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angry collision with the new scientific | Three weeks later still, Galileo receives doctrines, she seems to have been another letter from the bishop mentionspecially anxious to give those doctrines ed in the last (Monsignore Dini), in the opportunity of obtaining the most which he is told that Cardinal Bellarfull and impartial consideration. Noth- mine had remarked that Galileo's case ing can exceed the moderation of tone was dismissed, and that if he spoke displayed by the Roman prelates and with circumspection, and "only as a cardinals of that day, and the kindness mathematician, he would be put to no with which they sought to warn Gali- further trouble." leo from the dangerous rocks on which What decision could be more equitahe seemed determined to ruin himself. ble and temperate than this? And it On the last day of February, 1615, im- appears to have given general satisfacmediately after the denunciation, a tion to the advocates of the new opinfriend wrote to him to say that he had ions, some of whom wrote to Galileo to seen Cardinal Barberini (afterwards congratulate him upon it as an imporPope Urban VIII), and that he had tant point gained. Only the philososaid, "Galileo ought not to travel out pher himself remained unsatisfied; he of the limits of physics and mathema- was bent upon having his adopted tics; he should confine himself to such theory received as an unquestionable reasonings as Ptolemy and Copernicus truth; and spite of the remonstrances used; declaring the views of Scripture, of his friends, he exerts himself in theologians maintain to be their own every possible way, both in season and particular province." Three weeks out of season, to effect this purpose. afterwards the same friend writes to First, he writes a long argumentative him again, and gives him a similar letter, which he sends to this same verdict from two other members of the Monsignore Dini, and begs him to lay Sacred College: "I have been this it before "Bellarmine and the Jesuits, morning," he says, "with Monsignore as being those who know most about Dini to the Cardinal del Monte, who such things." Monsignore Dini, acting told us he had lately had a long conver- on his own opinion and the advice of sation with Cardinal Bellarmine on the very sensible friends, thinks it better subject of the new opinions, and that not to deliver this letter, and writes te the conclusion was, that by confining Galileo to tell him so; reminding him, himself to the system and its demon- at the same time, that he is left at perstration, without interfering with the fect liberty to treat the question matheScriptures, the interpretation of which matically, provided he abstain from they wish to have confined to theological discussing its theological bearings;• professor's approved and authorized for and he begs him not to raise the questhe purpose, Galileo would be secure against any contradiction; but that otherwise, explanations of Scripture, however ingenious, will be admitted with difficulty, when they depart from the common opinion of the Fathers."

tion again, lest by assuming the attitude of defence where no attack is

#66 "Provided you do not enter the Sacristy," is the literal translation of the words used; but the sense is clearly that given in the text; "provided you don't poke your nose into what's other people's business."

made, he excite the suspicion of some- | cerned, I might return home at any thing wrong. It is deeply to be re- moment." Still, these private and gretted that this prudent advice should personal communications to himself did have been neglected. But the impetu- not satisfy him; he desired to obtain ous philosopher was too obstinate to be some public and official recognition of persuaded; and he immediately pro- his doctrines; he wished the Pope and ceeded to elaborate the last and most the Inquisition, says the ambassador formidable of his polemical epistles, of his own country, then resident in which he sent to the court of Florence; Rome, to declare that the Copernican and then set out, of his own free will, system was founded on the Bible; and to present himself before the Inquisition to gain this end, he lingered on in the in Rome, determined to force them, as Holy City, and sought to persuade the it were, to pronounce a judgment upon most eminent dignitaries of the Church his theories; to learn, as he expressed to exert themselves to the same purpose. himself in one of his letters on the Amongst those whom he succeeded in occasion, "what he was to believe on winning over to his side was Cardinal the Copernican system." In all that Ostini, who, at a most inopportune mohad hitherto been done. the Church ment, when the Pope and Cardinals had clearly shown her unwillingness were engaged in one of their largest to interfere in the matter; had shown congregations, in some deep and importhat she did not consider it a part of tant discussion, interposed in the most her duty to express any opinion what- abrupt manner to bring on the troubleever with reference to physical theories some question. For this ill-advised as such, unless they were brought into conduct he was immediately reprimandopen and unmistakable collision with ed by the Pope; nevertheless he rethe doctrines of the faith. But now turned to the charge, and again interGalileo goes, to force her to speak. rupted the business in hand. He arrives in Rome, and is delighted by the favorable reception he meets with; his enemies do all they can to vilify and injure him, by private and malicious whisperings, but without suc

cess.

Then,

and not till then, did the Pope, under feelings of irritation, declare that he would send the whole affair before the Inquisition, which tribunal presently enjoined silence upon him.

"My affair," he says of himself, This, however, is a point on which "has been brought to a close, so far we must speak at length by and by; at as I am individually concerned; the present I will only observe, that Galileo result has been signified to me by all had nobody but himself and his friends their Eminences the Cardinals (who to thank for this result. The examimanage these affairs in the most liberal nation was entirely of his own seeking, and obliging manner), with the assur- and not owing to any officious interance that they were perfectly satisfied, ference or excessive jealousy on the as well of my own candor and sincer- part of the Church, either against scienity, as of the diabolical malignity and tific pursuits generally, or against the iniquitous purposes of my persecutors; Copernican theory of the earth's moso that, so far as I am personally con- tion in particular. This is abundantly

proved also by the subsequent history a tone of such irony and bitter sarcasm of the philosopher and his disciples. as rendered it impossible that any triHe returned from Rome to Florence, bunal, pretending to public respect, where he was as much courted and should tamely submit to it. Moreover, admired as ever. Some years after- there were certain allusions in the prewards, Cardinal Barberini was raised face to "a most learned and elevated to the pontifical throne: immediately personage," who was treated in anythe friends of Galileo, and those who thing but a complimentary manner; were known to favor his opinions, and it was represented to his Holiness were placed in various posts of honour that the personage referred to could and profit, either immediately about not be any other than himself. Some the person of the Pope, or in some of modern writers, who have studied the the colleges and universities in his do- matter, do not consider it by any means minions. Galileo himself revisited the certain that any insult was intended. Eternal City, had a cordial interview However, the Pope thought otherwise; with his Holiness, was loaded with he was very angry with Galileo, and honors, and received a pension for he sent the case to the Inquisition. himself and his son. Elated by this Galileo was arraigned on the charge favorable fortune, his old imprudence of having violated the order imposed again got the mastery over him, and upon him in 1616; and being found he not only published a work on the guilty, that very severe sentence was very subject on which the Inquisition pronounced against him, the full parhad commanded him to keep silence, ticulars of the execution of which were but in the preface he actually referred laid before you in the beginning of this to the decree of 1616 by name, and in narrative.

(To be continued.)

Learn to behave properly at home. | Above all, if you wish to be at home Cultivate yourself. Do not sit, or in society, fill your brain with ideas. stand, or lounge about in an ungainly Set your mind at work. Wake it out attitude, but acquire a manly, erect of the sluggishness it would naturally bearing. I have never seen such sink into if you were only a plodder vigorous, hardy manhood in any class and nothing more, by good, stirring as among cultivated farmers' sons. thought. Take the newspapers and Let table manners especially be looked read them thoroughly. Knowledge is after. If you are so unfortunate as to a power in more senses than one. If have a mother who is careless in this you go into society with something in regard, you must do the best to remedy your mind worth talking about, you the early defects in your home training. will not fail to find listeners who will Note carefully how well-bred people treat you with respect; and where behave, and do your best to imitate you are well received, you will not them. It is noble to be an imitator of fail very soon to find yourself at that which is good and beautiful. ease.

MEMENTO MORI.

BY WM. GEOGHEGAN.

Oh! solemn Lord of Life, King Death! Art thou
Man's friend or foe? Or art thou each in turn ?
I've seen sire o'er dead son resignèd bow,

And o'er dead babe distracted mother mourn.

But thou wert friend, when that poor youth thou smot'st,
And saved his erring soul from crime's foul leaven;
And of that mother's friends wert loving most,

When, courier of the loving angel host,

Thine arms did bear her babe up to its kindred Heaven.

Ah me! thy scythe is mowing night and day;
Thy harvest lasts all through the rounding year:
'Mid Winter's snows-'mid sunny flowers of May-
'Mid Autumn's leaves, or green, or brown, or sear.
The ripening stalks, the blades of emerald sheen
Pile up thy sheaves and fill thy granary;
Life's mingled crop is gain to thee, I ween;

Heads ripe and gray-hearts young and fresh and green-
Thou need'st not harvest sun to gild thy grain for thee.

Master of Life! I hate thee not, though thou
Hast stolen friends most loving and most dear;

That they fled with thee wonder I not now;

For, whilst on earth, they lived to heaven so near.
Some have gone home in childhood's stainlessness,
Some at the threshold of life's perilous strife ;
The first are angels whom my night dreams bless,
The second haply saved; nor deem I less

Happy the friends that climbed to thee the snow-crowned hills of life.

SELF-DISCIPLINE.

BY ARTHUR HELPS.

There is always some danger of self- amuse themselves in fancying what discipline leading to a state of self- such persons as they are would do under confidence; and the more so, when various imaginary circumstances. For the motives for it are of a poor and flatterers and for fancies of this kind, worldly character, or the results of it not much depth of self-knowledge is outward only and superficial. But required; but he who wants to undersurely when a man has got the better stand his own nature for the purpose of any bad habit or evil disposition, of self-discipline, must strive to learn his sensations should not be those of the whole truth about himself, and not exultation only. Ought they not rather shrink from telling it to his own soul: be akin to the shuddering faintness with which he would survey a chasm that he had been guided to avoid, or with which he would recall to mind a dubious, deadly struggle which had terminated in his favor? The sense of danger is never, perhaps, so fully apprehended as when the danger has been overcome.

To thine own self be true,

And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. The old courtier Polonius meant this for worldly wisdom; but it may be construed much more deeply.

Imagine the soul, then, thoroughly awake to its state of danger, and the whole energies of the man devoted to Self-discipline is grounded on self- self-improvement. At this point, there knowledge. A man may be led to often arises a habit of introspection resolve upon some general course of which is too limited in its nature: we self-discipline by a faint glimpse of scrutinize each action as if it were a his moral degradation: let him not be thing by itself, independent and selfcontented with that small insight. originating; and so our scrutiny does His first step in self-discipline should less good, perhaps, than might be exbe an attempt to have something like pected from the pain it gives and the an adequate idea of the extent of the resolution it requires. Any truthful disorder. The deeper he goes in this examination into our actions must be matter, the better. He must try to good; but we ought not to be satisfied probe his own nature thoroughly. with it, until it becomes both searching Men often make use of what self- and progressive. Its aim should be knowledge they may possess to frame not only to investigate instances but to for themselves skilful flattery, or to discover principles. Thus, suppose

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