day in many a manor in defiance of economic theory. The description of a manor, p. 310, throws light on a point which has puzzled some German historians. They have been curious to know whether the villeins of an English manor lived in the same village with the freeholders, or in another part of the manor by themselves. In the manor referred to, Great Tey in Essex, "the free tenants were chiefly placed on the southern part of the manor; the base tenants or villani were placed in the northern part, and were in a great measure surrounded by the lord's demesnes." The book is full of information on mediæval custom and rural economy. The limited edition of 325 copies, now published, ought to be soon exhausted. OUR LIBRARY TABLE. MR. H. BOWLES FRANKLIN, of the Middle Temple, and lately of the Royal Artillery, has published, through Messrs. Trübner & Co., Outlines of Military Law and the Laws of Evidence. The book will be found a useful addition to every officer's library, for it goes far to educe order out of the chaos which is called military law. The author possesses an advantage over most other writers on a similar subject, for to the knowledge of the lawyer he superadds the experience of the soldier. The consequence is that he has produced a work which omits little that a regimental officer ought to know, contains little that he need not know, and is, moreover, cheap and portable. An excellent feature in the book is that it gives the powers of the commanding officer. The part devoted to the laws of evidence contains, in a plain and easily to be understood form, information in which officers are, as a rule, somewhat deficient. The value of the treatise is much increased by a quotation of precedents in all cases in which there has been any difference of opinion, or in which principles have been established; and an excellent index facilitates refer ence. THE Gentleman Emigrant, by Mr. W. Stamer, published by Tinsley Brothers, is a book which may possibly be found useful by emigrants with capital, but not very, we think. We are sorry to see a joke about "rubbing out" natives at up-country stations in Australia, as a form of sport. In England it is generally supposed to be murder. We are not surprised to find that the popularity of Col. C. C. Chesney's Waterloo Lectures (Longmans & Co.) should have been such that already a third edition has been found necessary. On two points Col. Chesney has thought it necessary to make alterations. In the first two editions the author dwelt upon the neglect of Blücher to communicate early to Wellington his defeat at Ligny and consequent retreat. It appears now, from recent researches made in Berlin, that Blücher was not guilty of this neglect, and that the officer he sent to his colleague has been identified with a retired Lieut. Col. Winterfeldt, who died not long ago at Hanover. The other point is whether Wellington was justified in fighting with the forest of Soignies in his rear. Napoleon maintained that he was not. It now turns out that, in 1821, Wellington said to General Ziegler, Commandant of Namur, "I should not have retreated on the wood of Soignies, as Napoleon supposed, thinking I should fall back on Brussels and the sea, but should have taken the direction to my left, that is towards Wavre, which would have given me the substantial advantage of drawing near the Prussian army." On this Col. Chesney remarks:-"As it would plainly have been impossible to carry off his right wing in the direction thus indicated, it must have been divided from him, and made a distinct retreat westward. And this possibility gives the most proper solution ever offered of his obstinacy in retaining the troops at Hal, which would have proved of real service in forming a rallying point for the force thus to be left separated under Lord Carlyle's Works, People's Edition, Translations from the GerHill." THE dissolution of the last Parliament cannot have been popular with the publishers and compilers of almanacs, for it made a large portion of each almanac for 1874 useless within a few weeks after the commencement of the year. Mr. Joseph Whitaker has, with his usual energy, set himself to repair the blow, so far as it affects him, and has sent us a "Supplement" of thirty-two pages to his Almanack. WE have to acknowledge the receipt of that useful work of reference, the Calendar of the University of London, published by Messrs. Taylor & Francis. MR. VAN VOORST has sent us a second edition Quadrupeds, originally published in 1839. of Mr. Bell's delightful book, A History of British The volume is handsomely printed and abundantly illustrated. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Theology. Arnold's (M.) Literature and Dogma, 4th edit. cr. 8vo. 9/ cl. Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, ed. by H. J. Coleridge, 6/ Forgett's (E. H.) External Evidences of Christianity, 2/6 cl. Labour, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl. Gregory's (E. I.) Old Testament, Part 2, 12mo. 1/ cl. lp. Sutton's (H.) Tramway Acts of the United Kingdom, 12/ cl. Fine Art. Robson's (E. R.) School Architecture, 8vo. 31/6 cl. Poetry and the Drama. Buchanan's (R.) Poetical Works, Vol 3, cr. 8vo. 6/ cl. man of Musæus, Tieck, Richter, Vol. 1,' cr. 8vo. 2/ el. Crake's (Rev. A. D. First Chronicle of Escendune, 3/6 cl. Dame Dolores, or the Wise Nun of Eastonmere, 12mo. 4/ cl. Dickens's Old Curiosity Shop, Vol. 1, Library Edit., 8vo. 10/cl Family Herald, Vol. 32, 4to. 4/6 cl. Fenton's (E. D. "B," an Autobiography, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 31/6 cl. Hooper's (Mrs. G.) House of Raby, cr. 8vo. 10/6 cl. Kortright's (F. Aikin) A Little Lower than the Angels, 3/6 cl 'ETRUSCAN RESEARCHES.' I FIND that I am expected to reply to the numerous critics who, in your columns, have called attention to my 'Etruscan Researches.' It would ill become me to express any commendation of the remarks of a scholar so eminent as Mr. Wright. I trust, however, that he will not deem it an impertinence if I say that I am much obliged to him for pointing out several undoubted errors into which my ignorance of Arabic has betrayed me. By referring to p. 359 of my book, he will find that I was fully aware of the danger of mistaking importations from the Arabic for genuine Turkish words, but I admit that I have not taken sufficient pains to avoid this patent peril. Mr. Wright will add to the obligation under which he has placed me if he will allow me to ask him one or two questions. Is it so absolutely certain that all the words which are common to Arabic and Turkish are loan-words from the Arabic? Is there not, rather, reason to believe that Arabic contains many words which are really of Turkish, or at least of Turanian origin? With regard to several of the words to which he calls attention, I had, rightly or wrongly, come to the deliberate conclusion that this must be the case. Douglas (G.), Poetical Works of, with Memoir, by J. Small, Take the case, for instance, of the Turkish word 4 vols. cr. 8vo. 63/ cl. Murray's (J. C.) Ballads and Songs of Scotland, cr. 8vo. 6/ cl. Neil's (Ross) Plays, 'The Cid,' &c., cr. 8vo. 8/ cl. History. Campbell's (Lord) Lives of Chief Justices, 3rd edit. Vols. 3 and 4, cr. 8vo. 6/ each, cl. Charlotte, Princess of Wales, Memoir of, by Lady R. Wiegall, 2nd edit. 8vo. 8/6 cl. Genealogy of the Royal Family, Chart, 1/ Elliot's (F.) Old Court Life in France, 3rd edit. 8vo. 10/6 cl. Nicholas's (T.) Pedigree of the English People, 4th edit. 16/ cl. Bacon's New Map of London, 1/ in case. Stanley's Life and Finding of Dr. Livingstone, new ed. 3/6 cl. Philology. Collier's (W. F.) New Practical English Grammar, 12mo. 1/ Herodotus, Stories from, in Attic Greek, adapted by J. S. Phillpotts, viz.: Story of Rhampsinitus, 12mo. 1/6 swd.; Tales of Rhampsinitus, 12mo. 9d. swd.; Battle of Marathon, 12mo. 9d. swd. Low's Children's Own German Book, edited by Dr. A. L. Meissner, 12mo. 1/6 bds. Meissner's (A. L.) Philology of French Language, new ed. 3/ Morris's Greek Lessons, 3rd edit. 16mo. 2/6 cl. Motteau's (A.) Civil Service First French Book, 12mo. 1/6 cl. Ship of Fools, translated by A. Barclay, 2 vols. cr. 4to. 63/ cl. Burbidge's (F. W.) Domestic Floriculture, cr. 8vo. 7/6 cl. Erichsen (J. E.) On Hospitalism, &c., cr. 8vo. 3/6 cl. lp. Handyside's (H.) Method of Overcoming Steep Gradients on Railways, 8vo. 1/ swd. Holmes's (W. C.) Instructions for the Management of Gas Works, 8vo. 4/ cl. swd. Kingston's (F. K) Unity of Creation, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl. cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl. Lardner's (Dr.) Electric Telegraph, new ed. by E. B. Bright, Short Logarithmic and other Tables, 8vo. 1/6 cl. swd. Alcott's (L. M.) Work, a Story of Experience, cr. 8vo. 6/cl. Barbara's Warning, by Author of Recommended to Mercy,' 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 31/6 cl. Borland Hall, by Author of 'Olrig Grange,' cr. 8vo. 7/ cl. 13 66 nessl, which means "progeny," "race," posterity." This word is found not only in Turkish and in Arabic, but also in Samojed, while in Tungus it not only belongs to the vocabulary, but enters into the fundamental grammatical structure of the language, being used as a suffix to form the plural for all words which express relationship, and for these words only. For instance, aki, a "cousin," makes the plural aki-nasal, literally "cousin-folk," "cousin-kindred" (Castrén, 'Tungus. Sprachlehre,' pp. 7, 72). or Here only four suppositions are possible: 1. The Samojedes and Tunguses, who live on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, may have borrowed the word from the Arabs-a supposition which seems to me to be utterly incredible and impossible. 2. The identity in sound and meaning between the Arabic and Altaic words may be purely accidental. This is certainly possible, but the mathematical chances are thousands to one against it. 3. The word may be radically Altaic, and have been borrowed by the Arabs. 4. It may be one of the primeval words which were the common heritage of Semites and Turanians. Believing that one of the two last suppositions affords the true solution of the difficulty, I ventured, with full knowledge of the accepted Arabic derivation, to cite the Turkish ness as a doubtful Turanian word which might help to explain the Etruscan nesl. I should be glad to know how Mr. Wright accounts for the identity in sound and meaning between the Tungus and Arabic words, and whether he still considers my qualified statement to be wholly unjustifiable. The same line of argument applies to several of the words to which Mr. Wright takes exception. If the Turkish jinn is radically Semitic and not Turanian, how did it get into Chinese? If the Turkish ghoul is radically Arabic and not Altaic, how did it get into Ostiak? If the Turkish words kuwat and jan are radically, the one Arabic, and the other Persian, how did they both get into Tscherimis? All these cases, and many more could easily be added, must be accounted for. If the words are radically Turkish, their presence in other Altaic languages is at once explained. If radically Semitic, the problem is immensely more difficult. When I ventured to cite these words in my book, I did so in the belief that their existence in Arabic as well as Turkish must be accounted for on the hypothesis of a large infusion of genuine Turanian roots into the Semitic and Aryan languages. And in this belief I do not stand alone. I am supported by the authority of M. Lenormant, of Sir Henry Rawlinson, of Mr. Sayce, and of Mr. Edkins; and I may also refer to the authoritative opinion expressed in the Report of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1868. I venture, therefore, to think that the question, if argued fairly, must be argued on far wider grounds than those selected by Mr. Wright. It seems to me that to argue as he does is in reality to beg the very question which has to be decided. Although the tone of Capt. Burton's letter is, perhaps, slightly more boisterous than is strictly demanded by a scientific discussion, I cordially welcome his valuable testimony as to the reality of that solution of the Etruscan problem which I have propounded. Capt. Burton offers only one piece of detailed criticism, and this, I am sorry to say, I cannot accept. He calls me to account for my "stupendous carelessness" in reading the legend on the door of the Trojan horse huins instead of hlins, that is, "Huns" instead of "Hellenes." Capt. Burton's suggestion is by no means new. It was made by Lanzi eighty-five years ago; but it has, since that time, been generally rejected. Even Fabretti, with whose theories Lanzi's reading would best square, feels himself obliged to give it up. Capt. Burton first turns the word upside down, and reads HAINS. If Capt. Burton had transcribed, as I have done, more than 3,000 Etruscan inscriptions, he would see that this is inadmissible. In the first place, it involves reading the legend from left to right, instead of from right to left, according to the Etruscan practice; and in the second place, it involves the use of the Greek A, which though perhaps possible in Faliscan, cannot be allowed in an Etruscan inscription. Capt. Burton seems to have some misgiving as to the legitimacy of his process, as he forthwith proceeds to turn the word the right way up, and reading it from right to left, SNIVH, he suggests that the V is really meant for an L. This, though more plausible than his first attempt, cannot be allowed, as the engraved fac-similes clearly give a V and not an L. Moreover, the Etruscan transliteration of the word Hellenes would be ELINS, and not HLINS, as is shown by the name of Helen, which is incessantly repeated on the mirrors and vases in the three forms, ELINA, ELINAI, and ELINEI, while it is never once written HLINA, as Capt. Burton's theory would require. I will not retort on Capt. Burton his charge of "stupendous carelessness," since the phrase seems to me to be needlessly strong for a philological controversy; but I may, at all events, assure him that I did not adopt so startling a reading without full deliberation, and without taking every possible precaution, short of going to Paris to examine the mirror with a microscope. Mr. Hyde Clarke announces, in an off-hand manner, that the Etruscan belongs to the Georgian family of languages. I hasten to save him the inevitable trouble and disappointment which he will incur if he attempts to verify his conjecture. This very obvious supposition occurred to me long ago. I took much pains to test this, among other possible solutions, but I found that it yielded no results. There are one or two superficial resemblances, but that is all. I hardly know whether Lord Crawford's letter is supposed to require a serious refutation. It certainly deserves the credit of marvellous ingenuity, but he does not really take up my chal lenge, which was to prove that the six words on the dice correspond to the first six digits in High Dutch. His letter virtually admits that this cannot be done. As to the interpretation which he propounds, a sufficient answer is the difficulty which would be experienced by any one less ingenious than himself in playing a satisfactory game of dice, if the faces were marked with the grammarless legend,-"Dice-Zeus-number-fall-two-six." Even if these words could bear the meaning which he assigns, May these sacred dice turn up double sixes,"-I think he will admit that his translation of the six words is less simple, and also less probable than my own reading,-"Onetwo-three-four-five-six." But, apart from the intrinsic probabilities of the case, there are grave philological difficulties in the way of his translation. According to his reading, the face which denoted the "five" throw is marked with a word which, he says, means "two." Moreover, the name of Zeus, if written in Etruscan, would certainly take the form TINA, and not THU. There are numberless instances of this. But it is hardly necessary to go into the philological difficulties which Lord Crawford's theory involves, since the words on the dice are independently proved to be digits by the occurrence, certainly, of five of them, probably of all six, either in their cardinal or their ordinal forms, in well-known numerical formulæ, such as records of age, records of the number of children, and the like. The efforts which have been made to discredit the evidence of the dice by the supporters of the Aryan theory, seem tacitly to acknowledge that they are a terrible obstacle to that theory, and convince me more firmly than ever of their supreme importance as the key to the Etruscan riddle. I repeat, what I have before affirmed, these dice will be found to be the "Rosetta stone" of the Etruscan language. ISAAC TAYLOR. THE SHAPIRA COLLECTION. Jerusalem, April 4, 1874. we did not reach the Belka, but we bought from two different Bedouin tribes forty-one little idols, or pieces of them, found near Um er Resas and the Derb el Hadj. It is not likely that Selim brought them all from Jerusalem to the Derb el Hadj, a distance of more than three days' journey. 6. I asked altogether forty persons, of twelve different Bedouin tribes, and of course always in the absence of Selim, secretly about the pottery. All, without any exception, agreed that such things were found in the ruins of the ancient towns, and that they were sold to Selim, because no other person from Jerusalem comes to Moab to buy them, and because they were acquainted with him more than ten years. It is not likely that the whole Belka has been bribed by the former servant of M. Ganneau to tell me a lie. 7. Already, in November, 1873, when Mr. Drake spoke the first time about his suspicions of the genuineness of Mr. Shapira's later collection, I searched the workshops of all the potters I could find in Jerusalem, four in number. Amongst them was that of Achmed Alawiye, Bakir el Masri, and Chalil el Malhi. I visited them in the afternoon, when nobody was present, and searched thoroughly all the rooms. I did not find one single suspicious piece, but only the common bricks, pots, &c. It is not likely that the potters, careless as are all Arabs, and taken by surprise by my visit, removed their "antikas," if they ever made such. 8. Directly after the arrival of M. Ganneau's second letter (Athenæum, No. 2419), I visited Selim's house, accompanied by the Chancellor of the German Consulate, and inspected from beginning to the end all corners, cupboards, and boxes, opened willingly by Selim's father. Selim himself was at this time in Moab, where he had then been for a week. We did not find any proof of forgery, neither instruments nor works, although his father had not the least idea before that we should come to search his house. It is not likely that if there were to be found any traces of his fabrication, we should not have come upon them, when thus taking him by surprise. M. GANNEAU'S opinion against the genuineness 9. The Rev. Greville Chester, as I am informed, of the Moabite pottery having been stated, allow one of the most famous connoisseurs of ancient me to put before you another view of the matter. pottery in England, and different celebrated archæI give, at first, the reasons which make for theologists in Germany, saw the antiquities, and, after genuineness of the antiquities. 1. You find in the specimens four different languages (Moabitic, Himyaritic, Nabatean, and another one unknown to me), and five different kinds of characters, the Moabitic being written in a twofold manner. It is not likely that Selim el Kari read them all from his copy of the Mesa stone. 2. You find in one idol the clear inscription "El Amat," and in other specimens words giving a perfectly good sense (cfr. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlaendischen Gesellschaft, Band 26, p. 393, $79., and p. 786, sqq.). It is not likely that Selim learned the characters, but the language too. el Kari, copying once the Mesa stone, not only 3. It needs a great archæological and chemical knowledge to make all these pieces "grow old," as M. Ganneau says. It is not likely that Selim el Kari learned such science in his native Arabic school. 4. Mr. Shapira has in his three collections more than 1,000 different objects of old idolatry. It is not likely that Selim el Kari heard at any time anything of the ancient Moabitic cultus, or that, as a tenth-rate Greek painter, he could have invented and designed them himself. 5. I made three journeys to Moab, two with Selim, and the third one without his company, very soon after M. Ganneau's first letter (Athenæum, No. 2413) arrived here. I dug myself in Medeba, in a spot to which I was not conducted by Selim, and found twelve pieces of pottery, some plaster with inscriptions, and some broken pieces of figures. The second time, guided by Selim, I found, in a cave near Karn el Keboch, four feet under the firm ground, which did not show the least sign of having been recently disturbed, seven vases, five complete, two broken, all with inscriptions. The third time, accompanied by three Englishmen, Rev. T. Neil, Rev. W. Hall, and Capt. Steevens, a careful examination, declared them genuine. It is not likely that they all have been deceived by a clever, but surely unlearned, Arabic fellow. Now let me collect M. Ganneau's reasons against the genuineness of the so-called Shapira collection. 1. M. Ganneau saw drawings of some pieces in London, and found in the Moabitic inscriptions the mim and some other characters very similar to those his former agent, Selim, copied for him from the Mesa stone. (A careful examination would have shown that there are four different mim in the plates and vases.) 2. M. Ganneau could not find in any one of the inscriptions that he saw a sense satisfactory to himself. (I don't know if this is in every case the fault of the inscriptions.) 3. M. Ganneau, arrived in Jerusalem, saw, la main dans le sac, by Mr. Shapira's kindness, the later collection, and declared not only this later one but the former also forged from beginning to the end," because the clay looked quite new," and like that used in Jerusalem. (The potters to whom I showed some pieces which I found myself in Medeba and bought in Dibon, uttered already, in December, 1873, quite another opinion about the clay.) 4. M. Ganneau examined the Jerusalem potters, "beginning at the eldest even unto the last," and found, after all his efforts, a boy of sixteen or seventeen years, called Hassan Ibn El Bitar. The other potters must have denied that they had anything to do with Selim, and so, although he might have wished a better one, Hassan was M. Ganneau's last refuge. He took the boy into his own house,twenty minutes from the Jaffa gate, outside of the town, and there he closed the door, I think in order not to lose his treasure. Immediately, as it seems according to M. Ganneau's first letter, Hassan confessed that some months before he often carried in the night the clay from his former master, Achmed, to Selim El Kari; Selim made the idols, Achmed burnt them, Hassan took them back, and saw how these poor creatures were dipped into water, and afterwards, I think, buried in the earth; and so, by help of all the four elements, became the nicest "antikas" he ever had seen. I think the first three reasons brought up by M. Ganneau are too subjective ones to have any value in themselves. But the fourth seems striking, and seemed so at first to me. I sent, therefore, directly after the arrival of M. Ganneau's letter, before the boy could have heard of it, to Hassan. He came almost crying to the German consulate, and repeated what he had told to M. Ganneau, that Selim made the idols. But all the details were different from those given in M. Ganneau's report. The first time we examined him he said, that he left Achmed two years,-not, as M. Ganneau says, some months before,--that he knew Selim only for thirty days during that time, and brought clay or pots to him and back all together four or five times, not in the night, but in different times of the day and evening, that he never burnt his arm by the hot idols, never let them fall,-and that he never saw how Selim made the idols, and dipped them into the water: one by one contradictions to M. Ganneau's tale in your No. 2413. This story the boy gave, before he could speak with one of the other potters, and repeated the following day, when Mr. Drake was invited to assist. Then Mr. Drake, seeing the great differences between the boy's story and M. Ganneau's report, proposed to take aside the crying and anxious boy, and to ask him once more the truth. So he went, accompanied by a German gentleman, Herr Duisberg, with Hassan in a private room. Here the boy fell at the feet of the two gentlemen, asking them to defend him, and confessed that he told a lie to M. Ganneau, after having got a box on the ear, and being threatened, not with "death," as M. Ganneau writes, but by a carbatsh (riding-whip), and that he repeated this lie to us because he thought us the friends and companions of M. Ganneau. It is clear that the boy lied once, either at first in M. Ganneau's house, or at last in the German consulate. Against the last supposition, all the abovementioned reasons making for the genuineness must be adduced. On the supposition that the boy lied in M. Ganneau's house, the whole matter becomes clear. Leaving to M. Ganneau the other, tell a lie, and at last he was presented with 9 Looking at the matter in this way, I am quite Mr. Drake's opinion about the forgery is much more reasonable, but his witness, Abou Mansoura, seems to me not worthy of great confidence. Therefore, till better proofs are produced, I think it much more likely that all these antiquities are genuine. The very interesting details of our different inquiries respecting this matter I hope you will find in the next number of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlaendischen Gesellschaft. LIC. H. WESER, Pastor. *** Next week we hope to publish a most important letter on the subject, which we have received from M. Ganneau. Literary Gossip. MR. GEORGE SMITH, of the British Museum, has arrived, with his newly found treasures, at Aleppo, on his homeward journey from explorations in Assyria. MISS C. ROSSETTI will bring out, a little before Christmas next, a new volume of tales. THE third edition of the English translation of 'The Old Faiths and the New' is to appear shortly. Miss Blind will add to it an original memoir of Strauss, and a translation of Strauss's Postscript. This, we believe, will be the first biographical notice, longer than a newspaper article, that has appeared as yet. THE famous range of extinct "volcanoes of Mr. Disraeli's Manchester speech was, it will be remembered, discovered by us in Wilkes. We have now hit upon the no less A.D. 803; the other, in Anglo-Saxon, is a territorial grant by King Berchtwulf. White's 'Selborne' is, we understand, far advanced towards completion. It will contain BURNS' collectors will hear with pleasure that Mr. M'Kie, of Kilmarnock, has in view the publication of a "Burns' Calendar and Handy Register of Burnsiana," which will form a record of events in the poet's history, of names associated with his life and writings, and a concise bibliography. Mr. M'Kie has devoted himself to the collection of everything that could throw any light on the life or works of Burns. MR. E. C. BIGMORE writes : "In the spring of 1861, when in the employment of Messrs. Puttick & Simpson, I made a catalogue of a large collection of original MSS. of Burns, among which was a copy of the poem, "Thou Liberty, thou art my theme,' given by Mr H. A. Bright in last week's Athenaeum. The collection was subsequently sold by auction, and this particular poem was bought by Mr. Bell, of Manchester, for 31. 5s. In the same collection were two commonplace-books of poems, first drafts, &c., similar to the one mentioned by Mr. Bright as being in the Liverpool Library: they were entirely in Burns's autograph, but did not contain this poem, which, I presume, was never published because it was not completed. Burns seems to have been in the habit of giving his friends autograph copies of his poems. I should like to know how many 'original' MSS. of Scots wha hae' are in existence. I have seen several." THE subscriptions towards the "Charles Knight Memorial Fund" now amount to about 7501., and additional contributions are coming in daily. It has not yet been decided what form the memorial will take. This will depend on the amount of money in the I shall give shortly the story from this point of famous phrase of the Bath letter-'Coningsby.' treasurer's hands when the list is closed. view. Many Arabs had seen the pottery in Mr. Shapira's shop before M. Ganneau arrived here in Jerusalem. Afterwards they had heard that Selim was the agent in the matter, and that he got a great deal of money by his trade. Then M. Ganneau came to all the potters, and asked them-it chapter 4: "He was the son of a noble may have been very carefully and cautiously-Palæographical Society's annual publication, completing the first year's labours, is far ad- A NEW monetary work, intended to show the importance of American municipal bonds as investments, is in the press. It will be published by Messrs. Whittaker & Co. A NEW Conservative weekly paper, under College Journal, is about to be published at the title of the Windsor Gazette and Eton Eton. Mr. Frederic Williams, who after six years' connexion with the Birmingham Daily Gazette is retiring from its editorship, will be the editor. THE results of the employment of female labour in some of the Edinburgh printingoffices, consequent on the strike which occurred upwards of a year ago, have been satisfactory. A number of women are now working in some of the chief establishments in the Scottish capital. MESSRS. THOMAS COOK & SON, the "excursionists," are about to issue, in conjunction with Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton, a series of popular Tourists' Guides. The series is to commence with 'Switzerland,' which will be issued during the present month, and is to be followed by similar handbooks to Holland, Belgium and the Rhine, and Italy. THE REV. David Hogg, author of 'Life and Times of the Rev. John Wightman, D.D.,' of Kirkmahoe, is about to publish a 'Life of Allan Cunningham.' of men. SHOULD Mr. William Howitt ever extend his researches north of the Border, he will find in Paisley an apt illustration of his cherished theory, that certain localities are favourable to the production of certain classes The citizens of that ancient burgh are naturally proud that they can number among their poets, Wilson, Motherwell, and Tannahill; and so, as the fashion is, they intend to celebrate the centenary of the last named, which occurs on the 3rd of June next, with great rejoicing. THE anniversary of the birth of Ariosto is to be celebrated, at Ferrara, on the 8th of September, and preparations for the ceremony have already been commenced, under the auspices of a Comitato Ariosteo, in Ferrara, of which Dr. Bergami is the president, and Dr. A. Bottoni, the secretary. The popular dramatist and poet, Signor Pietro Cossa, of Rome, has accepted the invitation to write an historical play on Ariosto, which is to be performed during the festival. THE Pennsylvania Legislature, says the Publishers' Weekly, has taken upon itself to dabble with the school-books used in the public schools, and a Bill to provide for uniform school-books throughout the State has been introduced in the Senate. It enacts that a board, consisting of the State Superintendent and three citizens, shall examine all school-books, and pick out a complete series in all grades, including all branches of study. Those selected shall be used in the public schools for five years, beginning from September, 1875. The Board is to ascertain from the publishers on what terms they will supply the books selected, and also the terms on which the copyrights may be acquired by the State. If the Board fails to agree on any particular book necessary to complete the series, the members are to supply the deficiency themselves by preparing a new book. It is not often that a Highness joins the literary fraternity, but we learn that His Highness Midhat Pasha has employed his leisure since his retirement from the Grand Viziership in writing a popular work on the Arabic elements in the Turkish language, and that the Ottoman Government have directed its publication for the use of schools, although the present administration is adverse to Midhat Pasha. Will Mr. Disraeli publish any lucubration of Mr. Gladstone's? The new book is consequent on the more national study of the Turkish language. Before the publication of the grammar written by H.H. Fuad Pasha, then Fuad Effendi, Turkish grammar was turned over to the Arabic school, and the Arabic portions of Turkish, theological, legal, and scientific terms, were sometimes dealt with as a part of Arabic grammar. THE Tenth General Meeting of the German Shakspeare Society took place at Weimar, on the 23rd ult. just issued the first volume of his edition of the 'Monasticon Hibernicum,' which he is publishing in monthly parts. This great work of the Rev. Mervyn Archdall, which, since its first publication, in 1786, has been the grand storehouse of information on all subjects connected with Irish abbeys, priories, &c., is to be completed in three volumes. Much additional matter, of considerable importance, is given, and many inaccuracies are corrected. A GENERAL INDEX to the first twenty-five volumes of the Journal of the Archæological Institute is in course of preparation. We hope it may appear soon, for such a work is much wanted. But we think it would be more convenient to issue indices to each decade of volumes. As it is, the index for the twenty-five volumes will be more than five years in arrear, and mankind must wait twenty years more for the second general index. SIR ANDREW ORR, whose death has been announced in the papers, was the head of a very old Glasgow stationery house, which also brought out cheap publications. In byegone days, Orr's Penny Almanac was well known in every peasant home in Scotland. THE New York Nation tells us that the Iapi Oaye (Word-Carrier), a monthly newspaper, in the Dakota language, has reached the third number of its third volume. More than a thousand Dakota Indians can read, and about five hundred subscribe to the Iapi Oaye. Another Indian newspaper is Our Monthly, printed in the Creek (Muskokee) language at Tullahassee, Creek Nation. The number for January, 1874, began the third volume. Our Monthly, like more pretentious journals, has its Washington correspondenta self-taught Creek, Mr. Thompson Perryman, who writes for the January number from "Wasentv cuko, Rvfocuse nettv 10, 1874." PROF. SEELEY has pointed out to us the slip we made a fortnight ago in attributing the authorship of "The Greatest of the Plantagenets' to him. Prof. Seeley adds: "I may as well kill two canards with one stone. Some of my friends have been startled to read, in Prince Florestan of Monaco,' that Mr. Seeley' had been heard to express, at the Cambridge Union, the most devoted sympathy for the cause of the Commune. Allow me to make known, by your interest in me or my doings, that I never felt any means, to all persons everywhere, who take any sympathy for the Commune, and, if I had, could not have expressed it at the Union, for I never was a member of the Union." SCIENCE PROF. JOHN PHILLIPS. ALL who have been interested in the progress of science, during the last half century, will learn with deep regret that, on the 24th ult., Prof. Phillips died at Oxford. On Thursday, the 23rd, he had been dining with several members of the University at All Souls' College, and while walking, after dinner, from one room to another, in converand he fell headlong down a flight of stairs; paralysis ensued, and on the afternoon of Friday he expired, at the age of seventy-three years. THE diary of Mr. Chase, Secretary to the Treasury during President Lincoln's adminis-sation with the Principal of Jesus, his foot slipped tration, and afterwards Chief Justice, is to be published in America immediately. The New York Herald gives some extracts in advance, including an account of the Cabinet Council at which President Lincoln unexpectedly announced his intention of emancipating the slaves. MR. B. KELLY, of Grafton Street, Dublin, has with his John Phillips has filled so important a place in the world of science, that everything connected this time. In February, 1866, he furnished to the progress possesses an especial interest at writer of this notice an account of his schoolboy days and of his early studies, under the guidance of his uncle, William Smith. As these notes have never been published (a few short extracts only having been made from them), it is thought that they cannot fail of being interesting to our readers. at Marden, in Wiltshire, the moment being noted "I was born on the happy Christmas Day, 1800, by my father with the exactitude suited to a horoscope. He was the youngest son of a Welsh family, settled for very many generations on their own property at Blaen-y-ddol, in Carmarthenshire, and some other farms near it. In their possessions, father died in the beginning of this century. My much reduced from their ancient extent, my grandfather, born in 1769, was trained for the Church, in which some of his relations had place; but this plan was not carried out. He came to England, was appointed an Officer of Excise, and married the sister of dear old William Smith, of Churchill, in Oxfordshire. "My first teachings were under his eye, and I may say hand, for he now and then employed the argumentum baculinum,-though very gently. But he died when I was seven years old; my mother soon after; and my subsequent life was under the friendly charge of my great relative, a civil engineer in full practice, known as 'Strata Smith.' "When I was nine years of age, my uncle Smith took me by the hand, while walking over some cornbrash fields near Bath, and showed me the pentacrinite joints. He afterwards immersed them in vinegar to show the extrication of carbonic acid, and the flotation or 'swimming' of the fossils. "Before my tenth year I had passed through four schools, after which I entered the longforgotten, but much to be commended, old school at Holt Spa, in Wiltshire. Lately I rode through the village, and was sorry to find the place deprived of all that could be interesting to me. At Holt School a small microscope was given to with magnifiers, plants, insects, and shells. In me, and from that day I never ceased to scrutinize after-life this set me on making lenses, microscopes, telescopes, thermometers, barometers, electrophori, anemometers, and every kind of instrument wanted in my researches. tired with the ascent of Gea Fell, and the rough "When you see me now χαλεπῶς βαδίζων, path to the Zmutt Glacier, you will hardly credit me as the winner of many a race, and the first in many a desperate leap. My work at this school was incessant for five years. I took the greatest delight in Latin, French, and Mathematics, and had the usual lessons in drawing. We were required to write a good deal of Latin, especially our Sunday Theme,-of such, I wrote many for my idle associates. I worked through Moles' Algebra and Simpson's Euclid, the two first books completely, and selections of the others. The French master was a charming old Abbé, a réfugié, whose patience and good-nature and perseverance were quite above praise. We spoke and wrote French in abundance. Of Greek, I learned merely the rudiments, to be expanded in after-life. I did not work at German till some years later: Italian I merely looked at. "From the tragedies and comedies of school, I passed to a most pleasant interlude, by accepting a twelve-months' invitation to the home of my ever honoured friend, the Rev. Benjamin Richardson of Farleigh Castle, near Bath, one of the best naturalists in the West of England, a man of excellent education, and a certain generosity of mind, very rare and very precious. Educated in Christ Church, he retained much of the undefinable air of a gentleman of Old Oxford, but mixed with this there was a singular attachment to rural life, and farming operations. Looking back through the vista of half a century, among the ranks of my many kind and accomplished friends, I find no such man; and to my daily and hourly intercourse with him, to his talk on plants, shells, and fossils, to his curiously rich old library, and sympathy with all good knowledge, I may justly attribute whatever may be thought to have been my own success in following pursuits which he opened to my mind. "From the Rectory at Farleigh, where science and literature were seen under colours most attractive to youth, I was transferred, by the good old Bath coach, to my uncle Smith's large house, which looked out on the Thames from the eastern end of Buckingham Street. Here a kind of life awaited me, which, remembered at this long distance of time, excites sometimes my wonder, at other times my amusement, not seldom regret, but always my thankfulness. Here was a man in the exercise of a lucrative and honourable profession, who had for many years given every spare moment and every spare shilling to the execution of that vast work, the 'Map of the Strata of England and Wales.' After that was published, in 1815, he continued his labours in more detail, and issued twenty-one English County Maps, coloured geologically, after personal examination in each district. His home was full of maps, sections, models, and collections of fossils; and his hourly talk was of the laws of stratification, the succession of organic life, the practical value of geology, its importance in agriculture, engineering and commerce, its connexion with physical geography, the occupations of different people, and the distribution of different races. In this happy dream, of the future expansion of geology, his actual professional work was often forgotten, until at length he had thrown into the Gulf of the Strata all his little patrimony and all his little gains; and he gave up his London residence and wandered, at his own sweet will, among those rocks which had been so fatal to his prosperity, though so favourable to his renown. In all this contest for knowledge, under difficulties of no ordinary kind, I had my share. From the hour I entered his house in London, and for many years after he quitted it, we were never separated in act or thought. In every drawing or calculation which his profession required, in every survey for canal or drainage, or colliery or mine, I had my share of work; for every book, map, and tour my pencil was at his command. And thus my mind was moulded on his. And it seemed to be my destiny to mix, as he had done, the activity of a professional life with the interminable studies of geology. "Thus passed the time till the spring of 1824, when, by the invitation of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, then lately established, my uncle went to York to deliver a course of lectures on Geology, and I was his companion. This was the crisis of my life. From that hour the acquisitions I had made in Natural History and "Fossilogy,” | as we then termed the magnificent branch of study now known as Palæontology, brought me perpetual engagements in Yorkshire to arrange museums, and give lectures on their contents, to members of literary and philosophical societies. In this manner most of the Yorkshire towns which were active in promoting museums of Natural History and Geology were repeatedly visited: York, Scarborough, Hull, Leeds, and Sheffield became centres of most valuable friendships; and the great county, in which thirty thoughtful years were afterwards passed, became known to me as probably to no others. The generous Yorkshire people gave no stinted remuneration for my efforts to be useful, and I employed freely all the funds which came to my hands, in acquiring new and strengthening old knowledge, so as to be able to offer instructions in almost any department of Nature, but especially in Zoology and Geology. "By degrees Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Chester, Newcastle, and other places offered me advantages of the same kind as those which always welcomed me at home; and when, in 1831, the British Association was formed, my circle of operations had reached the University College, London, then under the wardenship of Mr. Leonard Horner. At this time I had been resident in York for five years, having the care of the Yorkshire Museum and the office of Secretary of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. In this capacity it was my good fortune to be associated with Mr. W. V. Harcourt, the first President of that Society, and to assist in the establishment of the great Association which he had so large a share in organizing, with Brew ster, Forbes, Johnston, Murchison, and Daubeny. After this the whole book of my life has been open for the public to read. Educated in no college, I have professed Geology in three Universities, and in each have found this branch of science firmly supported by scholars, philosophers, and divines." In 1834 John Phillips was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society. He occupied the chair of Geology at King's College, London, and subsequently that in the University of Dublin. In these positions his extensive knowledge of the sciences, in general, greatly aided him, and his lectures were remarkable for their clear enunciation of principles and the happiness of his illustrations. In 1858-59 Prof. Phillips was President of the Geological Society. On the death of Prof. Strickland, he was appointed Deputy-Reader in Geology in the University of Oxford, when the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him. The memoirs and papers of Prof. Phillips contributed to scientific journals were numerous. His most important books were his Treatise on Geology,' published in Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia,' his Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire,' and his 'Rivers, Mountains, and Sea Coasts of Yorkshire.' His 'Paleozoic Fossils of the South Western Counties' was a work of vast research and a valuable contribution to geological science; his latest book was the 'Geology of Oxford and the Valley of the Thames,' the result of many years of most industrious labour. The origin of the British Association was mainly due to the exertions of John Phillips; and its growth and progress were entirely dependent upon the energy which he threw into its business, at each annual meeting, and the genial feeling which he, for many years, so successfully diffused amongst the members. The Museum at Oxford was equally indebted to his knowledge, his industry, and the experience which he had gained during the years when the Museum of the York Society was under his charge. The life of Prof. John Phillips, which has been prolonged, in health, beyond the usual term, was one of unwearying energy, and ever blest with much real happiness. He lived amidst the friendship of our most distinguished men, and his death is regretted by all who were ever brought into contact with him. ASTRONOMICAL NOTES. HERR PALISA, of the Austrian Observatory of Pola, near Trieste, discovered another new planet (No. 137) on April 21. Three days afterwards he thought he had detected another; but it proved to be an old one. On account of the large number of these bodies, it has become sometimes a matter of difficulty to make sure that a new discovery is really such. Of the new recently-discovered comets, the orbit of Winnecke's (1874, II.) has been computed by Prof. Weiss. It passed its perihelion on March 14, but will be nearest the Earth on the 7th of the present month, at the distance of about fifty millions of miles. It will be at its greatest brightness (which is, however, not likely to be very great) at the beginning of next week, in the constellation Lyra, passing into Hercules towards the end of the week. The other comet (1874, III.), discovered by M. Coggia, will not arrive at perihelion (according to the calculations of Dr. Holetschek, of Vienna) until the middle of June, and will continue to approach the Earth after that. In that month its brightness may be considerable. It is now only 22° from the north pole, but will move rapidly to the southward next month. GEOLOGICAL April 15.-J. Evans, Esq., President, in the chair.-Mr. H. M. Whitehead was elected a Fellow.-The following communications were read: 'About Polar Glaciation,' by Mr. J. F. Campbell,-and 'Note regarding the Occurrence of Jade in the Karakash Valley, on the Southern Borders of Turkestan,' by Dr. F. Stoliczka. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.-April 23.—Anniversary Meeting. The following were elected Council and Officers for the ensuing year :-Eleven members of the old Council were re-chosen of the new Council, as follows: The Right Hon. the Earl Stanhope, President; J. Winter Jones, Vice-President; C. S. Perceval, Treasurer; A. W. Franks, Director; J. Evans and G. L. Gower, Auditors; F. Ouvry, H. Reeve, and W. M. Wylie. Ten of the other Fellows were chosen of the new Council, namely, E. Freshfield, Auditor; C. D. E. Fortnum, Rev. C. O. Goodford, P. C. Hardwick, Baron Heath, T. Lewin, H. S. Milman, Lord Redesdale, W. Smith, Sir H. M. Vavasour, Bart. C. K. Watson was re-elected Secretary.-The President delivered an Address, containing the usual obituary notices of Fellows deceased during the past year.-Resolutions were passed expressive of the great regret felt by the Society at the retirement of Mr. Ouvry from the office of Treasurer, and at the death of their late Fellow and some time Director, Mr. Albert Way, who, in his last illness, had expressed a wish that 150 volumes from his library should be given to the Society. To this wish the Honourable Mrs. Way had, in the most cordial manner, given effect. ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE—April 29.— The following were the Council and Officers elected for the ensuing year: President, The Lord Bishop of St. David's; Vice-Presidents, The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, The Duke of Devonshire, The Dean of Westminster, Right Hon. Sir W. Erle, Sir H. C. Rawlinson, H. Fox Talbot, Esq., Major-Gen. Sir C. Dickson, and the Rev. C. Sir P. de Colquhoun, Sir C. Nicholson, Bart., Babington; Council, Messrs. W. de Gray Birch, C. Clark (Treasurer), C. Goolden, S. G. Grady, J. W. Bone, E. W. Brabrook, C. H. E. Carmichael, N. E. S. A. Hamilton (Hon. Librarian), C. Harrison, J. Haynes, R. B. Holt, C. M. Ingleby Ruffières, W. S. W. Vaux (Secretary), and H. (Foreign Secretary), G. W. Moon, C. R. des W. Willoughby; Auditors, Rev. T. Hugo and H. Jeula; Clerk, Mr. Ayres; Collector, Mr. G. A. Stretton. BRITISH ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.-April 22.-Council Meeting.-G. R. Wright, Esq., in the chair. The list of the Officers and Council for the ensuing year, to be submitted to the Annual General Meeting in May, was read and approved, and an announcement made from the chair that K. D. Hodgson, Esq., M.P., would preside at the Annual Congress to be holden at Bristol, from the 4th to the 10th August next, succeeding to the Duke of Norfolk as President of the Association. It was also announced that the services of Mr. J. Reynolds had been retained as Honorary Local Secretary for the forthcoming Congress.-Evening Meeting.-The Rev. S. M. Mayhew, M.A., in the chair. An exhibition of Early English and Later Dutch Pottery, with some specimens of Venetian Glass, was made by Messrs. E. Roberts, Bailey, and Mayhew; and afterwards a paper was read by Mr. H. Syer-Cuming, on the origin of and causes which led to the Nine of Diamonds being called the Curse of Scotland.-This subject of inquiry produced a discussion, in which the Chairman, Messrs. S. J. Tucker, Rouge Croix, R. N. Philipps, D.C.L., E. Roberts, and Wright, took part.-A paper was read, 'On the Discovery of an Ancient British Interment, near Beddington Park, Surrey,' by Mr. E. P. L. Brock. den, President, in the chair.-The Secretary read ZOOLOGICAL.-April 21.-The Viscount Wala report on the additions that had been made to the Society's Menagerie during 1874. Among |