A third warrant, issued April 20th, 1657, is for a more serious offence:

"Hugh Hodgean, of Whitesham, against Edmond Myres, George Canny, and Thomas Taylour of Thwaites, for the breaking of his house, and taking £20 in moneys and other goods forth of the same the 16th of this instant, April."

On June 31, 1657, John Moore, of Irton, gets a warrant against his

"Printice, John Tyson, for departing from his services."

On the other hand,

"May 7, Henry Boyradell obtains a warrant against his master, Joseph Bebie, for immoderately beating him."

Another entry of a more serious nature, on July 15th of the same year:

66

com

Anthony Fox and Ralfe Kitchen, of Millom, Joseph plained that the said persons did, at Thwaites, within his Constablewick, rioatously assault and beat him with staffes, pitchforks, and other weapons, against the peace of his highness the Lord Protector, and is bound in £20 to prosecute his said information at the next sessions."

I observe (not without satisfaction, for it says something for progress,) that assaults were more common among what we call the "superior classes" then than now. John Bird, of Egremont, "cleark," gets a warrant of peace on May 31st, 1659, against Isack Antrobus, John Thomson, Henry Walker, and Nicholas Bragg, and it appears that the much decried system of cross summonses flourished so long ago as in these good old times, for on June 2nd, Isak Antrobus gets a warrant of peace against John Bird; members of the Latus, of the Curwen, of the Skelton, Senhouse, and other old families have, time and time, to answer for minor brutalities. The following are specimens of the recognisances entered into :

"Jenat Hambleton, of Middlecoulderton, widdow, in £40, to prosecute Richard Chappelhow, of Whitehaven, for the supposed stealing of her gray mare."

"Anthony

66

Anthony Asbourner, High Corney, with Anthony Jackson and John Asbourner, in £40, for behaviour lykwise for Elsa, his wife, and Anthony, his son, he towards Richard Singleton."

Upon the whole the fines seem higher, comparatively, than in similar cases at the present day. Many of the miscellaneous entries are of interest. The first two notes indicate that there were restrictions on travelling at that disturbed period:

"John Myres pays one shilling for a pass to travel to London on April 20, 1657; and on May 10, Joseph Nicholson obtains one to go to the Isle of Man."

Passing on to another subject:

"Joseph Herbert was convict the 10th day of March, 1657, before me by the oath of Will Ffilbeck, for the swearinge of five pfane oaths on the same day, viz., three of them by God, one by his troth, and one by his soule."

Similar entries occur by "God's hart," "God's blood, and "God's wounds," all pointing to the prereformation origin of the oaths. The fine in each instance was 2d. per oath. A more lengthy and solemn entry, at any rate so far as judicial form is concerned, occurs on April 6th, 1657:—

"Be it remembered that Richard Hodgkin, of Drigg, within the county of Cumberland, came before me, William Thomson, one of the justices of the peace of this county, and did acknowledge himself to be owing unto the Lord Protector and his successors the sume of Iolb of lawfull money of England, of his lands and tenements, goods and chattelis, to be levied by way of Recognizances upon condition that if this said Richard Hodgkin doe at any time hereafter play upon his vyall or any other instrument out of his own house, and thereon but for the recreation of himself and his family that then his recognizance to be void, or else to stande and continue in force."

"In December, 1656, were 24 persons of the parish of Drigg convicted before me for carding severall lord's dayes, and execution made according to the acte in that case made."

Muncaster and other parishes were no better than Drigg, for:

"September 14th, 1657, were 12 of Muncaster and other parishes convict before me for drinking in Ulpha on the Lord's day, and execu tion made by stocking them all."

Why

Why the record of marriages ceases as it does, December 14th, 1657, so long before the other entries terminate, or why they cease at the particular time they do, I cannot explain; probably the latter may be accounted for by the uncertain state into which everything fell, owing to the death of Cromwell, on the 3rd of September, 1658.

Thanks to the kindness of the Rev. Kenneth Mackenzie Pugh, I ascertain from the Drigg Register that "William Thomson, of Thornflat, was buried on the 3rd day of April, 1670."

ART. XIII.—The Senhouses, Stewards of Holme. By E. T. TYSON, Maryport.

Read at Seascale Hall, August 30th, 1881.

A

FEW months ago an old document was discovered by Mr. Ferguson, F.S.A., and the Rev. A. P. Shepherd (the present Vicar of Holme Cultram, in this county), at the old Abbey Church, in the parish of that name. It was found in the Vestry in a huge oaken chest, fastened by three fetter-locks. On being unlocked, for the first time probably within this century, the chest was found to contain a mass of mouldering papers, and amongst them was the one in question. In the last century the contents of the chest, together with other papers, appear to have been examined and sorted, and such of the documents as were thought to be valuable were, it is said, taken to Oxford, where they probably are to this day; whilst the refuse, consisting mainly or altogether of old law papers, was thrust again into the chest.

The document in question is entitled, "John Senhouse his patent for the Steward and Stewardship of the Lordshipp of Holme Cultram, with the leadinge and government of the tenantes against Scotland." At first sight it was taken to be the original patent, but Mr. Ferguson having allowed me to inspect the writing, I made a minute. examination of it. It is an old case for the opinion of counsel touching certain matters then in dispute between the Steward of the Manor or Lordship of Holme Cultram, and the Clerk of the Manor Court, with counsel's opinion thereon.

This old document is very interesting upon two accounts -first, as bearing upon the history of the Manor of Holme Cultram; and secondly, as throwing some light upon the

family history of two leading and much respected ancient families in this county, namely, the Dykes of Dovenby Hall, and the Senhouses of Netherhall. It runs as follows:

A° 1° Eliz:

George Lamplughe

Steward of the

pre

mises who surrendred

vt postea.

JOHN SENHOUSE his Patent for the Steward and Stewardship of the lordshipp of Holme Cultram with the leadinge and gouernment of the tenantes against Scotland.

Año p❜mo Eliz. George Lamplughe esquier by bill signed and lřes patentes vnder the greate seale of England had grannted vnto him vizt Officiu Senes

calli et Senescalsie omiu Dñîorum Manerior terrarz tenemtorg et hereditam nroru quorucumq3 tam in com não Cumbr' qm alibi que nup Monaster de Holme Cultram in dão com Cumbr' quondam spectabant et ptinebant vnacu Regimine gubernacõe et conduccone hominu et tenen nror dcora Dominor Manerior terrar tenemtorz et hereditamen ad seruiend nobis et successor ñris sub Custod sive Gardiano Occidental Marcharu nrarū ver? Scotiam quandocuq3 ad id requisi? fuer &ca wch lřes patentes the said George Lamplugh did afterward Surrend' and give vp to be cancelled.

Ao 16 Eliz: John Senhouse therevpon by patent is stewarde of ye premises vizt. of the Landes and gouernor and conductor of the tenantes against Scotland for seruice there which be twoe seuerall offices.

Afterward viz: Ano. 16 Eliz. the Queene's Matie by lyke Irés patentes vnder the greate seale of England recyting therein the said former lñés patentes granted the said office vnto John Senhouse in hec verba. Regina & Sciatis igitur qa nos in consideracone sursū reddid predic Necnon boni veri et fidelis Seruitii p pdēm Johem Senhouse nobis antehac impensi et imposter duran? vita sua impendent de gĩa nữa

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