THE

ANCIENT HISTORY

OF

THE EGYPTIANS, CARTHAGINIANS, ASSYRIANS, BABYLONIANS, MEDES
AND PERSIANS, GRECIANS AND MACEDONIANS.

BY CHARLES ROLLIN,

LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS, PROFESSOR OF ELOQUENCE IN THE
ROYAL COLLEGE, AND MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF INSCRIPTIONS
AND BELLES-LETTRES.

FROM THE FIFTEENTH LONDON EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.

VOL. IV.

Philadelphia:

PUBLISHED BY BROWN & PETERS.
Stereotyped by L. Johnson.

1829.

KD 63994145

HARVARD COLLEGE

Nov. 19, 1919

LIBRARY

Walter S. Burk_
Candge

CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.

BOOK IX. Continued.

THE HISTORY OF THE PERSIANS AND GRECIANS.

CHAP. IV.

Page

History of Socrates abridged

SECT. I. Birth of Socrates. He applies at first to sculpture; then to the study of the

sciences. His wonderful progress in them. His taste for moral philosophy. His

manner of living, and sufferings from the ill humour of his wife

SECT. II. Of the Dæmon, or familiar spirit, of Socrates

-

SECT. III. Socrates declared the wisest of mankind by the oracle of Delphi

SECT. IV. Socrates devotes himself entirely to the instruction of the youth of Athens.

Affection of his disciples for him. The admirable principles with which he inspires

them, both with respect to government and religion

SECT. V. Socrates applies himself to discredit the sophists in the opinion of the young

Athenians. What is to be understood of the ironical character ascribed to him

SECT. VI. Socrates is accused of holding bad opinions in regard to the Gods, and of

corrupting the Athenian youth. He defends himself without art or fear. He is

condemned to die

SECT. VII. Socrates refuses to escape out of prison. He passes the last day of his

life in discoursing with his friends upon the immortality of the soul. He drinks the

poison. Punishment of his accusers. Honours paid to his memory

SECT. VIII. Reflections upon the sentence passed on Socrates by the Athenians, and

upon Socrates himself

48

ibid.

ibid.

Of the government of Sparta

SECT. I. Abridged idea of the Spartan government. Entire submission to the laws

was in a manner the soul of it

SECT. II. Love of poverty instituted at Sparta

III. Laws established by Minos in Crete the model of those of Sparta

ARTICLE II.

Of the government of Athens

SECT. I. Foundation of the government of Athens according to Solon's plan

Pag

6.

ibid

60

ibid.

67

69

71

ibid.

73

74

76

78

ibid.

80

- 81

OF WAR.

SECT. I. The nations of Greece in all times very warlike, especially the Lacedæmo-

nians and Athenians

SECT. II. Origin and cause of the valour and military virtue by which the Lacedæ-

monians and Athenians always distinguished themselves

SECT. III. Different kind of troops of which the armies of the Lacedæmonians and

Athenians were composed

SECT. IV. Of maritime affairs, fleets, and naval forces

SECT. V. Peculiar character of the Athenians

SECT. VI. Common character of the Lacedæmonians and Athenians

BOOK XI.

The history of Dionysius the Elder and Younger, tyrants of Syracuse

CHAP. I.

-

SECT. I. Means made use of by Dionysius the Elder, to possess himself of the tyranny 102

SECT. II. Commotions in Sicily and at Syracuse against Dionysius. He finds means

to dispel them. To prevent revolts he proposes to attack the Carthaginians. His

wonderful application and success in making preparations for the war. Plato

comes to Syracuse. His intimacy and friendship with Dion

SECT. III. Dionysius declares war against the Carthaginians. Various success of

it. Syracuse reduced to extremities, and soon after delivered. New commotions

against Dionysius. Defeat of Imilco, and afterwards of Mago. Unhappy fate of

the city of Rhegium

-

116

SECT. IV. Violent passion of Dionysius for poesy. Reflections upon that taste of the

tyrant. Generous freedom of Philoxenus. Death of Dionysius. His bad qualities 125

CHAP. II.

SECT. I. Dionysius the younger succeeds his father. Dion engages him to invite Plato

to his court. Surprising alteration occasioned by his presence. Conspiracy of the

courtiers to prevent the effects of it

SECT. II. Banishment of Dion. Plato quits the court soon after, and returns into

Greece. Dion admired there by all the learned. Plato returns to Syracuse

SECT. III. Dion sets out to deliver Syracuse. Sudden and fortunate success of his

enterprise. Horrid ingratitude of the Syracusans. Unparalleled goodness of Dion

to them and his most cruel enemies. His death.

SECT. IV. Character of Dion

SECT. V. Dionysius the younger reascends the throne. Syracuse implores aid of the

Corinthians, who send Timoleon. That general enters Syracuse, notwithstanding

all the endeavours of Icetas to prevent him. Dionysius surrenders himself to him,

and retires to Corinth -

134

142

146

163

165

CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.

Page

SECT. VI. Timoleon, after several victories, restores liberty to Syracuse, where he in-

stitutes wise laws. He resigns his authority, and passes the rest of his life in retire-

ment. His death. Honours paid to his meinory

- 172

BOOK XII.

The history of the Persians and Grecians

179

CHAP. I.

SECT. I. State of Greece from the time of the treaty of Antaleidas. The Lacedæ

monians declare war against the city of Olynthus. They seize by fraud and vio

lence upon the citadel of Thebes. Olynthus surrenders

SECT. II. Sparta's prosperity. Character of two illustrious Thebans, Epaminondas

and Pelopidas. The latter forms the design of restoring the liberty of his country.

Conspiracy against the tyrants wisely conducted and happily executed. The cita-

success.

del is retaken

SECT. III. Sphodrias, the Lacedæmonian, forms a design against the Piraeus without

The Athenians declare for the Thebans. Skirmishes between the latter

and the Lacedaemonians

SECT. IV. New troubles in Greece. The Lacedæmonians declare war against Thebes.

They are defeated and put to flight in the battle of Leuctra. Epaminondas ravages

Laconia, and marches to the gates of Sparta.

SECT. V. The two Theban generals, at their return, are accused, and acquitted.

Sparta implores aid of the Athenians. The Greeks send ambassadors to Artaxerxes.

Influence of Pelopidas at the court of Persia

SECT. VI. Pelopidas marches against Alexander, tyrant of Phere, and reduces him to

reason. He goes to Macedonia, to appease the troubles of that court, and brings

Philip to Thebes as a hostage. He returns into Thessaly, is seized by treachery,

and made a prisoner. Epaminondas delivers him. Pelopidas gains a victory

against the tyrant, and is killed in the battle. Extraordinary honours paid to his

memory. Tragical end of Alexander

SECT. VII. Epaminondas is chosen general of the Thebans. His second attempt

against Sparta. His celebrated victory at Mantinea. His death and eulogy -

SECT. VIII. Death of Evagoras, king of Salamis. Nicocles his son succeeds him.

Admirable character of that prince

ibid

183

- 190

194

204

208

217

226

SECT. IX. Artaxerxes Mnemon undertakes the reduction of Egypt. Iphicrates the

Athenian is appointed general of the Athenian troops. The enterprise miscarries

by the ill conduct of Pharnabazus the Persian general

-

SECT. X. The Lacedæmonians send Agesilaus to the aid of Tachos, who had revolt-

ed from the Persians: The king of Sparta's actions in Egypt. His death. The

greatest part of the provinces revolt against Artaxerxes

- 228

SECT. XI. Troubles at the court of Artaxerxes concerning his successor. Death of

that prince

230

- 234

SECT. XII. Causes of the frequent insurrections and revolts in the Persian empire 236

BOOK XIII.

The history of the Persians and Grecians

239

SECT. I. Ochus ascends the throne of Persia. His cruelties. Revolt of several nations ibid.

SECT. II. War of the allies against the Athenians

241

SECT. III. Demosthenes encourages the Athenians, alarmed by the preparations made

by Artaxerxes for war. He harangues them in favour of the Megalopolitans, and

afterwards of the Rhodians. Death of Mausolus. Extraordinary grief of Arte-

misia his wife

SECT. IV. Successful expedition of Ochus against Phoenicia and Cyprus, and after-

wards against Egypt

- 251

SECT. V. Death of Ochus. Arses succeeds him, and is succeeded by Darius Codo-

SECT. VI. Abridgment of the life of Demosthenes till the time of his appearance with

honour and applause in the public assemblies against Philip of Macedon

SECT. VII. Digression upon the manner of fitting out fleets by the Athenians, and the

exemptions and other marks of honour granted by that city to such as had rendered

it great services

258

264