of the original is "Ces Moeurs et fachions de faire de Turcz avec les regions y appartenantes ont este au vif contrefaictez par Pierre Coeck d'Alost, luy estant en Turquie, l'an de Jesuchrist, MD33. Lequel aussy de sa main propre a pourtraict ces figures duysantes a l'impression d'ycelles." The work is so rare that no copy of it is to be found in the Royal Library at Brussels; neither is it mentioned in the Catalogue of Cicognara (Pisa, 1821), nor in the Universal Catalogue of Books of Art (London, 1870).

no letter of thanks from the Lord Mayor. Whereupon, after pausing awhile in natural stupefaction, he penned the letter from which we have culled the choice passages printed above. To ourselves he writes, in addition, "I do not happen to be 'a poor author,' as we are generally called; indeed, my position is a thoroughly independent one in every way. Dieu Merci! But I often think with sadness on the general position of authors in England, where they certainly do not get their merited share of consideration and distinction." Mr. Tracy Turnerelli, it appears, has received "four letters of thanks from the late Emperor of Russia, accompanied with the present, on each occasion, of a diamond ring."

PROF. BLACKIE is engaged upon a volume of essays to be called 'Hora Hellenica,' which will be opposed to many of the views of Mr. Grote and Prof. Max Müller. There will be discussions of 'The Theology of Homer," "The Prometheus Bound,' 'Mythological Interpreta- THESE melancholy effusions by Mr. Turnetion,' 'The Onomatopoetic Principle in the relli will at least serve the purpose of supplying Formation of Language,' and other historic, us with a peg, on which to hang an urgent literary, and philological subjects. The volume protest against the practice, rapidly becoming will be dedicated to Mr. Gladstone, and will more and more in vogue among the inferior be published shortly by Messrs. Macmillan. classes of literary men, of sending presentation DR. CHARLES MACKAY is preparing for copies of their wares to eminent persons, and then of printing, by way of puffs, the replies the press a work entitled 'The Gaelic Ety- which those persons feel bound by courtesy to mology of the Languages of Western Europe, send. Thus Mr. Tracy Turnerelli prints, by and more especially of the English and Lowland Scotch, and their Cant, Slang, and Collo- way of testimonial to his merits, a letter which quial Dialects.' It will be dedicated, by per-natured as to address to him. Every disLord Selborne has been so exceedingly goodmission, to the Prince of Wales.

MESSRS. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & Co.

tinguished man of letters knows too well what a nuisance these presentation copies are, in return for which the unfortunate receiver feels that he is expected to send a letter of thanks

MR. H. B. GOOLD writes to us:"Is it fair that Émile Souvestre's sketch, 'Le Parchemin du Docteur Maure,' should appear in Colburn's New Monthly Magazine, for March, with the initials H. E. D. appended, and without even a hint as to its being a translation? Surely this savours somewhat of literary piracy, and deserves exposure."

A PORTION, consisting of 10,000 copies, of a recent issue of the Dundee Advertiser was

printed on a paper manufactured from reeds grown on the banks of the Tay. The paper is said closely to resemble that made from jute. As far as the experiment has been tried, it is said to be satisfactory.

MESSRS. MACMILLAN will publish a translation of Baron Hübner's 'Voyage autour du Monde,' by Lady Herbert of Lea.

MR. HENRY FROWDE has been appointed Manager of the Oxford University Press business. His relations with the London Bible. Warehouse, 53, Paternoster Row, cease to-day.

IN the collection of valuable autographs, which are to be disposed of by public auction formed by the late M. Labouisse-Rochefort, at Paris, on the 28th inst., are included auto

graphs of Louis the Eleventh, James the First, Potemkin, Alexander the First and Paul the Essex, Peter the Great, Catherine the Second, First, Bossuet, Hubert Languet, Daneau, P. Sixteenth, Queen Victoria, Voltaire, J. J. Viret, Leibnitz, Balzac l'ancien, Louis the Rousseau, Mirabeau, &c. In a letter, Ber

guide to marks and monograms, and as such may prove useful to the lovers of the " ceramic art."

WE regret to hear of the death of the Rev. Robert Demaus, the author of 'William Tyndale, a Biography,' and also of several excellent educational works. Mr. Demaus was an occasional contributor to our columns. He was only in his forty-fifth year.

MR. W. DE G. BIRCH has in the press an old Italian romance, in ottava rima, entitled 'Li Chantari di Lancellotto,' from a MS. in possession of the Royal Society of Litera

ture.

Messrs. VIRTUE, SPALDING & DALDY have the following new works, among others, in the press: A new story by Jeanie Hering, in three volumes, dedicated to Mr. T. Faed, R.A.;

a book for the young, by Mr. and Mrs. O'Shaughnessy; and also a work on a portion

their trash at his head, and that before long he will see his letters printed by the aggressive strangers in question. It is time that this nuisance should be abated, and we feel grateful to the Lord Mayor for having ignored one of those who levy epistolary black-mail, first shooting their rubbish into our letter-box, and then extorting a letter of thanks from our

timidity. So long as the system adopted by Mr. Tracy Turnerelli is encouraged by the weakness of what he styles "the highest, greatest, and most honoured personages in the kingdom," so long will authors occupy the ignominious position which he so pathetically deplores. Mr. Tracy Turnerelli takes pains to explain that he is not "a poor author," but if society takes its ideas about literary men from the class of which he is the type, it will, probably, and not without justice, come to the conclusion that authors are poor creatures,

Commander-in-Chief of the republican army soldiers are without pay, clothed with rags, against the Vendéens, says that his own and engaged in most toilsome service on the coast and in the interior. In a letter to his uncle, Cardinal Fesch, who wanted to force him to a divorce from his wife, Lucien Bonaparte writes :-" Ayez au moins assez de bon m'épargner la honte inutile de vos conseils.... sens pour ne pas m'assimiler à Jérome et pour Cachez au moins sous votre pourpre la bassesse de vos sentiments et faites votre chemin en silence dans la grande route de l'ambition." Madame Campan writes, April, 1802, to Joseph Bonaparte, that his sister Pauline (then married to General Leclerc), who came six months before to her school not knowing how to read or write, is making astounding progress in her education. In a letter written in French to Henri Quatre, October, 1592, Robert, Earl of Essex, says to the French

Nottingham.

We have received from a Mr. Tracy Turnerelli a strange complaint, in the form of

a letter, addressed to a contemporary. About

a month

seems,

ago, it he sent the Lord Mayor, "purely as a gift and mark of respect," a copy of a work "recently printed for private circulation, and dedicated to the Grand Duchess

Marie." Copies, it appears, had previously been accepted and gratefully acknowledged "by all the members of the Royal Family, by almost every member of the late and present Ministry, by the principal Ducal Families, by the Archbishop of Canterbury and all the leading Bishops, by the chief Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers, by 100 M.P.'s,-in fact, by all the highest, greatest, and most honoured personages in the kingdom." But, to his great surprise, Mr. Tracy Turnerelli got

taste.

"Of all the Englishmen who have lately been lecturing in this country, there are only two who seem likely to linger in the lap of spring, Mr. Charles Kingsley and Mr. Gerald Massey. The former has had large audiences and of the best quality, and nobody has been disappointed in his wisdom and manners, for all have been edified and delighted. With regard to the latter, he has not been as popular as those hoped who admired his earlier productions. The idea of having his name associated, on the street hand-bills, with a lecture entitled 'Why does not God Kill the Devil?' has given pain to many a heart that was ready to receive him with enthusiasm and affection."

que de pouvoir venger votre Majesté avec ce depend de moy, mais non d'obtenir de la que Dieu m'a donné de moyens; car solliciter volonté d'autruy" (an allusion to Queen Elizabeth), &c.

IN France, the ruling passion of bibliomania has, for some years past, been for Grolier bindings; and people pay most extravagant prices

for them. Quite lately, a provincial amateur wrote to a Paris bookseller that he was the

fortunate possessor of a Grolier, which he was ready to dispose of for the moderate price of 2,200 francs. The bookseller readily accepted without seeing the book; but, lo! when it arrived, it was found that the binding was a mere remboîtage: a real cover put on a worthless book; the whole, cover and contents, scarcely worth 30 francs. On his refusal to pay, the bookseller was summoned before the "Tribunal

de Commerce" of Paris. The Court, composed of tradesmen, who, it appears, are no adepts in bibliomania, decided in favour of the plaintiff against the defendant, because they

said the former announced that the book was in a Grolier binding, and not that it was bound for him. There is but one explanation of this. The Court must have mistaken for a bookbinder the clever bibliophile, born in 1479, died 1565, whom Francis the First selected as his ambassador at Venice, and who left a world-renowned library. A book which cannot be shown to have actually been in Grolier's possession is not worth purchasing, should the wolf be disguised twice over in the shepherd's clothes.

THE following decree has been issued by the so-called King Charles the Seventh, now in Biscay, re-establishing the long-suppressed University of Oñate in Guipúzcoa :-"His Majesty the King, who, recognizing in education the medium of morality, of riches, and the well-being of his people, has received with satisfaction the solicitations of the deputation representing Guipúzcoa and the town council of his well-beloved and loyal town of Oñate, seeking the re-establishment of its historic university," &c.

A CORRESPONDENT, who lives at Rochester, writes to us:—

"Permit me to suggest that an edition of Dickens's Works should be brought out in classical English. The words used in the author's works are extremely disagreeable to read. I think that the language of the lower orders ought never to appear in print."

-Our Correspondent should confine his reading to the 'Spanish Armada.' Mr. Puff was "not for making slavish distinctions, and giving all the fine language to the upper sort of people," and therefore his work would suit our Correspondent's taste. A Prophet is not without honour, &c.

SCIENCE

SCIENCE SCHOOL-BOOKS.

Animal Physiology. By John Cleland, M.D. (Collins & Sons.) Animal Physiology. By John Angell. (Same publishers.)

'DOGMATIC PHYSIOLOGY' that is a body of teaching as to the organs and functions of animal bodies, and more especially the human body, has been after several years of valuable experience adopted by the eminent persons who advise the Science and Art Department of the Privy Council, as a subject for examination and encouragement in the schools connected with its operations. Such physiology is not taught by demonstration and experiment, but from the book and by reference to drawings and occasional dissections of the dead bodies of domestic animals. There cannot be any doubt that this subject forms a most valuable element in any child's or youth's course of study; and even should the pupil never advance to a more direct and scientific study of physiology, the results of physiological research as dogmatically taught, verified merely in so far as the living body of the pupil himself, or herself, furnishes means of verification, and accompanied by a limited amount of inspection of dissected specimens in short, the mere information as to fact-is of vast influence in the development of the mind, and can no longer be justifiably eschewed in any system of general education. We have already, at least, one excellent text-book, to place in the hands of the teacher of elementary physiology and his class. But in accordance with the scheme of examination adopted

by the Department, two grades of attainment are recognized in this subject as in others. The two volumes in the Messrs. Collins's series of science manuals, adequately meet the wants of these two groups of students. Mr. Angell's book is written in a clear and precise style, and is very fully illustrated. We must distinctly state that we have not found in it erroneous statements, such as it has been our duty to point out in other small textbooks of physiology, issued at the same small price. It seems to us to be admirable for its purpose. One might object to the mass of strange Latinized names and terms which the pupil will, through such a book, fit into the available pigeonholes of his brain; but it must be remembered that a science cannot be mastered without its terminology, and that young minds are especially capable of appropriating, once for all, strangesounding terms, when with each is associated a definite idea and a fact of interest. Later, the same pupil is ready to take up the subject at these definite points, and to store round them either further book-learning, or knowledge obtained by under the direction of a teacher. Prof. Cleland, the exercise of his own powers of observation, who is known as one of the most accomplished anatomists of the day, and a part-author of the English standard work on Human Anatomy, takes the student in an advanced course over the same ground as that traversed by Mr. Angell, but in a different order and with greater fullness of detail and illustration. In this advanced course, it would, no doubt, be a great advantage to the pupil could he have a proportion (the larger the better) of practical, that is, demonstrational teaching in connexion with his reading. Much has been already done to enable the science-teachers in relation with the Science and Art Department to arrange a certain limited amount of practical teaching, and this it may be hoped will produce its effect; but it is undeniably a fact that even anatomical and microscopic demonstrations of a really satisfactory nature cannot be carried out with haste, with bad tools, nor by unpractised hands. Prof. Cleland's volume will be useful to the medical as well as to the general student. The arrangement of its matter is entirely original, and many of the theoretical views which are brought into prominence are no less sound and valuable than they are novel and carefully thought out. It is pleasant to see new woodcuts in a work of this description, some of them original, others from the latest and best memoirs. We may instance, as valuable portions of the work in this respect, the pages relating to the minute structure of the brain, of the organs of taste, the liver, and the glands of the stomach. We are, however, surprised to find Prof. Pflüger's views as to the termination of nerves in gland-cells adopted and introduced into a text-book; and, at the same time, congratulate Prof. Cleland if, as is not improbable, he has been able to confirm what all histologists have as yet failed in establishing. The final chapter, on Reproduction and Development, is executed in a masterly style, and supplies an omission which we have regretted in other textbooks of the same scope.

THE SOURCE OF THE NILE.

Dulwich Wood, March 18, 1874. IT is somewhat remarkable that each accession

to our knowledge of Lake Tanganyika has added to the difficulties of the Nile problem; for while oral testimony almost universally points towards its connexion with that great river, yet the two occasions on which its northern end was examined would seem, at first sight, to negative such a solution. There are many other evidences in favour of its having a northern outlet, in addition to those which have been well adduced by Mr. Mott, in the Athenæum of March 14th, and those in my letter which you inserted in the Athenæum of February 28th.

Mr. Stanley's account of the puny and insignificant streamlet which he was told was the Rusizi River, shows that it cannot be taken to have any

weight whatever on the solution of the great enigma. The journey he describes has overturned the basis of Capt. Speke's theory of the existence of lunar mountains. He does not say one word about the existence of the eleven great rivers which Capt. Speke was told fell into the northern head of Tanganyika, therefrom inferring that they rose in an extensive and lofty mountain chain which entirely separated the Tanganyika lake from the Nile basin.

Capt. Speke, in his account of the share he took in the Burton-Speke expedition,* gives a most explicit account of an outward flow at the north end of the lake, from the statement of Sheikh Hamed, a respectable Arab merchant, one of a class whose trustworthy testimony was proved by the way in which Capt. Burton was enabled to lay down on their map the outlines of rivers and countries they could not visit in their expedition of 1856–8. Sheikh Hamed, after an accurate description of Lake Tanganyika and the rivers which flow into it, says: "On a visit to the northern end, I saw one which was very much larger than either of I am certain flowed out of the lake; for although these (the Marungu and the Malagarazi), and which I did not venture on it. ... I went so near its outlet that I could see and feel the outward drift of the water." This is in exact accordance with the observations of Dr. Livingstone and Mr. Stanley, quoted heretofore.

The late venerable Mr. Macqueen published, in 1845,† a very circumstantial account of another Arab, Lief ben Saied's visit to the great African lake, of course unknown at that time to Europeans. He says, "It is well known by all the people there that the river which goes through Egypt takes its origin and source from the lake."

These extracts, with many others, have been frequently quoted before in the discussion of the most ancient geographic problem yet left to us, and I will not extend them by any reference to many mediæval speculations, based on the evidently correct and much misunderstood geography of Ptolemy, and but to only one of comparatively modern times, the first announcement from authentic information. It is that given by Pigafetta, among many wild speculations of his own, from the authority of Duarte (or Odoardo) Lopez, in his 'Relatione del Reaine di Congo,' published in 1591.

....

He states that "there are two lakes,. . . . situated north and south of each other, in almost a direct line, and about 400 miles asunder. Some persons in these countries are of opinion that the Nile, after leaving the first lake, hides itself underground, but afterwards rises again..... The Nile truly has its origin in this first lake, which is in 12° south latitude, . . . . and it runs 400 miles due north, and enters another very large lake, which is called by the natives a sea, because it is 220 miles in extent, and it lies under the equator." I will not now extend these quotations, but the last-named author, as has been pointed out by Mr. R. H. Major, has indicated the connexion between the two lakes on his map as “Lagoa," a lagoon or shallow, coinciding exactly with Sir Samuel Baker's information.

I trust that the expeditions now on foot in Africa will settle this great controversy, and secure for England and the Royal Geographical Society the honour of finally closing the canon of ancient geography, and completing the grand discoveries commenced by Capt. Burton in 1857, which has been denied to the greatest explorer that ever existed, Dr. Livingstone.

But there is one aspect of the geographic solution which may be thought by many not so desirable as the simple fact of the final determination of a grand geographic problem. It may be demonstrated that Lake Tanganyika and its southern extension, the beautiful Lake Liemba, first seen by Dr. Livingstone, and its tributaries, reaching to the cold highlands where that great man's earthly career ended, all belong to the basin of the Nile. If it be the determination of the Khedive,

* Blackwood's Magazine, Sept. 1859, p. 352.

+ See Journal Royal Geographical Society, vol.xv.pp.371-374. Pigafetta, edition 1591, p. 80.

that Egypt and the Nile basin shall be conterminous, there may be something to deplore on the missionary object of the great traveller's life. The Mohammedan influence, which has been so forcibly dwelt on of late by Sir Samuel Baker, may, in these distant regions, become paramount, and the telegrams of to-day tell us that by great efforts the navigation of the Nile has been opened up to Gondokoro, so that it behoves Europe to make strenuous exertions to prevent the great efforts she has made to open Africa to Western civilization from being turned to her detriment. A. G. FINDLAY.

GEOLOGICAL NOTES.

Ar the last ordinary monthly meeting of the Manchester Geological Society, Mr. J. Plant drew attention to some specimens of fossil bones belonging to the extinct mammoth (Elephas primigenius) which he exhibited. These bones were discovered in a cavern at Crosshills, near Skipton, in the Millstone-Grit formation; they were in a fragmentary condition, the rock in which they were found having been broken up in the process of excavation. The largest specimen was a portion of the tusk, and the next, half of one of the larger molars, showing five of the transverse perpendicular plates. The proprietor of the cave has closed it temporarily, but the workings are to be shortly resumed, and every care is to be taken to preserve the remaining portions of the mammoth in as perfect a state as possible.

The Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science contains a paper 'On the Geology of the Cobequid Mountains, Nova Scotia,' by Mr. D. Honeyman. The survey described in this paper promises to be of considerable scientific and practical importance. On the Cumberland side of the range a great metalliferous, as well as marblecontaining series, has been, for the first time, recognized. A series of jaspideous and amygdaloidal conglomerates, which correspond to those of Quebec, Canada, has been carefully examined. Above the conglomerates is a considerable thickness of diorites, shales, and slates. The shales contain abundance of fossils of older forms than any yet found in Nova Scotia. These are in the finest state of preservation. Graptolites of the most delicate and beautiful forms are in a state of preservation unexampled in such rocks.

Among the most interesting results obtained by Principal Dawson, in his researches on the palæontology of Nova Scotia, may be mentioned his discovery, in the Joggins coal-field, of erect hollow stumps of Sigillariæ, enclosing in their cavities some of the oldest-known forms of landshells, gally-worms, and insects. The myriapoda found in these tree-stumps have been carefully studied by Mr. S. H. Scudder, who has published, in the Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, an important paper On the Carboniferous Myriapods preserved in the Sigillarian Stumps of Nova Scotia. Instead of forming only a single species, as was originally supposed, Mr. Scudder finds that the relics represent not only several distinct species, but even two genera of gallyworms-Xylobius and Archiulus. It seems that these fossil myriapods compose a family of Chilognaths, closely allied to the Iulidæ, but distinct from any now living, and to which the name of Archiulidæ may be applied.

The last Part of the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India is devoted to two valuable Reports; the one, by Mr. R. Bruce Foote, 'On the Geology of Madras,' and the other, by Mr. H. B. Medlicott, On the Narbadá or Sátpurá CoalBasin.' Very little had been done towards interpreting the geological structure of the country around Madras, until the work was taken up, in 1862, by the Survey. It is a detailed Report of that work which is now published by Mr. Foote. The area described in his memoir occupies about 2,600 square miles, and includes parts of the Madras and North Arcot districts, lying north of the Palar River. The lateritic deposits, some of which have yielded quartzite implements, are described in much detail. These deposits occupy

the greater part of the surface of the higher tracts of ground, and overlie the older rocks, which are referred to the Cuddalore series (Tertiary), the Rajmahal beds (Jurassic), and a series of metamorphic rocks, chiefly gneiss.

Mr. V. Ball, of the Geological Survey of India, has published, in the last number of the Records of the Geological Survey, a description of two volcanic islands, situated in the Bay of Bengal, and known as Barren Island and Narkondam. Although Barren Island has frequently been described, the author expresses his surprise at the inaccuracy of most of the published descriptions. He does not hold out any prospect that the collection and refining of the sulphur of this volcano which has been contemplated would be remunerative. Among recent contributions to the division of those Records which are published under the title of Paleontologia Indica,' we may refer to Dr. Stoliczka's monograph 'On the Corals and Echinoderms of the Cretaceous Fauna of Southern India,' and to Dr. Waagen's memoir 'On the Belemnitidæ and Nautilida of the Jurassic Rocks of Kutch,' which are admirable papers, splendidly illustrated.

M. Daubrée read to the Académie des Sciences, at the Séance of the 26th of January, a letter from Prof. Nordenskiöld, containing observations made by him during his sojourn, last summer, in the Polar Regions. The following extracts are of interest ::-"Nous avons à présent assez de matériaux pour nous donner une idée de la végétation et du climat arctique pendant les périodes suivantes-1. Age intermédiaire entre les formations Dévoniennes et houillères (Beeren-Eiland, Claesbillen, Bay et Bell Sound). 2. Age houiller moyen, séparé du premier par immenses dépôts calcaires et siliceux (Robert-River, Recherche Bay). 3. Age Juriassique, à Cap Bohemian Isfjord. 4. Craie inférieur (Groenland). 5. Craie Moyenne Isfjord. 6. Craie supérieure (Groenland). 7. Age Miocène (Cap Heer à Isfjord, de Cap Lyell à Recherche Bay). M. Heer has already finished a fine work on the Cataceous Plants of the Arctic Zone, which will shortly be published by the Stockholm Academy of Sciences.

The Annales des Sciences Géologiques which was originated in 1870, by M. Hébert and by M. Alph. Milne Edwards, has just completed the fourth volume, containing two important Memoirs by M. Sauvage, and by MM. Cotteau, C. Perron, and V. Gauthier, on the fishes and fossils of Algeria, and one by M. Hébert, on a Comparison of the Inferior Oolites of England and Belgium with those of the Paris Basin.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, for March, opens with a paper, by Mr. H. J. Carter, F.R.S., On the Structure called Eozoon Canadense in the Laurentian Limestone of Canada,' in which he startles us by saying, "I

am at a loss to conceive how the so-called Eozoon

Canadense can be identified with foraminiferous structure, except by the wildest conjecture, and then such identification no longer becomes of any scientific value."

A valuable contribution to geological science will be found in the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, third part, for 1873, by Le Comte G. De Saporta, 'Sur les Caractères Propres à la Végétation Pliocène, à propos des Découvertes de M. J. Rames, dans la Cantal.'

M. CRUVEILHIER.

IN the death of M. Cruveilhier, France has lost one who has done more than most towards raising the standard of scientific medicine, and more especially pathological anatomy. Born in 1791, at Limoges, he studied at the Paris Medical School under Dupuytren, and gained his degree on a thesis devoted to the subject, which was the foundation of his reputation. In 1825, he was appointed to the chair of anatomy, previously held by Béclard, and, whilst he held it, published his well-known 'Traité d'Anatomie Descriptive.' After this, he directed his attention to pathological anatomy almost exclusively, and, in 1828, commenced his superb work 'L'Anatomie Pathologique du Corps

Humain,' which has so long held the position it well deserves. The publication of this work gained him the chair of pathology, which was founded by Dupuytren in 1835, and by him endowed. This he held for thirty years.

Cruveilhier was also the founder of the Société Anatomique, of which he held the post of President until 1870. By this and other means he was most active in elevating and maintaining the status of the medical profession in his own and other countries.

SOCIETIES.

ROYAL.-March 12.-The President in the chair. The following papers were read: 'Contributions to the Developmental History of the Mollusca Loligo, Aplysia, Pisidium,' by Mr. E. Ray Lankester,-and 'Description of a new DeepSea Thermometer,' by Messrs. Negretti & Zambra.

ASTRONOMICAL.-March 13.-Prof. Adams in the chair. The following were the papers read: 'Notes on Sirius and y Argus, &c.,' by Mr. Pringle, On the some Spectroscopic Observations of Structure of the Solar Photosphere,' by Mr. graphs from Drawings of the Planet Jupiter, by Langley, Notes to Accompany Chromo-lithothe Earl of Rosse,-Occultation of Neptune,' by Mr. Talmage,-'Note on the Zodiacal Light,' by Mr. Knobel,-'On the Obituary of the late Temple Chevalier,' by Mr. Carrington,-'On the Relative Magnitude of the 5th and 6th Stars in the Trapezium of Orion,' by Mr. Barneby,-On Two Ancient Conjunctions of Mars and Jupiter,' and On the Zodiacal Light,' by Mr. Johnson,Second paper 'On the probable Variability of some of the Red Stars of Schjellerup's List,' by Mr. Birmingham,Note on the Curvature of the Lines in the Dispersion Spectrum and on a Method of Correcting it, by Mr. Christie,-'On a Method of Drawing by Continued Motion an Approximation to a Parabola,' by Mr. Penrose,-On a Remarkable Structure visible upon the Photographs of the Solar Eclipse of December 12, 1871,' by Mr. A. C. Ranyard,-'On the Solution of the Equations in the Method of Least Squares,' and 'Remarks on Two Papers of Mr. Stone on the Treatment of Observations,' by Mr. J. W. L. Glaisher, and 'On the Determination of Longitude by Chronometers by the late Capt. H. F. Murphy,' by Mr. Lecky.

GEOLOGICAL.-March 11.-J. Evans, Esq., President, in the chair.-Messrs. H. W. Jackson, R. Winn, M.P., E. Stutchbury, R. Carter, E. W. Hawker, D. R. Irvine, J. Horne, and A. W. Howitt, were elected Fellows; and Prof. E. Desor, of Neuchâtel, and Prof. A. Gaudry, of Paris, were elected Foreign Members.-The following communications were read: 'On the Relationship existing between the Echinothuridæ, Wyville Thomson, and the Perischoechinidæ, M'Coy,'- by Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., On the Discovery of Foraminifera, &c., in the Boulder-clays of Cheshire,' by Mr. W. Shone, jun.,-and 'On the Occurrence of a Tremadoc Area near the Wrekin in South Shropshire, with Description of a New Fauna,' by Mr. C. Callaway.

ASIATIC.-March 16.-Sir T. E. Colebrooke, Bart., M.P. in the chair.-Mr. F. W. Lawrence and Dr. H. Blochmann, of Calcutta, were elected Members. Mr. T. W. Rhys Davids exhibited a collection of coins made by him in Ceylon, consisting of ancient Singhalese, as well as of English and Dutch coins, struck in the island-probably the most complete collection of its kind. Of especial interest were a lion coin of King Parâkrama the Great (A.D. 1153–1188), and a gold coin, with the name of Lakshmî on it, of about the same age, the only specimens known to exist in Europe; besides two gold coins of Parâkrama bearing the legend Lankesvara. The collection also included a number of later coins of various Eastern countries. -Dr. G. W. Leitner, of the Government College of Lahore, reported on the philological results of his investigations of the dialects of Dardistan. The materials submitted to the Meeting consisted chiefly

of comparative glossaries, inscriptions, manuscripts, and specimens of several of these dialects.

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.-March 12.-A. W. Franks, Esq., Director, in the chair.-Mr. Franks exhibited, 1. A Silver Plate with the Chart of Drake's Voyage (a second plate being exhibited by the Hon. A. Dillon), and six silver plates, simulating engraving, but which Mr. Franks said had been either stamped or cast, but more probably the former. The subjects on these plates were as follows: James the First, Queen Anne of Denmark, Charles the First as Prince of Wales, Henry the Fourth and his Queen, Gustavus Adolphus, a Satirical Subject, the Pope, &c. Mr. Franks believed that they must have been used as counters in sets of thirty-six. 2. A Tobacco-box, of pressed horn, with the arms of Sir Francis Drake, and the date 1577, made by J. O'Brisset in 1712. It is not easy to explain why boxes with this device should have been made at that time.-Mr. Franks was in possession of other specimens of J. O'Brisset's work. It was not certain whether he was a Frenchman or an Irishman.-The Rev. W. Egerton, Rector of Whitchurch, Salop, made a communication on the alleged discovery in that church of the bodies of the great Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury, who was killed at Chastillon in the year 1453, in the eightieth year of his age. The skull bore traces of having been cleft with a blow of a battle-axe, and each bone was wrapped up carefully in cerecloth, which would seem to corroborate Leland's statement that the body was originally buried in France, and was afterwards brought over by his grandson, Sir G. Talbot, and interred in the porch of the old church, which fell down in 1713, at Whitchurch, Salop, in accordance with the desire expressed in the Earl's will, made at Portsmouth in 1452.-In connexion with this sub

ject, Mr. C. K. Watson gave a résumé of the statements made in contemporary chronicles about the manner of Talbot's death. From these it appeared that he was shot in the thigh by a ball which killed the horse on which he was riding. The horse fell upon him and he was then despatched, not without circumstances of barbarity, by the French "archiers" who hastened to the spot. It will be remembered that of these bones the author of the 'First Part of Henry the Sixth' writes as follows:

BAST. Hew them to pieces! hack these bones asunder, Whose life was England's glory! Gallia's wonder! CHAR. Oh! no! forbear! for that which we have fled

During his life, let us not wrong it dead! MATHEMATICAL.-March 12.-Dr. Hirst, President, in the chair.-Col. A. R. Clarke and Messrs. W. R. Browne and E. Carpmael were elected Members; Prof. C. Niver and Mr. T. Muir were proposed for election.-The following papers were read: 'On Certain Constructions for Bicircular Quartics,' and 'On a Geometrical Interpretation of the Equations obtained by Equating to Zero the Resultant and the Discriminant of Two Binary Quantics,' by Prof. Cayley,' On the Cartesian Equation of the Circle cutting Three given Circles at given Angles,' by Mr. J. Griffiths, and 'On Another System of Poristic Equations,' by Prof. Wolstenholme.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.-March 10.Prof. G. Busk, President, in the chair.-Mr. J. A. Stewart was elected a Member.-A paper, by Dr. A. P. Reid, was read, 'On the Mixed or Halfbreed Races of North-Western Canada.' The mixed races were nine in number, viz., the progeny of-1. The Anglo-Saxon father and Indian mother; 2. The French and French-Canadian father and Indian mother; 3. The Anglo-Saxon father and mixed Anglo-Saxon and Indian mother; 4. The French father and mixed French and Indian mother; 5. The "half-breed" Anglo-Saxon and Indian as father and mother; 6. The "half-breed" French and Indian as father and mother; 7. The descendants proceeding from intermarriage of the fifth class; 8. The descendants proceeding from the intermarriage of the sixth class; 9. The mixed or "half-breed" father and Indian mother. These

nine divisions included the principal mass of the mixed peoples of Manitoba. The French and Anglo-Saxons and their descendants rarely intermarried. The author pointed out the marked change in physique, which was common to all the classes he had enumerated, that quickly followed the removal of Europeans to American soil. The complexion becomes swarthier, and more nearly resembles the type of native Americans than one would suppose. That change was due to climatic influences, to different food, and to altered customs. On the whole, there was a tendency in all the mixed races to the Indian rather than to the European type. Some of the families of the pure white and pure Indian were very numerous, sometimes reaching the number of fifteen; but four to six was the average.-A paper, by the Rev. G. Taplin, was read, 'On the Mixed Races of Australia and their Migrations.' The author's deductions were made chiefly from linguistic data. He, however, recorded the fact of having met with some individuals of the Narrinyeri tribe, who had light complexions and straight hair, while others were very dark with woolly hair. He found also that among the Narrinyeri there were superstitions and customs identical, even in name, with those obtaining among the Samoans.-Commander Telfer, R.N., communicated 'Notes on the Discovery of Burial-Grounds near Tiflis, in Georgia.' In one of the graves were found parts of a body that had undoubtedly been interred in a sitting posture. The skull of an adult was remarkably distorted, and bore a striking resemblance to the longest form of the Titicacan skulls of South America.-A paper by Miss A. W. Buckland, 'On the Serpent in Connexion with Primitive Metallurgy,' was read.

NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY.-March 13.-F. J.

Furnivall, Esq., Director, in the chair. This being the opening meeting of the Society, the Founder gave a short address, thanking the members present and absent for their help in forming the Society, and congratulating them on the result of their efforts. He sketched the history of the Society, and stated that he alone was responsible for its plan and conduct till that evening, when he had handed it over to the Committee in full working order, with its lines of work laid down. He noticed the generous way in which Mr. Fleay had put at the service of the Society the results of his many years' study of the very points the Director most desired to have brought to the front at first, the metrical tests, and insisted on their immense value. He also said that Mr. R. Simpson would write for the Society a series of papers on the relation of Shakspeare's stage to the political parties of his time, specially those of Cecil and Essex, a subject on which Mr. Simpson had worked for many years. Mr. A. J. Ellis would lead them on phonetic questions. Mr. Halliwell's devotion had almost relieved them from the task of searching for documents for Shakspeare's life, though here, too, the Society had already helped, and would help. Mr. Furnivall then urged on those present the duty of getting more than the 250 members they then counted, of forming more Shakspeare Reading Parties and Branch Societies, of training up more students and editors of the Society's books. He asked for volunteers to examine Beaumont, Fletcher, and Massinger for Mr. Fleay's second paper, copies of which were distributed in the room; he referred good humouredly to the opposition that the New Society had encountered, and said he wanted 100 new Shakspeare Societies, with 1,000 members each. The New Shakspere Society was Perdita calling, this spring-time, for "Flowres o' th' Spring" to strew its "sweet friend o're and o're." "Pale the hue of its flowers of praise may be, and faint their odour; but such as they are, we lay them at Shakspeare's feet, sure that neuer any thing

Can be amisse, when simplenesse and duty tender it."

like

The Hon. Secretary read the names of some fifty new members who had joined the Society since the issue of the printed list of members. The paper (read by Dr. E. A. Abbott) was 'On Metrical Tests

as Applied to Dramatic Poetry, Part 1, Shakspere,' by the Rev. F. G. Fleay, M.A. A long discussion followed, in which Mr. Furnivall, Mr. R. Simpson, Mr. A. J. Ellis, Dr. E. A. Abbott, Mr. F. D. Matthew, Mr. E. Oswald, and others took part.

MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MON. London Institution, 4.- Elementary Botany,' I., Prof. Bentley. British Architects, 8.

Geographical 85.-Journey in the Island of Zezo, and on the Progress of Geography in Japan,' Mr. R. G. Watson. TUES. Royal Institution, 3.-Physical Properties of Liquids and Gases,' Prof. Tyndall.

Anthropological Institute, 8.-Origin and Development of the Mental Function in Man,' Rev. D. I. Heath; Mental Differences between the Sexes,' Mr. W. L. Distant; Notes on an Ashanti Skull.' Prof. Busk.

Civil Engineers, 8.-Continued Discussion on Gun-Carriages and Mechanical Appliances for Working Heavy Ordnance. Colonial Institute, 8.-Settlements on the Straits of Malacca,' Mr. L. Wray. WED. London Institution, 7.-Musical Lecture, Prof. Ella. Geological, 8.- Upper Coal Formation of Eastern Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, in its Relation to the Permian,' Principal Dawson; Carboniferous Conglomerates of the Eastern Part of the Basin of the Eden.' Mr. J. G. Goodchild: Account of a Well Section in the Chalk at the North End of Driffield, East Yorkshire,' Mr. R. Mortimer. Literature, 8.- Legends, Songs, Fables, and Proverbs of the Dardu Races, N. W. of Kashmir,' Dr. G. W. Leitner. Society of Arts, 8.- London International Exhibition of 1874,' Lieut. H. H. Cole, R.E.

Telegraph Engineers, 8.- Decay and Preservation of Timber
for Telegraph Purposes,' Mr. W. Langdon.

British Archaeological Association, 8.- Ancient Roman Vernal
Festivals,' Mr. J. Morgan.

THURS. Royal Institution, 3.-Cryptogamic Vegetation, Ferns and
Mosses,' Prof. W. C. Williamson.

Antiquaries, 8-Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Toddington, Bed. fordshire,' Mr. J. Wyatt.

United Service Institution, 3.- English Genius and Army Organization,' Lieut.-Col. G. Chesney.

New Shakspere, 8.- Application of Metrical Tests to deter mine the Authorship and Chronological Succession of Dramatic Writings, Part I., Fletcher, Beaumont, Massinger,' Rev. F. G. Fleay.

Royal Institution, 9.- Physical History of the Rhine,' Prof. A. C. Ramsay.

Royal Institution, 3.- Mr. Wood's Discoveries at Ephesus,' Mr. C. T. Newton.

Science Gossip.

A TELEGRAM has been received at the Admiralty announcing the safe arrival of H.M.S. Challenger at Melbourne. On her voyage from the Cape of Good Hope, she has visited Kerguelen Land and latitude of nearly 664 south. By the next mail Heard, or MacDonald, Island, and attained a we may expect some interesting details of this part of her scientific voyage.

THE last Report from the Sub-Wealden Exploration states that the Diamond Boring Company had reached the depth of 556 feet, advancing at the rate of about 55 feet per week. "We are still in Kimmeridge Clay, the fresh drawn cores smell strongly of petroleum or mineral oil, so that we may say we have struck ile at last.' In addition to the characteristic fossils described heretofore, we have found three specimens of ammonites."

AT the suggestion of Sir G. B. Airy, the Colliery Guardian has issued for the use of Miners, a map showing the Magnetic Declination for England and Wales for 1874. A line drawn from Flamborough Head to Corfe Castle gives the line of westerly declination as 20o; a line drawn from Shields to Plymouth as 21°; and a line drawn from Maryport, Cumberland, to a little to the west of the Land's End as 22o. Attention to these magnetic variations in Mining Surveys cannot be too strictly attended to.

PROF. H. THURSTON, in a note to the American Society of Civil Engineers, forcibly claims for Count Rumford: That he was the first to prove the immateriality of heat, and to indicate that it is a form of energy, publishing his conclusions a year before Davy; that he first, and nearly half a century before Joule, determined, with almost perfect accuracy the mechanical equivalent of heat; that he is entitled to the sole credit of the experimental discovery of the true nature of heat.

THE Clifton College Scientific Society has recently issued the fourth part of its Transactions. This part contains a good paper on the Manufacture of Pottery in this country, and an interesting one on an Iron Mine recently opened in the Royal York Crescent, Clifton.

MR. J. PATTINSON called the attention of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Chemical Society at their meeting on the 25th of February, to a practical examination of the rate at which bleaching-powder loses its available chlorine.

WE desire to direct attention to the Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie, of

which the third part, embracing the Séances from August to the end of December, is now before us. It promises to form a valuable record of the progress of biological science.

PROF. ERDMANN's description of the coal-field of Scania, published in Swedish, under the title of 'Beskrifning öfver Skånes Stenkolsförande Formation,' has recently been translated into French. The geological age of this coal has not been positively settled; some authorities, on palæontological grounds, refer it to the Lias, whilst Prof. O. Torrel compares its ferns and cycads with those of the Oolites of Scarborough.

A NEW plant yielding textile fibres is claiming much attention in America. It is one of the nettle family, and known to naturalists as the Laportea pustulata, or L. Canadensis. It grows naturally in the Alleghanies, at the height of 1,630 mètres above the level of the sea; but it has been cultivated successfully in America, and in the botanic garden of Berlin.

'ON the Minute Structure of the Solar Photosphere,' is the title of a paper, by Mr. S. P. Langley, in the American Journal of Science and Arts for February. This is an examination, carried out at the Alleghany Observatory, into the phenomena of of the "willow leaves " of Mr. Nasmyth, the "rice grains" of Messrs. Stone and Donkin, the "crystals " of M. Chacornac. The paper is accompanied by a well-executed drawing, showing the peculiarities of this remarkable structure, and especially representing the behaviour of those filaments when near the places of the solar disturbances which occur upon the formation of a black spot.

FINE ARTS

would that such was the case with other " "Lives" of great artists. With all this, we cannot but feel that there is a lack of local and personal colouring, the very essence in such works as this; yet it is much the best biography of Thorvaldsen, and as such the translation should be welcome to students who, while they may question M. Plon's estimate of the technical merits of the artist, are glad to admit that he gave us not a few very noble sculptures, the production of which was extremely serviceable in showing that, classicist as the artist was, he knew, on occasion, how to draw the line above mechanical reproduction of the antique. That classicism in sculpture is, now-a-days, an anachronism, is an axiom which must in Thorvaldsen's case be applied with due regard to the circumstances of his time and training. The catalogue of sculptures will be found useful by

students.

The Altar: its Baldachin and Reredos. By R. P. Pullan. (Palmer.)-Mr. Pullan, well-known by his researches about classical and Byzantine notion that baldacchinos were likely to be brought architecture, appears to have been affected by a into considerable vogue, and, therefore, in haste, he prepared a numerous set of sketches of designs of these debatable works-designs in various styles, suitable for adoption in churches of nearly every modern architectural fashion. We think that he erred in supposing that many such will be needed, and that we are more likely to revert to the "Communion Table" than to set-up "Altars as he proposes. with such adornments

Mr. Pullan has some right to speak about baldacchinos, seeing that, with M. Texier, he brought to notice the earliest-known representation of such structures, in the valuable work on 'Byzantine Architecture,' which we reviewed some years ago. He gives a succinct sketch of the history of baldacchinos, their uses and characteristics. This part of the tract before us will be useful to those who are interested in the subject. He is, of course, an advocate for the employment of such ornaments; but we cannot agree with him on this point of the subject. The pleas put forward in favour of introducing the reredos are not sufficient in our eyes to justify our adding the further Francesca de Rimini, Neophyte, Andromeda,' &c., at the DORE distinguishing mark of the "altar." On these

The SHADOW of DEATH.' Painted by Mr. HOLMAN HUNT. -NOW on VIEW. From 10 till 5.-A spacious Platform has been erected. so that Visitors now have an unimpeded View of the Picture. -39B, Old Bond Street.-Admission, 18.

DUDLEY GALLERY, Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly.-GENERAL EXHIBITION of WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS.-The TENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION is OPEN DAILY, from 10 A.M. to 6 P.M.Admission, 18.; Catalogue, 6d. GEORGE L. HALL, Hon. Sec.

DORE'S GREAT PICTURE of CHRIST LEAVING the PRETORIUM,' with Night of the Crucifixion,' 'Christian Martyrs,' GALLERY, 35, New Bond Street. Ten to Six.-Admission, 18.

ROUND the WORLD with W. SIMPSON, being Pictures from the Four Quarters of the Globe by "A Special Artist."-Burlington Gallery, 191, Piccadilly. Open from Ten to Six.-Admission, including Catalogue, 18.

Thorvaldsen: his Life and Works. Illustrated. By Eugène Plon. Translated by Mrs. C. Hoey. (Bentley.)-This handsome but rather cumbrous volume contains a careful translation of the French

original, with biographical notices, criticisms, and an elaborate catalogue of the works of the famous sculptor. The memoir contains, of course, no additions to the publication of 1867. In respect to completeness as a biography, it may be called a

model book, describing the artist's origin, technical training in Denmark and Rome, his personal peculiarities, the characteristic acts of his life, the laboriousness of his early studies, his first piece of good fortune when Mr. Thomas Hope commissioned him to execute the sadly neglected Jason, his troubles with the exigent and somewhat imperious "Anna Maria," a "sort of waiting-woman to the Signora Zoëga," with whom he fell in love and whom he made his mistress, the progress of his fame, the conduct of his works, his great success, his long life in Rome and elsewhere, his honours and his death. The original is so well known to all admirers of Thorvaldsen, that we need not enter on an elaborate examination of the English version before us. The book is readable, because it is clearly written, in an affectionate strain. The author does not hide his subject's personal shortcomings and his faults, but he makes a sculpturesque hero of him; and if he estimates Thorvaldsen's art according to a standard which we cannot accept in its fullness, that is not more than we have reason to expect from a biographer who is in love with his work. The method of treating the materials is exact, careful, and systematically chronological;

grounds we fancy that Mr. Pullan's labours, light and brief as he admits them to be, are ill timed, if not unfortunate. Architecturally speaking, his adaptations and compositions are marked by a great deal of spirit and taste; but, generally, they with their proposed surroundings. seem over ornate, yet elegant, and in good keeping

THE Archæological Journal last issued contains several interesting papers, including those by Mr. Kerslake, 'On the Celt and Teuton in Exeter,' a very elaborate essay on the topography of the city. This is valuable as showing, among other things, how rash one may be who generalizes. Thus, a learned writer said that "Exeter was one of the few towns in England which have been continuously inhabited since Roman days," and "that the main lines of the Roman city are there as plain as ever"; whereas, says Mr. Kerslake, one third of the is not the same as that of the original plan," the whole united length of the present great cross-ways present plan of the city in this respect not being yet a century old! The essayist traces the old and new plans of Exeter, and succeeds in proving his case in its details; but, after all, his opponent was right in effect when he said that the Roman and the modern plans of Exeter were identical. The fact is that there has been, almost within memory, an extensive alteration of one of the arms of the

Roman cross-way, and the very Carfoix is not the same as of yore; but the principle of both plans is the same. Mr. King contributes a paper on an intaglio, probably commemorating the Gothic victory of Emilian; Mr. Colby deals exhaustively with the heraldry of Exeter; Mr. Clark has an essay on earthworks in Brecknockshire.

WE have received from Mr. C. Bean, Linear Drawing, an Introduction to Technical Drawing, by G. C. Mast-a little book with a set of plates.

The author proposes to ease drawing-masters' difficulties, and facilitate the studies of their pupils, by drawing with instruments, which, however, is, at best, but a poor education for the eye, and, therefore, also for the mind, which desires to understand the structure and forms of objects, by analyses of their appearance when represented, according to the laws of perspective, either scientifically employed, as in model-drawing and orthographic projection, or empirically applied as in free-hand drawing. To aid teachers and pupils, Mr. Mast would put before the latter a series of flat patterns, i. e. geometrical exercises without geometry, a sort of child's puzzle-making, of no avail unless as an exercise of the duller phases of a mechanical patience, which imparts no knowledge of the structures of objects, and fails to Mr. Mast says, cultivate power of reasoning. that in Germany a book of this kind is used; if so, we wonder the Germans can draw at all.

MESSRS. WARD, LOCK & TYLER send us Antique Point and Honiton Lace, by Mrs. Treadletter-press consists of practical instructions for the win, Illustrated with Diagrams and Patterns. The manufacture, by hand, of the varieties of Honiton lace; descriptions of the numerous processes involved in the delicate handicraft, and directions to ladies who may desire to make their own bridal veils-an operation which is at once so delicate and mysterious, that we dare not venture to touch even on its history. Suffice it, therefore, to hint to brides what the book contains. Mrs. Treadwin

gives less awe-inspiring injunctions about clever modes of transferring, altering, and mending old lace, of cleaning old lace, and of colouring and stiffening it. The book is a good one, and can hardly fail to be serviceable to those for whom it is written.

SALES.

MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS sold, on the 14th inst., the following pictures and drawings, the property of the Earl of Dunmore, and of a lady:-Pictures: Mr. G. B. O'Neill, Nestlings, 2361. Mr. F. R. Pickersgill, Lady Jane Grey, 1471.; The Lost Game, 1057.; Sir D. Lacy Wounded, 136.-Mr. T. S. Cooper, Cattle and Sheep on the Banks of a River, 1947.—Mr. R. Redgrave, The Awakened Conscience, 681.—Mr. J. Č. Hook, Venice in 1850, 115l.—Mr. J. F. Herring, The Baron's Charger, 1991.-A. Solomon, The Bashful Lover, 2831.-Etty, The High Priest of Israel, 1577.—Mr. F. D. Hardy, The Mousetrap, 1731.; La Soeur de Charité, 105l.-Mr. J. Pettie, The Arrest for Witchcraft, 3881.—Mr. J. C. Horsley, Burning of the Books, from 'Don Quixote,' 3151.; The New Dress, 1571.-Mr. W. Q. Orchardson, The Story of a Life, 341l.—Mr. F. D. Hardy, Baby's First Birthday, 2021.-Mr. W. P. Frith, The Marriage of the Prince of Wales, 7407. -Sir E. Landseer, The Flood in the Highlands, small replica, 7871. Drawings: C. Fielding, A River Scene, with Cows, 521.; Ben Lomond, 884.; Off Whitby, 861.; Scarborough, 514.; Loch Lomond, 2361.-Mr. F. Tayler, A Pair of Hunting Subjects, 561.; Troopers Crossing_a_Ford, 531.; Three Hunting Subjects, 851.-Mr. J. Hardy, Fourfooted Gamekeepers, 711.; In Reserve, 651.-Girtin, Kirkstall Abbey, 541.-Turner, A Devonshire Landscape, Sunset, 2311.-Malle. R. Bonheur, Sheep, 671.; Brittany Cow and Calf, 1941.—Mr. B. Foster, A Surrey Cottage, 90%.; Dunblane, 1211.; Egg Poachers, 1621. Mr. E. Duncan, Winter, 1007.; Landing Fish, 1831.; A Wreck, 1521.; Ostend Fishing Boats, 4201.; A Wreck, with a rainbow, 941.-W. Hunt, Black Grapes, 1057.; A Boy Reading, Candlelight, 1577.-D. Cox, Tintern Abbey, 162l.; A Hayfield, 50l.-Stanfield, On the Clyde, 2201.; On the Solway, 1261.; Loch Lomond, 1417.-S. Prout, Beauvais, 3991.; Vicenza, 1057.; Augsburg, 1151.-Mr. B. Rivière, Flies, 781. -Mr. H. B. Willis, Scottish Highlands, 160.W. Collins, A Coast Scene, with children, 1997.D. Roberts, Oberwesel, 1997.; Burgos, 2521.Mr. E. Lundgren, An English Girl, 501.-Mr. E. Frère, The First Earrings, 581.-J. Martin, Esk