fierce and fiery, to the disturbance of church and state. Amongst✓ the former, I recount the principal: Father John Fox, (for so queen Elizabeth termed him,) summoned (as I take it) by archbishop Parker to subscribe, that the general reputation of his piety might give the greater countenance to conformity. The old man produced the New Testament in Greek. "To this," saith he, "will I subscribe." But when a subscription to the canons was required of him, he refused it, saying, "I have nothing in the church save a prebend at Salisbury; and much good may it do you if you will take it away from me!" However, such respect did the bishops (most formerly his fellow-exiles) bear to his age, parts, and pains, that he continued his place till the day of his death; who, though no friend to the ceremonies, was otherwise so devout in his carriage, that (as his nearest relation surviving hath informed me) he never entered any church without expressing solemn reverence therein.

With Mr. Fox, I join his dear friend Laurence Humphrey ; whom I should never have suspected for inclinations to nonconformity, (such his intimacy with Dr. Jewel and other bishops,) had I not read in my author, that de adiaphoris non juxta cum ecclesiá Anglicana senserit.* He was Regius Professor of divinity in Oxford, where his answers and determinations were observed quick, clear, and solid; but his replies and objections weak and slender, which his auditors imputed to no lack of learning, (wherewith he was well stored,) but to his unwillingness to furnish his popish adversaries with strong arguments to maintain their erroneous opinions. But such his quiet carriage, that, notwithstanding his non-subscribing, he kept his professor's place and deanery of Winchester as long as he lived.

70-72. Anthony Gilby, a fierce Nonconformist, and William Whittingham, and Christopher Goodman. A.D. 1566.

Pass we now to the fierce (not to say furious) sticklers against church-discipline, and begin with Anthony Gilby, born in Lincolnshire, bred in Christ's College in Cambridge. How fierce he was against the ceremonies, take it from his own pen†They are known liveries of anti-Christ, accursed leaven of the blasphemous popish priesthood, cursed patches of popery and idolatry. They are worse than lousie, for they are sibbe to the sarke [akin to the shirt] of Hercules, that made him tear his own bowels asunder."

William Whittingham succeeds, bred in All Soul's College in Oxford, afterwards exile in Germany, where he made a preface to

CAMDEN'S Elizabetha in anno 1589.

† Page 150.

Mr. Goodman's book, approving the divinity therein; and, returning into England, was made dean of Durham.*

Christopher Goodman is the third; and well it were if it might be truly said of him, (what of Probus the emperor,) that he was vir sui nominis. Sure it is, that living beyond the seas in the days of queen Mary, he wrote a book stuffed with much dangerous doctrine: Wherein he maintained that Sir Thomas Wyat was no traitor, that his cause was God's, that none but traitors could accuse him of treason, and that the counsellors and others who would be accounted nobles (and took not his part) were, in very deed, traitors to God, his people, and their country. These three (for, David Whitehead I have no mind to mention with them) were certainly the antesignani of the fierce nonconformists, Yet find I none of them solemnly silenced, either because perchance dead before this year, wherein the vigorous urging of subscription; or because finding some favour in respect of their suffering of banishment for the protestant religion. Only I meet with Thomas Sampson, dean of Christ's church in Oxford, qui propter puritanismum exauthoratus,§ displaced this year out of his deanery; notwithstanding the said Sampson stands very high in Bale's catalogue of the English exiles in the reign of queen Mary.

73. The Queen's Entertainment at Oxford.

Queen Elizabeth came to Oxford, August 31st, honourably attended with the earl of Leicester, lord chancellor of the University, the marquess of Northampton, the lord Burleigh, the Spanish ambassador, &c. Here she was entertained with the most stately welcome which the Muses could make. Edmond Campian, then proctor, (oratory being his master-piece,) well performed his part, only over-flattering Leicester, (enough to make a modest man's head ache with the too sweet flowers of his rhetoric,) save that the earl was as willing to hear his own praise, as the other to utter it. Her Highness was lodged in Christ's church, where many comedies were acted before her, one whereof (Palæmon and Arce) had a tragical end, three men being slain by the fall of a wall, and press of people. Many Acts were kept before her in philosophy, and one most eminent in divinity, wherein bishop Jewel (this year in his absence created honorary doctor) was moderater. It lasted in summer-time till candles were lighted, delight devouring all weariness in the auditors; when the queen, importuned by the lords,

BALE Cent. nona, page 731.

Pages 203, 206, 207.

Note, that these three were active in the separation from Frankfort. l'ide supra in this volume, page 414. § GODWIN'S Catalogue in the Bishops of Oxford. "Chronicle," page 660.

|| STOW'S

(the Spanish ambassador, to whom she proffered it, modestly declining the employment,) concluded all with this her Latin oration :

74. Her Highness's Speech to the University.'

Qui malè agit, odit lucem; et ego quidem quia nihil aliud nisi malè agere possum, idcircò odi lucem, odi, id est, conspectum vestrum. Atque sanè me magna tenet dubitatio, dum singula considero quæ hic aguntur, laudemne an vituperem, taceamne an eloquar? Si eloquar, patefaciam vobis quàm sim literarum rudis: tacere autem nolo, ne defectus videatur esse contemptus. Et quia tempus breve est quod habeo ad dicendum, idcircò omnia in pauca conferam, et orationem meam in duas partes dividam, in laudem et vituperationem. Laus autem ad vos pertinet. Ex quo enim primùm Oxoniam veni, multa vidi, multa audivi, probavi omnia. Erant enim et prudenter facta, et eleganter dicta. At ea quibus in prologis vos ipsi excusâstis, neque pro pare ut regina possum, neque ut Christiana debeo. Cæterum quia in exordio semper adhibuistis cautionem, mihi sanè illa disputatio non displicuit. Nunc venio ad alteram partem, nempe vituperationem. Atque hæc pars mihi propria est. Sanè fateor parentes meos diligentissimè curasse ut in bonis literis rectè instituerer, et quidem in multarum linguarum varietate diu versata fui, quarum aliquam mihi cognitionem assumo: quod etsi verè tamen verecundè dico. Habui quidem multos et doctos pædagogos, qui ut me eruditum redderent diligenter elaborárunt. Sed pædagogi mei posuerunt operam in agro sterili et infœcundo, ita fructus percipere vix poterant, aut dignitate meâ, aut illorum laboribus, aut vestrâ expectatione dignos. Quamobrem etsi omnes vos me abundè laudâstis, ego tamen, quæ mihi conscia sum quàm sim nullâ laude digna, facile agnosco; sed finem imponam orationi meæ Barbarismis plenæ, si prius optavero, et votum unum addidero. Votum meum hoc erit, ut, me vixente, sitis florentissimi; me mortuâ, beatissimi.

Thus having stayed seven days, she took her leave of the university, September 6th, Mr. Williams, the mayor, riding in scarlet before her majesty to Magdalen-bridge, but the doctors attending her in their formalities as far as Shotover.

• This speech was taken by DR. LAURENCE HUMPHREY, and by him printed in the Life of Bishop Jewel, page 244.

SECTION II.

TO WILLIAM HONEYWOOD, ESQUIRE.

SOME Conceive, that to be pressed to death, (the punishment on recusants to submit to legal trial,) is the greatest torment in the world. God keep all good men from feeling-and chiefly from deserving-it! I am the easier induced to believe the exquisiteness of the torture, being sensible in myself, by your bounty, what a burden it is for one, who would be ingenuous, to be loaded with courtesies which he hath not the least hope to requite or deserve.

1-6. The Suit betwixt Bishops Horne and Bonner. Bonner's Counsel. Their first Plea. Second Exception. Main Matter debated by the Judges; divided by the Parliament. A favourable Proviso.

In this year began the suit betwixt Robert Horne, bishop of Winchester, and Edmund Bonner, late bishop of London, on this occasion: All bishops were empowered by the statute quinto Elizabethæ, to tender the Oath of Supremacy to all persons living within their diocess. Now, bishop Bonner was within the diocess of Winchester, full ill against his will, (as being a prisoner in the Marshalsea in Southwark,) to whom Horne offered this oath, and he refused the taking thereof. Hereupon his refusal was returned into the King's Bench, and he indicted on the same. Being indicted, he appeared there, confessed the fact, but denied himself culpable; and, intending to traverse the indictment, desired that counsel might be assigned him. Sir Robert Cateline, then Chief Justice, granted his motion; and no meaner than Plowden that eminent lawyer, Christopher Wray afterwards lord chief justice, and Lovelace,

were deputed his counsel.

First. They pleaded for their client, that Bonner was indicted without the title and addition of "Bishop of London," and only styled "Doctor of Law, and one in Holy Orders." But the judges would not allow the exception as legal to avoid the indictment.

Secondly. They pleaded, that the certificate entered upon record was thus brought into the court: tali die et anno per A.B. cancellarium dicti episcopi Winton; and did not say, per mandatum episcopi; for the want of which clause, Bonner's counsel took exceptions

thereat, sed non allocatur, because the record of it by the court is not of necessity.

Pass we by their third exception," that he was indicted upon that certificate in the county of Middlesex by the common jury of inquest in the King's Bench for that county;" it being resolved by the judges, that his trial could not be by a jury of Middlesex, but by a jury of Surrey of the neighbourhood of Southwark. The main matter which was so much debated amongst all the judges in the lord Cateline's chamber was this: "Whether Bonner could give in evidence of that issue that he had pleaded of not guilty, that Horne bishop of Winchester was not a bishop tempore oblationis sacramenti, at the time wherein he tendered the oath unto Bonner!” And it was resolved by them all,* that if the truth of the matter was so indeed, that he might give that in evidence upon that issue, and that the jury might try whether he was a bishop then or no.

Whilst this suit as yet depended, the queen called a parliament, Sept. 30th, which put a period to the controversy, and cleared the legality of Horne's episcopacy in a statute enacting, "That all persons that have been or shall be made, ordered, or consecrated archbishops, bishops, priests, ministers of God's holy word and sacraments, or deacons after the form and order prescribed in the said order and form how archbishops, bishops, priests, deacons, and ministers should be consecrated, made, and ordered, be in very deed, and also by authority hereof, declared and enacted to be, and shall be, archbishops, bishops, priests, ministers, and deacons, and rightly made, consecrated, and ordered; any statute, law, canon, or other thing to the contrary notwithstanding."

However, it immediately followeth, "Provided always, and never theless be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That no person or persons shall, at any time hereafter, be impeached or molested in body, lands, livings, or goods, by occasion or mean of any certificate, by any archbishop or bishop heretofore made, or before the last day of this present session of Parliament to be made, by virtue any Act made in the first session of Parliament, touching or concerning the refusal of the oath declared and set forth by Act of Parliament, in the first year of the reign of our said sovereign lady queen Elizabeth; any thing in this Act, or any other Act or Statute heretofore made to the contrary notwithstanding.

of

7,8. Their Suit superseded. Malice pleased, nor full nor

fasting.

The seasonable interposing of this statute made it a drawn battle betwixt Horne and Bonner. The former part thereof, here alleged,