTERBURY (1033-1109).—Faith and reason, 117; proofs
of the existence of God: the ontological argument, 276-278.
ANTIOCHUS OF ASCALON (pupil of Philo of Larissa and a teacher of Cicero).
--Eclecticism, 109.

ANTISTHENES (born 444 B.C.).—Ethics, 29.

AQUINAS, ST. THOMAS (1225-1274).-Ethics, 51; faith and reason, 117;
the soul, 195, 196; the soul and the body, 229; proofs of the exist-
ence of God, 275; criticism of the ontological argument, 278; proof
a contingentia mundi, 279, 280; proof of the first mover, 280; proof
of final causes, 280; the nature of God: creation and Providence,
281-286.

ARCESILAUS (315-241 B.C.).—Probabilism, 105.

ARISTIPPUS OF CYRENE (born circa 435 B.C.).—Ethics, 24.
ARISTON OF CHIOS (flourished circa 260 B.C.).—Ethics, 32.
ARISTOPHANES (born circa 444 B.C.).-Theogony, 247.
ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.).-Ethics: happiness and virtue, 16; justice, 20,
21; friendship, 21, 22; the contemplative life, 22, 23; impossibility of
proving everything: intuitive certainty of principles, 99; theory of
matter, 152-154; the soul the formal, efficient, and final cause of the
body, 185; matter and form, 219, 220; the soul and the body, 221;
the TVEνμа, 222; the potential and the actual, 258-262; proof of the
first mover, 263, 264; the future life: impersonal immortality, 255-259.

AUGUSTINE, ST., OF HIPPO (354-430).-Faith, religious and rational, 115,
116; theory of the soul, 194; the soul and the body, 228; Christian
and Platonic theology, 271; creation and the Trinity, 272-274.
AVERROËS (1125-1198 A.D.).-The active intellect impersonal and im-
mortal, 196.

BACON, FRANCIS, Lord Verulam (1561-1626).-On matter, 159.

BAYLE (1647-1706).—Religious scepticism, 171; objections against op-
timism, 324-329.

BENTHAM (1747-1832).-Moral arithmetic, 74-76.

BERKELEY, GEORGE (1685-1753).-On sensible certainty, 127-129; denies
the existence of matter, 170.

BERNARD OF CHARTRES (1070-1160).—The world-soul, 194.

BERNARD, SAINT (1091-1153).-Mysticism, 51, 52.

BONNET, CHARLES, of Geneva (1720-1793).—Palingenesia, 330, 369.
BOSSUET (1627-1704).—Proofs of the existence of God, 298, 300.

BROCHARD.--On Pyrrho, 105.

BRUNO, GIORDANO (1548-1600).-Theory of matter, 158.

BÜCHNER, LOUIS (1824-1899).-Force and matter, 178; atheism, 338.
CARNEADES (214-129 B.C.).--Probabilism, 105-107.

CARO, E. M. (1826-1887).—His Idée de Dieu, 348.

CARRAU, LUDOVIC.-His work on the proofs of the immortality of the
soul in the Phaedo referred to, 354.

CÆSALPINUS (1509-1603).— Theory of matter, 196.

CHARRON (1541-1603).-Scepticism, 118.

CHRYSIPPUS (282-209 B.C.)-Natural law, 34; the fear of the gods, 36, 37;
the human soul, 188; vindication of Providence, 267; immortality,
360.

CICERO (106-43 B.C.).—Quoted 33, 34, 35; ethics, 38, 39; eclecticism,
109, 110.

CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675-1729).—The proofs of the existence of God, 301.
CLEANTHES (a pupil of Zeno the Stoic).-Ethics: Hymn quoted, 35, 36;

the seat of the soul, 224; proof of the existence of God, 265; reli-
gious feeling, 268; immortality, 360.

COMTE, AUGUSTE (1798-1857).—Positivism and certitude, 141; the law
of the three states and the religion of humanity, 340, 342; future
existence reduced to the worship of great men, 373.

COUSIN, VICTOR (1792-1867).-Spiritualistic theism, 344; the immortality
of the soul, 372.

CRATES OF THEBES (pupil of Diogenes the Cynic).—Ethics, 29.
CUDWORTH (1617-1688).-Theory of the Plastic medium, 241.
David of DINANT (flourished circa 200).—Pantheism, 287, 289.
DEMOCRITUS (born circa 460 B.C.).—Ethics, 3; matter, 149, 150; mind, 182.
DESCARTES (1596-1650).—Ethics, 52-58; theory of certitude, 118-121;
matter and extension, 159-162; the soul, 196, 197; extension and
thought the soul and the body, 230, 233; proofs of the existence of
God, 292-297; God the cause of Himself, 307-309; God the Creator

:

of the eternal truths, 308; doctrine of continuous creation, 309; the
Divine veracity, 310, 311; the immortality of the soul, 364, 365.
DIDEROT (1713-1784).-Philosophy of the Encyclopédie, 301.

DIOGENES OF APOLLONIA (a contemporary of Anaxagoras).—Theory of
mind, 189; matter and mind, 214.

DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE (First century).—Theology, 286-287.
DU BOIS-REYMOND.--On matter and mind, 207.

DUNS SCOTUS (died 1308).-Matter and the individual soul, 229; im-
possibility of an infinite series of causes, 279.

ECKART, MEISTER (died 1329).-Mystical pantheism, 289, 290.

EMPEDOCLES (born circa 492 B.C.).—Scepticism as regards sensible know-
ledge, 94, 95; on matter, 148, 149; relation of matter to mind, 216.
ENFANTIN, LE PÈRE (1796-1864).—The future life, 373.

EPICTETUS (time of Nero).--Ethics, 40, 41; religious feeling of, 268;
immortality, 361, 362.

EPICURUS (341-270 B.C.).—Ethics, 25-29; the criterion of certainty, 102-

104; matter, 154, 155; theory of the soul, 187, 188; relation of soul
and body, 225; arguments against the immortality of the soul, 359-360.
EULER (1707-1783).—Theory of physical influx, 241.

FÉNELON (1651-1715). His work on the existence of God referred to,
264, 266.

FEUERBACH, LUDWIG A. (1804-1872).---Sensationalism, 177-178.

FICHTE (1762-1814).—Theory of matter, 175, 176; the soul, 209, 210;
unity of substance, 243; philosophy of religion, 333, 334.
FOUILLÉE, ALFRED (born 1838).—The future life in Plato, 355.

GALEN (131-200 A.D.).—Physiological theory of the pneuma, 225-227, 229,
230.

GALILEO (1564-1642).—His discoveries draw attention to the problem of
matter, 158.

GASSENDI (1592-1655).-Matter, 159; the ontological argument, 297.
GAUNILO (flourished circa 1040).—Criticism of the ontological argument,
277, 278.

GERSON (1363-1429).-Proof of the existence of God, 280.

GIRARD, JULES.-His work Du Sentiment religieux chez les grecs referred
to, 248.

GREGORY, ST., of Nyssa (331-394). The soul, 193.

HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1788-1856).-Religious criticism, 339.

HARTMANN, von (born 1842).-Pessimism, 337.

HEGEL (1770-1831).-Theory of matter, 176, 177; theory of mind, 210,
211; proofs of the existence of God, 305, 307; theology, 336, 337.
HEGESIAS (flourished circa 260 B.C.).—The last of the Cyrenaics, 25.

HELVETIUS (1715-1771).—Ethics, 72-74; materialism, 206.

HERACLITUS (born circa 500 B.C.).-Ethics, 3; matter, 147; the soul, 181;
matter and mind, 214-215; the future life, 351-352.

HESIOD (flourished circa 735 B.C.).—Ethical notions of, 2, 3; his theogony,

249.

HILARY, ST., OF POITIERS (died 367).—Materialism, 193.

HIPPOCRATES (born circa 460 B.C.).-Theory of the pneuma, 188, 189;
222-223.

HOBBES (1588-1679).-Ethics, 71-72; materialism, 171.

HOLBACH D' (1723-1789).—His Système de la Nature, 172; the soul and
the brain, 206; atheism, 301.

HOMER.-Ethics of, 2; theology, 248; the future life, 351.

HUGO OF ST. VICTOR (1097-1141).-Mysticism, 52; proofs of the existence
of God, 279, 281.

HUME, DAVID (1711-1776).-Ethics, 77; empirical scepticism: theory of
belief, 129, 133; negation of matter, 170-171, 173; phenomenalism,
242.

HUTCHESON (1694-1746).-Theory of a moral sense, 77.

JOHN, ST., Gospel of.--The Tνενμа, 191.

JOUFFROY, THÉODORE (1796-1842).—Summary of the ethics of Adam Smith,
79; the ego, 212; immortality, 372.

KANT (1724-1804).—Ethics, 55, 80-84; the criterion of truth, 134-137;
scientific certainty, 138; metaphysical certainty, 139; impossibility
of inferring the soul from the ego, 207-209; criticism of the proofs of
the existence of God, 301-305; ethical proof of the existence of God,
305; nature and attributes of God, 331-333; the immortality of the
soul the postulate of morality, 369-371.

LACHELIER (born 1832).—Work on The Foundations of Induction quoted,

144.

LAMENNAIS (1782-1854).-Perfectibilism, 373.

LAMETTRIE, DE (1709-1751).—Materialism, 171; relation between soul and
body, 206.

LANGE (1828-1875).-His History of Materialism quoted, 150, 158, 171,
178, 179.

LAROMIGUIÈRE (1756-1837).—On Cudworth and the Plastic medium,

241.

LASSALLE, FERDINAND (1824-1864).---His work Die Philosophie Heracleitos
des Dunklen referred to, 147.

LEIBNITZ (1646-1716).—Ethics, 66-70; intuitive, demonstrative, and sen-
sible certitude, 125-127; theory of matter, 166-170; theory of mind,
199-202; the pre-established harmony and the soul of the world, 201;
intercommunication of substances: their pre-established harmony,
238; soul and body, 240; the ontological argument, 298-299; proofs
a contingentia mundi, 299; Providence and optimism, 322-327; theory
of moral necessity, 327; divine freedom, 329; the immortality of the
soul and metamorphosis, 365-367.

LEROUX.-Theory of metempsychosis, 372.

LOCKE (1632-1704). The nature of mind, 203, 204.

LUCRETIUS (95-52 B.C.).-Ethics, 37, 38; matter, 150; atomism, 154, 155;

the soul, 182; matter and mind, 225; arguments against the immor-
tality of the soul, 359-360.