Missouri's Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border WestClaiborne Fox Jackson (1806-1862) remains one of Missouri's most controversial historical figures. Elected Missouri's governor in 1860 after serving as a state legislator and Democratic party chief, Jackson was the force behind a movement for the neutral state's secession before a federal sortie exiled him from office. Although Jackson's administration was replaced by a temporary government that maintained allegiance to the Union, he led a rump assembly that drafted an ordinance of secession in October 1861 and spearheaded its acceptance by the Confederate Congress. Despite the fact that the majority of the state's populace refused to recognize the act, the Confederacy named Missouri its twelfth state the following month. A year later Jackson died in exile in Arkansas, an apparent footnote to the war that engulfed his region and that consumed him. In this first full-length study of Claiborne Fox Jackson, Christopher Phillips offers much more than a traditional biography. His extensive analysis of Jackson's rise to power through the tangle that was Missouri's antebellum politics and of Jackson's complex actions in pursuit of his state's secession complete the deeper and broader story of regional identity--one that began with a growing defense of the institution of slavery and which crystallized during and after the bitter, internecine struggle in the neutral border state during the American Civil War. Placing slavery within the realm of western democratic expansion rather than of plantation agriculture in border slave states such as Missouri, Philips argues that southern identity in the region was not born, but created. While most rural Missourians were proslavery, their "southernization" transcended such boundaries, with southern identity becoming a means by which residents sought to reestablish local jurisdiction in defiance of federal authority during and after the war. This identification, intrinsically political and thus ideological, centered--and still centers--upon the events surrounding the Civil War, whether in Missouri or elsewhere. By positioning personal and political struggles and triumphs within Missourians' shifting identity and the redefinition of their collective memory, Phillips reveals the complex process by which these once Missouri westerners became and remain Missouri southerners. Missouri's Confederate not only provides a fascinating depiction of Jackson and his world but also offers the most complete scholarly analysis of Missouri's maturing antebellum identity. Anyone with an interest in the Civil War, the American West, or the American South will find this important new biography a powerful contribution to our understanding of nineteenth-century America and the origins--as well as the legacy--of the Civil War. |
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... legislature authorized and conducted its first state census ) not only indicate Joseph's presence in the county , but reveal that by the age of fifty - seven he had attained at least a modest amount of property and standing . Just as ...
... legislature incorporated Washington as a town in 1787. See Robertson , ed . , Petitions of the Early Inhabitants of Kentucky , 91-92 . 23. Tinling and Davies , eds . , The Western Country in 1793 , 7\ ( first quote ) , 65 ( second quote ) ...
... legislature as Howard County . By the time of statehood in 1821 , more than twenty thousand white settlers and three thousand black slaves lived in Missouri's central river counties , the new state's geographic , and soon economic ...
... legislature sited its future capital fifty miles downriver from Franklin , local settlers exultantly named the hamlet City of Jefferson , thus offering a living memorial to the demigod . These plain husbandmen held out high hopes for ...
... legislature had platted at the counties ' incorporation . Mercantile activity , carried on by retail and wholesale merchants , determined the stature of the community and created the connection between not only the rural farmers and ...