117 BANK NOTE TABLE. MAINE. Cumberland.....de | Augusta.... .do [From Williams' Annual Register.] AUCTIONS.-Amount of duties on Auction Sales .do Gardiner... .de paid by the Auctioneers in the city of New-York, Vassalborough...do Merchants......do Kennebunk......de for the year ending September 30, 1831: Thomaston...... I Caso.... U. S. Branch..ta .do Union... Canal.. .do Manufacturers'. do South Berwick...de Portland.. Bangor.. Lincoln. ...do .do Bathhrop....no sale ..do NEW HAMPSHIRE. Rockingham....do | Claremont.......do ...do Concord.........do Farmers'........do Merrimack Co...do N. H.-Strafford.do Winnipiaseogee .do | Connecticut river do Salem. U.S. Branch..a Plymouth.......do Bank of Norfolk.de Hampshire......do Exchange.. Dedham.... ...do Biackstone......do Merch'ts Salem..do] John J. Bedient.... 926 91 Gloucester......do Fall River.. ..do do N. Bedford.do Bunker Hill.....do Peter M'Carty 855 01 Archibald Bryce.. 851 55 Franklin........de Danvers.... Thomas Tripler. 801 10 Samuel Phillips. 654 31 ..do Mechanics'......do Oxford.. ...do Central... ...do. ....do Cornelius Agnew 378 77 Peter Stagg. 230 35 Sidney P. Ingraham Lawrence Powers 144 96 125 05 116 65 $255,409 76 $236.474 85 For the New-York American. Marblehead. ...do Milbury. Newburyport....do Housatonic......do Greenfield.. a Village Bank....do | North Kingston..do U. S. Branch.. a Globe. Phoenix... 40, 9 between 40 and 50, 9 between 50 and 60, 2 between 60 and 70, 3 between 70 and SO, and 1 between 80 and 90. DiseasesApoplexy 1, casualty 1, catarrh 1, colic 1, consumption 20, convulsions 3, cramp in the stomach 1. diarrhea 1, dropsy 1, dropsy in the chest 2, dropsy in the head 10, drowned 1, epilepsy 2, fever intermittent 1, fever scarlet 3, frozen 1, gravel 1, hives or croup 4, inflammation of the bowels 5, inflammation of the brain 4, inflammation of the chest 2, inflammation of the liver 1, influenza 2, intemperance 2, marasmus 9, measles 14, mortification 1, old age 2, palsy 1, peripneumony 5, pneumonia typhodes 2, rupture 1, scirrhus of the liver 4, small pox 3sprue 1, still. born 4. teeth. ing 1, ulcer 1, unknown 1. ABRAHAM D. STEPHENS. City Inspector. AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. The subscriber s now publishing a weekly paper, called the AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL. A principal object in offering the proposed work to the Public, is to diffuse a more general knowledge of this important mode of internal communication, which, at this time, appears to engage the attention of almost every section of our country. THE AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL is printed on a sheet of the largest size, (mammoth) and put up in a conve nient form for binding, each number containing sixteen large octavo pages of three columns each. The selections, upon the sub ject of railroads and other works of internal improvement, will be from the best authors, both of Europe and America, and will be occasionally illustrated by engravings. A part of this Jour. nal will be devoted to the subject of internal improvement-giv. ing a history of the first introduction of railroads into England and their improvements to the present day. It will also notice the meetings, in lifferent sections of the country, upon the subject of railroads. The remaining part of the paper will contain the LITERARY, MISCELLANEOUS AND NEWS matter of the NEW-YORK AMERICAN, as prepared for that vaper, omitting all political subjects, except such as are of general concern. The terms of the American Railroad Journal are THREE dollars per annum, payable in advance; and will not be sent without. Any person who will obtain eight subscribers and re Smithfield Union.do RANGE OF THE THERMOMETER AND BAROMETER, mit the amount, shall have a copy gratis : and to companies of Chenango ......do MARRIED.-At St. Thomas Church, on Saturday evening State Bk, Newark. Morris Canal.....| Commercial.. Cumberland. .do People's ...do Do. Elizabeth...do Orange .........do Salem B. Co....... Monmouth..broke DEATHS. NEW-YORK AMERICAN, TRI-WEEKLY. The NEW-YORK AMERICAN is now published THREE TIMES A-WEEK, in addition to the Daily and Semi weekly, as usual. This arrangement is made to accommodate a large class of business-mer. in the country, who are desirous of see ing the advertisements of the day, yet are unwilling to encoun ter the expense of subscription and postage of a daily paper By this arrangement, it will easily be perceived, their wishes may be gratified, at one half the expense of a daily paper, as most of the advertisements, both of the Daily and Semi-weekly papers, will appear in the Tri-Weekly American; and the reading matter as published in the Daily paper. It will be issued on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at FIVE dollars per annuni in advance,--to subscribers out of the city of New-York, and forwarded, according to their order, and or any length of time. All letters relating to the TRI-WEEKLY AMERICAN may be addressed to the Publisher and part Proprietor, D. K. MINOR, No. 35 Wall-st. N. Y. The New-York American is published DAILY at $10. DIED.-On Tuesday morning, the 21st inst., Gilbert Hyslop, per annum, and SEMI-WEEKLY, at $4 per annum, in ad Newark B Co...do Sussex.........do N.J. Manuf. Co..do an old and respectable inhabitant of this city, in the 73d year of vance, as heretofore, at No. 35 Wallstreet, New-York. {do his age. Last evening, Feb. 24th, Malvina, third daughter of Charles TOWNSEND & DURFEE, Rope Manufactu Rhind, Esq. TETS, having machinery for making ropes to any required length Saturday morning, 25th inst., in the 61st year of his age, Fre- (without splice), offer to supply fuil length Repes for the in.....1 derick Babcock, Esqr. ..do clined plaies on Rail-reads at the shortest notice, and deliver Last night at Brooklyn, 24th inst in the 64th year of his age, them in the City of New-York, if requested. As to the quality Thomas Warren, Esq. formerly of Nottingham, England, and of the Rope, the public are referred to J. B Jervis, Eng. M. & ..do for many years a respectable Merchant of this city. & Delaware Canal & R. R. Co., Carbondale, Luzerne County, H. R. R. Co., Albany; or James Archibald, Engineer Hudson Pennsylvania. ..do On Friday, the 24th inst., of consumption, Mr. Alfred White, .do in the 26th year of his age. Farmrs, Reading.do Germantown....de | Chambersburg..do .1 PASSENGERS: .5 In the packet ship John Jay, sailed on Friday, for Liverpool:| Admiral Griffith, Major Leonard, late of the 104th Regiment, British Army; Samuel Staniforth, and H W Goff. Per the ship Huntsville, sailed yesterday for New-Orleans :Mrs. Purdon, Miss Purdon, Messrs. Destounet, Robinson, and Tieglee. S Per ship Cambria, from London-Dr W B Painter, Mrs Painter, Miss A C Painter, Master Painter, Mr John McDou gall, lady, child and servant, Mrs SHC Tremayne, Dr R N Starr, Mr James A Jones, and 50 in the steerage. Per ship Cincinnati, from New Orleans-G Patten, J Lauring, A Lausant, K E Bartan. Per ship Statira, from Savannah--H Macomb, of US Army; WC Woolsey, BP Stiles, Wm Chapman, Robert and Wm At kins, 8 McAllister, and Master Whaley. Tuesday morning, 21st inst. Archibald Campbell, in the 75th On Monday afternoon, 20th inst. after a lingering illness, Mrs. Very suddenly, on Wednesday evening, 22d instant, Charles) On Sunday last, 26th inst. Josephine, the daughter of the late On Saturday evening, Feb. 25, Margaret Eliza, daughter of PATENT, RAIL-ROAD, SHIP AND BOAT SPIKES. THE TROY IRON & NAIL FACTORY keep constantly for sale a very extensive assortment of Wrought Spikes & Nails, from 8 to 10 inches, manufactured by the subscriber's Patent Machinery, which after five years successful operation and now almost universal use in the United States (as well as England, where the subscriber obtained a Patent;) are found snperior to any ever offered in market. RAIL-ROAD COMPANIES MAY BE SUPPLIED WITH SPIKES having countersink heads suitable to the holes in the iron rails, to any amount and on short notice. Almost all the with Spikes made at the above named factory-for which purRail roads now in progress in the United States are fastened pose they are found invaluable, as their adhesion is more than double any common spikes made by the hammer. All orders directed to the Agent, Troy, N. Y., will be HENRY BURDEN, Agent. punctually attended to. Troy, N. Y., July, 1831. Feb. 28th, of consumption, Margaret, wife of Geo. C. Mans Townsond, Albany, and the principal Iron Merchants in Albany Per ship Calhoun, from Charleston-Miss Mary Ketchum, Ffield, aged 39 years. WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS. The City Inspector reports the death of 121 persens during the Spikes are kept for sale, at factory prices, by 1. & J. and Troy; J. I. Brower, 922 Water street, New-York; A. M. Jones, Philadelphia; T. Janviers, Baltimore; Degrand & Smith, Boston. P.S. Railroad Companies would do well to forward their orIn the ship Louisville, from New Orleans:-Mr Price, of week ending on Saturday last, viz. :-31 men, 17 women, 41ders as early as practical, as the subscriber is desirous of exBrooklyn; Messrs Myer, Levy, and IJ Haines, of New-York; E boys, and 32 girls-Of whom 25 were of the age of 1 year and tending the manufacturing so as to keep pace with the daily inLaudun, and G Babcock, of New-Orleans; C Moore, of New-under, 18 between 1 and 2, 20 between 2 and 5, 9 between 5 and creasing demand for his Spikes, Jersey, and 6 in the steerage. 10, 1 between 10 and 20, 15 between 20 and 30, 9 between 30 and J23 lam t H. BURDEN. CONTENTS. RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, MARCH 10, 1832. VOLUME I....NO. 11. route for the proposed Susquehannah and Delaware falo, they made all level and fair railing direct to NEW-YORK AMERICAN Rail road, from Pittston on the Susquehannah, their own doors." Editorial Notices.........161 Literary Notices.. .161 Transportation on the Bal timore Rail-road.. .165 Port Kent and Ansable Rail roid .165 On the Introduction of Peri Mr. Webster's Speech at 166 through the centre of the Lackawannock coal for.) The editor of that Journal is as wide of the mark Washington City .......168 mation, in Luzerne, and extending through parts when he insinuates that we have "manifested" for Foreign Intelligence......170 of Pike and Northampton counties, Pa. to Dela, the southern Rail-road "a regard" or "affection," Home Affairs-Appropriaware river, at the Water Gap: with an estimate of other than is warranted by the relative wants and its cost, by Ephraim Beach, Esq. Civil Engineer. claims of the different sections of the state, as well It also contains much other useful information upon as the convenience of the public at large, as he is in the subject of Rail-roads and the coal region of the title of our Journal. He will find by referring Pennsylvania. to our columns, that it is as much an Ohio, a Caro ...172 tions for Fortification, Ap- odicals into Schools......165 Postscript... 173 .174 ...176 AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, MARCH 10, 1832. We have also before us a pamphlet giving a brief lina, a Virginia, or an Illinois, as it is a "New York" view of the rise, progress, present condition, and Rail-road Journal. Ho will find in its columns, as 176 future prospects of the system of internal improve-well as in its prospectus and title, as we trust he ment in Pennsylvania, which cannot fail to be in. will in its future couree, that it is an AMERICAN Railteresting, and we shall publish, from time to time, road Journal; devoted rather to the cause than to as wo may have space, most of the contents of both. any particular enterprize. We have intended for some time past to refer aIf we have at any time spoken more favorably of The communication of "New York" is certainly gain to the South Carolina Rail-road, together with the southern than the northern route, it was because entitled to the attention of our Legislature. It is a project which has been for some time in agitation we know from our own observation the great dif clearly shown by him that a Rail-road could not be of a continuation of that road into East Tennessee, ference in the facilities for business possessed by the completed if commenced immediately, before the and if possible, to the junction of the Ohio with the northern over the southern route, and how well Canal debt will have been liquidated, and in that he Mississippi, in order to divert a part of the business those facilities have been improved. It matters is borne out by Mr. Maynard of the Senate, from of that country to Charleston, from whence a line little to us which route shall be adopted, if it only whose speech we take the following extract: of packets is to be established to Europe-but other be that which will accommodate the increasing bu Mr. M. said the Ohio Canal would be completed early in the summer, and the Canal Commissioners of that State thought i matters have prevented. We hope however, to be siness, and most effectually develop the resources would be navagable in June, as only 51 miles of the main trunk able to do se'in our next. of the country-whichever may be decided upon, required to be completed. From the fact that the completion ol will, of course, terminate in, or its benefits be felt these works would open a much more extended region to the ac tion of our canals; and also such a wide field to extensive trans. by, this city. New-York will, therefore, be most benefitted by the adoption of that route which will accommodate the greatest amount of business, in the shortest time, at least expense; and thus far only are we interested in the location of a Rail-road from Lake Erie to the Hudson, or to New-York. We have received the Act incorporating the Inportation in Ohio, where there had heretofore been no such lacidiana Rail-road company. The road to commence lities, there would be a great increase of the canal fund from that The ensuing year there would also be received $50,000 at Madison on the Ohio River and pass through Inmore than last year, for interest on the canal funds on hand; and the increase of $1,250,000 next year, would make the receipts dianapolis to Lafayette-we give the 20th section for interest still greater than the ensuing year. And assuming of the act, which is very liberal: that the increase would be at that rate, the account would stand on the 1st January, 1836, as follows: Sec. 20. The corporation shall commence the $2,651,000 construction of said road at Madison, any time with1,249,000 in three years, and from time to time construct so Can the Editor of the Buffalo Journal say as much? 1,600,000 much thereof towards the point of destination as We should be very unwilling to believe that he 1,800,000 may be within the ability and to the interest of the would allow self-interest to have so great an influ$8,700.000 company: Provided, that the part of said road The Erie & Champlain Canal debt was about $7,000,000; but which lies between Madison and Indianapolis shall ence, as to induce him to suspect the motives of there was another debt, 16r which the tolls were not pledged, of be completed within ten years after its commence. those who entertain views different from his; and this estimate, a fund sufficient to pay the whole debt and leavement, and that part which lies between Indianapo- it would be uncivil in us to suspect him of an inlis and Lafayette within five years thereafter; Pro- clination to "bite his thumbs at" the whole southern Why then burthen this enterprize of individuals vided, that if the road should not be completed with- tier of counties of this State,-to say nothing of in the time aforesaid, the General Assembly may, the convenience of those living west of Lake Erie, with double duties? This is not the true policy of for good cause shewn, give further time to complete the state: it should rather aid, than obstruct, works the same. who will pay tribute to the State of N. York, if she of such magnitude: and if the state at large is un. provides for them the cheapest and most direct route willing to allow individuals to have the control of to market,-as such a suspicion would naturally lead the work, let it be, as the Canal was, constructed by us to believe that he is willing to sacrifice the interthe state. Although we doubt its policy in doing road Journal, at its commencement manifested a est of a large majority of the business community to so, yet we have no hesitation to say it would be bet-most loving regard and affection for the projected accommodate those whose interests are identified ter so than that the measure should be defeated, as Rail.road through the southern tier of counties, with his, and who have long enjoyed all the advanit surely will be if the friends of the Canal load it from Lake Erie to the Hudson. This was all very tages of the Erie Canal. But such, we are sure, cannatural, for gentlemen cits have little skill in the not be the facts, and we therefore attribute his partialivexatious undulations in the country. They saw by a the map that this route was nearest, and so biting ty to the northern route to his letter knowledge of the their thumbs at Albany, Utica, Rochester and Buf-country, and the conveniences of their harbor; for with double tolls. We are indebted to W. W. Drinker. Esq. for pamphlet containing a report on the survey of a We take the following extract from the Buffalo "SOUTHERN RAIL-ROAD.-The New York Rail. living as we do at the extreme south east, and in the sacrifices may attend efforts of internal improve-tending from thence, in a south easterly direction, city of New York, where the inhabitants, according ments prompted by the best of motives. Your Jour. 39 miles to the Susquehanna river. This report was to the intimation of the intelligent editor of the Journal is calculated by the early and correct information printed by order of the Assembly of this State, February 8, 1832: nal, have "little skill in the vexatious undulations," it affords to arrest in the outset visionary and im"The route pursues the valley of the Cobleskill we can hardly be supposed to have as good a know. practicable undertakings. and Schenevus creek through a wealthy and highly ledge of the country as that gentleman, who lives Locomotive carriages are as yet a new invention, improved agricultural district, embracing several at the extreme north west; and it was probably very and in the short period which has transpired since flourishing villages; the valley deep and unbroken, natural for us, on looking at the map and observing their introduction, important principles never before extending from the Schoharie creek to the Susquehanna river, a distance of 39 miles. The distance that a direct route from the Lake, (where the ice does conceived of have been disclosed. Experiments no from the summit dividing the waters of Cobleskill not obstruct the navigation so long by three to five doubt will disclose others equally as important. The and Schenevus creeks to the Susquehanna is about weeks in the year) through the southern tier of coun. earliest and best information of new discoveries and 21 miles, and the elevation to be overcome 390 feet; and from the favorable circumstance of the ties, (where there has been no public works construct. improvements, so expressed that common sense may ground, the whole may be thrown into an averaged ed to enable the inhabitants to get to market with comprehend, and the results of actual experiments grade of 18 1-2 feet per mile. From the summit the produce of their soil--no millions of money scat and careful deductions of principles from facts, can- down the Cobleskill to the line of the Canajoharie and Cattskill Rail-road is 18 miles, and the descent tered by the state among its industrious inhabitants not but be attended with incalculable benefits. 858 feet, which can be thrown into an averaged to aid in developing the resources of their country,) It is laid down in one of the numbers of your grade of 47 2-3 feet per mile; but with a view of was nearer to market than by a circuitous route thro' Journal, that the expense of transportation on a better adapting the grade to the circumstances of the that section of the country where the Editor of the Rail-way is in direct proportion to the quantity of ground, and the improvements of the country, it may Journal lives, and where these advantages are, and power applied; and also, that all ascents, whatever be advisable to divide it into two grades, and upon have long been enjoyed. may be the length of the planes, will be attended the first six miles descend 83 feet per mile; thus overcoming 498 feet; the residue being divided upon In looking over the list of applications for Rail with an expense of power in direct proportion to the remaining twelve miles, would make an averag. roads, that through the southern tier of counties their heights; and that double the elevation in all ed grade of 30 feet per mile. Upon the ascending struck us forcibly as being peculiarly entitled to the cases, requires double the expense of power. And grade of 18 1-2 feet per inile, (like that from the favorable consideration of our Legislature, and so in one of Col. Long's tables, illustrating the compa-comotive engine. of four tons weight will draw a mouth of the Schenevus creek to the summit,) a lo. we expressed ourselves, without in the least dispararative expense of transportation on horizontal and train of carriages weighing, with their loads, 35 1-2 ging or depreciating the merits of any other Road inclined Rail-roads, two degrees' elovation is esti- tons; allow for weight of carriages 10 tons, and that might be applied for; and for this offence--amated eight times as expensive as a level; and the there remains for transportation of commodities 25 mere expression of opinion-we are accused of "bi- expense attending an elevation of three degrees and 1-2 tons, ascending in the elevation of the greatest grade. Whereas upon a grade of 47 2-3 feet por ting our thumbs at Albany, Utica, Rochester and ten minutes, (not an uncommon elevation on turu- mile, (like that in the opposite direction,) the same Buffalo," and this was "all very natural because gen- pikes,) is increased twelve times; or twelve times engine will draw 19 3.4 tons; allow as before 10 tlemen cits have little skill in the vexatious undula. the power is required for the purposes of transporta. tons for weight of cars, leaves 9 3.4 tons for transtions of the country." With regard to our "skill tion that is required on a level. A good deal of fami. portation of commodities, which is nearly 2.5 as much as the descending load, and a much greater in the vexatious undulations of the country," we liarity with the principles of locomotives is necessaproportion than can reasonably be anticipated for certainly do not mean to boast, although we might ry to enable us to realize that it is not better to en. the ascending trade. Upon an ascent of 30 feet per perhaps compare notes with that gentleman with counter so smal! an elevation for so short a distance, mile, the same engine will draw 25 3.4 tons; allow out 'fear of results, especially as to the state of New rather than wind around twelve miles to reach a 10 tons for weight of cars, leaves 15 3-4 tons for York, for, in addition to a residence of many years point which may be reached by a single mile. Ought transportation, &c.; and two engines of the same in the interior, at several different places, business not abundant scope be given to our Rail-road char. capacity will propel the same load up the ascent of 83 has called the writer of this to almost every village choosing the best routes? ters, that engineers may not be precluded from feet per mile; the grade being calculated to ineot Those entrusted with the such emergency. And as th Sending trade will ions may ocin the state north and west of this city having a post framing of charters in the Legislature should look probably be the most fluctuating, office, and to many of them several times, by which to this. It is apparent, then, that distance may not cur when it will be necessary to put much heavier it may fairly be presumed that he knows something be the most important consideration in the location loads upon the ascending train then the regular proof a Rail-way. portion of trade, which farnishes additional arguof the face of the country as well as the wants of For all practical purposes, the quantity of steam ment in favor of changing the grade on the Coble. its inhabitants, although he may not be as compe- required, and not the number of miles, will best de- skill division; in which case, horse power may con. tent as that gentleman to judge of the relative termine how far you are from the place of destina. veniently be employed to aid their ascent up the six merits of the two routes, es he has no interest tion. It is, therefore, of prime importance to ascer. miles of steep grades; or extra locomotives engines tain the face of the country; the elevations and de. may be employed upon the plan adopted at the Rain either pecuniary or political to subserve. pressions on every Rail-road route that may be pro- Hill and Sutton Plains, upon the Liverpool and a CLINTON. Our views upon the subject of important public posed. Many of those who have interested them- Manchester Rail-road." improvements are, that the public--that is the selves in this subject, impressed with the importance I have extracted from the report the above, drawn greatest number of inhabitants, and the greatest of exact topographical knowledge, have employed from experiments, showing the effect of a given amount of business-should be accommodated; and engineers in almost every considerable section of our power in overcoming different degrees of elevation; country. Summaries of the results of their labors, and also illustrating the importance of taking into not that this or that man, or place, should be bene with many of their accompanying remarks, would consideration the course of trade in the construction fitted. And we also hold, that it is the duty of le add to the usefulness of your Journal. Among the of Rail-roads. gislators to look to the interest of all, and not to multitude of Rail-roads in contemplation in almost part only, of the people. We do not believe that every direction, these surveys would materially lead [FOR THE RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL.] to the best routes, and such as, without this knowMr. Editor, In a former communication, which the possession of one great thoroughfare for trade ledge, would not in all probability ever have been and travel, entitles its possessors also to every other thought of. Such as on the map would appear ex. you had the goodness to publish in the 9th number public improvement which may be in contempla travagantly circuitous, still might afford planes of the Rail-road Journal, I pointed out some of the tion. With these views, and a knowledge of the which for every purpose of travel and transportation prominent objections to the bill reported in the Sewould be altogether the nearest and best. immense advantages which have for years been enYour valuable paper should contain a compressed nate of New York, to incorporate the Hudson and joyed, and the wealth which has resulted from them record of all surveys made by competent engineers. Erie Rail-road Company. When writing that com. on the route of the Erie Canal, we did not appre. The surveys made for the great State Road by order munication I did not suppose any person, however hend that we should be accused of "biting our of the Legislature, contain a body of useful topogra- opposed to the project, would think it any object to thumbs" at any one, in the expression of our hophical information, obtained at great expense, but attempt an increase of its burthens. But recent disThe productiveness of the country through which cussion in the Senate has shown there are members a read is to pass, is another consideration that should in that body who propose and advocate, that in adnot be lost sight of; for from its borders will be de- dition to paying the canal the same amount of toll rived much of its income. This is strikingly exem. plified by some of our canals that have been conon all freight that may be carried on the Rail-road, structed through sections of our country which are it shall also be charged with the tolls that accrue on comparatively unproductive, constructed mainly with passengers. Should the bill pass with only the re a view of reaching the coal beds for instance. If strictions originally reported by the committee, it is therefore, two routes are presented, and one is two, very doubtful if the stock would be filled in such a three or four times as long as the other, it is by no nest convictions. However, since our motives have been questioned, we will again refer to the subject, and give more at length our views and our reasons, which we are sure will correspond with the views of a vast majority of the intelligent, can did, and unbiassed members of the business com. munity. [Subject to be continued.] still weith all its cost. means certain that it is not the preferable one-sci- manner as to ensure the construction of the work, [FOR THE RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL.] ence and skill must determine the question. I mean and the additional imposition can be viewed by no MR. EDITOR: I have been much gratified both with preferable for the stockholders and the community rational man as any thing short of entire defeat.the manner and matter of your journal thus far both. But to avoid occupying too much of your The language that has been generally and I believe When the spirit of Rail-road speculation is so uni. valuable paper, I will close with an extract from Major Beach's report of a survey recently completed, uniformly held by the managers of the canal is, that versally prevalent, it is highly important that correct commencing on the line of the Canajoharie and the passenger, business in itself considered, has been information should accompany it, otherwise ruinous Catskill Rail-road, fifty miles from Catskill, and ex- more injury than benefit. This arises from the grea as to loosen the earth and force it to the bottom of attempted to correct the evil by the imposition of the wants of the great thoroughfare on it, and near ter speed of passenger boats creating a heavy wave certainly not. The spirit that held the reins of go-to New York. The error consists in laying down that acts with so much force on the face of the banks vernment in those days when the canal system was his assumed route to New York, without stating matured and executed, seems to have departed: and the fact, that a much shorter and more efficient Railthe State of New-York, after showing to the Union the canal, thereby producing the double injury of re- with what superior strides she could inarch on the way track between New York and Ohio is not only ducing the proper dimensions of the towing path, road of improvement, appears to have been exhaust. projected but already commenced. I allude to the and filling the bottom of the canal with its deposit, ed by her efforts, and fallen into a state of apathy; Paterson Rail-road, which will doubtless be extended greatly to the inconvenience of the freight business. while her example has stimulated her neighbors to through New Jersey by the route recommend. The latter evil has acquired such magnitude that even transcend her earlier enterprize. The State, boats of burthen are not able to carry more than hat a few years since could put forth her own handed by your correspondent at Easton, in his letter three fourths the freight they could take with the and conduct the noblest enterprize of the age, is on the 3d instant, in which he makes the distanco same ease, if the section of the canal was maintained now unwilling to permit her citizens to take the la. from New York, through New Jersey, to the coal to its original dimensions. In looking over the re boring oar and perfect what she so nobly began. I mines on the Lackawannock, to be 130 miles; from ports of the Canal Commissioners I find they have say perfect, because the canal does not fully meet thence to Owego, on the Susquehannah river is 50 heavier tolls on passenger, boats, which have had the its route. In good condition, it will afford the means niles, and by the route of the Rail-road throught effect in some instances to drive them from the canal. of as cheap, and, it is believed, cheaper transporta- the southern counties of this State, near the PennBut it was found necessary to reduce the high tolls tion for low velocities, than any other; at the same sylvania line, and crossing the same to the Ohio so as to permit these boats to run on the great tho- time her passenger-boats cannot much, if any, ex-Canal, at Massillon, would not exceed 260 m.les--roughfare of travelling, in order to afford this kind ceed four miles per hour,-a rate of travelling that making, with the foregoing distance, 440 miles from of accommodation to the public, while at the same would not be submitted to by men of business, if New York to the Ohio Canal-and only two statime it was considered an unprofitable business to they had even good turnpike roads on which to tionary engines will be required on the whole of th.s the canal. There is another concession made by the travel. The Rail-road would supply the means of route, the remainder being practicable for locomo freighting to the passenger business in the preference conveying passengers and goods requiring expeditives, the whole distance, instead of being impeded it is found necessary to give passenger boats in pass- tion; and I presuine no one will question the im- by a change from Rail-way to Canal and back to ing locks. This is generally considered a hard-portance, to an enterprizing community; of the Rail-way, as the Pennsylvania route will require. ship, and during the seasons of pressure is a serious greatest attainable facility of intercourse. In a bu The New York route has been surveyed the whole inconvenience to the former. If it is now felt to be siness point of view, it is highly so; and, political- distance by Mr. Clinton, and found favorable-and an evil, what an impediment must it be after a few ly, it is not less important to extend the means of it must be evdidently a more advantageous route and years shall have doubled the amount of the present easy intercommunication among a people who hold passed with much less time than any other route that business? There can be no doubt that in refer- the reins of government in their own hands. combines Canals and Rail.roads." ence to passengers a Rail-road would be a great ben- In addition to the ordinary interest the commu. I have not the least doubt, therefore, that, as you efit to the canal in point of revenue, by reducing the nity have in the projected improvement, as affording say the "City of New York may hold its own," in this expense of repairs, and increasing the facilities for an increased facility in conducting their business noble competition for the trade of the West, and that freighting business, from which the principal part of operations, they have a deep interest in establishing, its vast natural advantages will ensure it at all times the tolls are received. By avoiding the inconveni- to its utmost extent, this route as the grand tho- a very large proportion of the commerce of the westence caused by the passenger boats, as noticed above roughfare for an extensive district of country be- ern states, and more so from the causes that you asin filling the bottom with sediment and interrupting yond the limits of the State. To show the value sign in remarks on the Pennsylvania and Ohio road their progress at the locks, the boats of burthen of this interest, we have only to look to the bold in your last paper. March 5th, 1832. C. Ín our last, we gave a list of Rail-road companies incorporated by the Legislature of Ohio, at their late session; and we now give, as far as we have been able to trace on the map, the routes which the roads are to pursue. would be able to carry a greater freight, in and vigorous efforts of our neighbors, who, from It remains for the State of New York, and its less time, at less proportionate expense, and con- our example, have become thoroughly awake to the merchants, and capitalists, and the agricultural insequently will increase the importance of the canal importance of securing to themselves, not only what terest, to be on the alert in these stirring times' and in its general benefits to the community. It is they had lost, but even a greater portion of the to lose nothing by supineness or neglect abundantly evident that both the canal revenue and Western trade than they formerly possessed. That the community interested in its navigation wil! be this trade is important to our Atlantic cities, and to benefitted by substituting a Rail-road for the accom-the district of country that has the benefit of posmodation of its passenger business. sessing the thoroughfare through which it must pass, I had indulged the hope that at least some portion is self.evident. of the burthen as originally reported in the bill would There is no reasonable doubt the interest of the have been taken off, and the community be allowed State calls for an immediate commencement of the to look forward to the early completion of this im- proposed work; and in view of the loss of nearly portant project. It appears, however, that instead or quite one year, which will be unavoidable, to or. of reducing the load under which the bill now stag-ganize for so important a work, it is greatly to be The Richmond, Easton, and Miami Rail-road is, gers, the friends of the measure are called on to de. regretted that one year more must be lost before we believe, to commence at Dayton at the head of fend it from further impositions: a defence which legislative authority can be obtained. But the arms the Miami Canal, and pass through Eaton, in Prewill probably be of little utility, further than it will of Morpheus appear to be so firmly entwined around tend to awaken inquiry, and thereby produce at the energies of the State, that we can hardly expect ble County, to Richmond, in Indiana. some future day a more correct view of the utility and anything that will even encourage the hope that The Mad River Rail-road is to commence at, or importance of the work; for though they should suc- any important step will be taken the ensuing sea- near Sandusky, on the Lake, and pass through Finceed in sustaining the original bill, it is, to say the soa, except it be to so call public attention to the ley, Hardin, Bellefontaine, Urbana, and Springfield, least, very doubtful whether the capital that will be project, as will arouse the slumbering energies of required for so great a work can be obtained on the New.York, and bring them to act with a decision to Dayton; there to connect with the Miami Canal, conditions it imposes. The interest of the commu- and vigor that will comport with her character in to Cincinnati. This road will pass through some of nity should be protected in every point, and nothing days that have gone by. Our rival neighbors may the best parts of the state, and will doubtless add further granted than will just afford the capitalist flatter themselves the day is far distant when we greatly to its prosperity. an inducemeat to embark with the energy required shall take further steps to secure the advantages The Erie and Ohio Rail-road will pass from the for so great an enterprize; and this must be granted which the hand of Nature has so liberally tempted or the object is defeated. It may be said the stock us to improve: but in this they will be mistaken.-Lake, at Ashtabula, or Fairport, through Warren, will be taken even with the restrictions proposed; The sleep that now hangs upon her eyelids will be to Wellsville, on the Ohio River, a distance of about and it is admitted that it may be; but who that has cast off, and, like herself, our State will again move ninety miles, and perhaps the shortest route by which observed the history of stocks of this character, does forward in the march of improvement with her ac. not know that to subscribe for stock is a different customed intelligence and vigor. The project under the two can be connected. thing from paying instalments after a year or two, consideration is a great and highly important one, The Pennsylvania and Ohio Rail-road is designed when some money has been invested and much more and, to give any reasonable assurance of comple- to open an easy communication from the Ohio Canal to be called for before any return in the shape of tion, must be rightly begun. Though the present at Massillon with Pittsburgh, passing through the dividend may be expected. The stock may be sub- Legislature will not probably authorize the work, it scribed to sell out on speculation, but the capital can hardly be doubted the next will pass such an act Valley of the Little Beaver River to the Ohio; hy will never be paid in unless there is held out in the of incorporation as will secure to the State the ad. which it is hoped to divert, to Philadelphia much of charter a reasonable prospect of remuneration-and vantages of the proposed improvement. the trade which would otherwise go to New-York. for so great a work the prospect must be decidedThe Chillicothe and Lebanon Rail-road will open no equivocal considerations will meet the wants of the case. To the Editor of the Rail-road Journal: a communication from Chillicothe through HillsboIn my former communication, it clearly appears In your Journal of the 3d of March, containing rough, Wilmington, and Lebanon, probably to the there is no danger of the Rail-road interfering with a list of the Ohio Rail-roads, from the Steubenville Miami Canal. the Canal debt, as that will be liquidated before the February, 1829. NEW-YORK. road can, to any important extent, be put in opera-paper, is given the distances on the contemplated 16 The Cincinnati, Harrison, and Indianapolis Rail tion, and years before the entire work can be com- Pennsylvania and Ohio Rail-road" from the Ohio road will open an easy communication from Cincinpleted. In what light, then, do the people of the Canal at Massillon, (a town said to be forty miles nati through Harrison and Brookville, in Indiana, State of New-York stand in reference to this pro south of Lake Erie,) to Pittsburg, and thence by to the seat of government in that state, there to conject? The obvious answer is, that having made a canal which is a good thing-they are unwilling Canals and Rail-road to Philadelphia; the total dissect with the Madison, Indianapolis and Lafayette to make a Rail-road, from the apprehension that it tance is put down at 440 miles, whieh may be cor- Rail-road, recently incorporated by the Legislature may be a better thing to effect the same object, and rect, but an erroneous impression is produced by the of Indiana. will therefore supersede its usefulness, by affording next paragraph, which makes the distance to the ei. The Franklin, Springborough and Wilmington the community greater advantages. While the ap prehension for the canal is perfectly groundless, it ty of New York from Massillon to be 700 miles, Rail-road is nearly a parallel road to the Chilicothe may be asked, would this method of ealculation (but varying the route cireuitously) by way of Cleve- and Lebanon Rail-road; which we should suppose ever have brought our canals into existence? Most land, Buffalo, the Erie Canal to Albany, and thence would be made to intersect at Lebanon, and thereby At length, the noble example set by the state of ensure the construction of one good one, rather than early attracted the attention of enlightened men in the colony of Pennsylvania. The American Philo. New York, in the Erie and Hudson Canal, aroused defeat the whole. sophical Society in 1769 and 1770, appointed com- the energies of our citizens, which had been so long, The Milan and Newark Rail-road is designed to mittees to explore and survey the country between as far as regarded canals, entirely torpid. Zealous open a direct communication from the Ohio Canal the Delaware and the Chesapeake-and the Legisla- efforts were successfully made to revive the Chesaat Newark, in Licking county, with Lake Erie, pas-ture ordered similar explorations some time later, of peake and Delaware Canal Company. Liberal subsing through Knox, Richmond and Huron counties the country between the Delaware and the Susque scriptions were raised among our citizens in the hanna, with a view to opening an artificial commu- course of a few weeks, and in the year 1822, to the -probably to the mouth of Huron river. This road nication between.. Bat the formidable nature of amount of 425,000 dollars. The state of Pennsylva will pass through a beautiful section of country, and these great undertakings-their novelty in this coup. nia subscribed 100,000 dollars, (a bonus of the Phiwill run nearly parallel to and not far from the Milan try-and, still more, the intervention of the revolu. ladelphia Benk for a renewal of its charter)—the and Columbus Rail-road, as we infer from the title-tionary war, prevented the adoption at that period, state of Maryland, 50,000 dollars-the state of Defrom which indeed we have traced the course of of any effectual measures for the attainment of those laware, 25,000—and the United States 300,000 dolinestimable improvements. lars. Operations were in consequence begun, unmost of these roads, not having received the diffeAt length, in the year 1790, a number of publie der the acts of incorporation which, as I have stated, spirited citizens, among whom Robert Morris, (the had been procured from the states of Pennsylvania, rent acts by which they are chartered. The last mentioned road from Columbus to Milan, financier of the United States, to whom the nation Maryland, and Delaware, through which the canal was so largely indebted for procuring the ways and was to run. The first spado was put into the earth and the Columbus, Delaware, Marion and Sandusky means in "times that tried men's souls.") David Rit. on the 15th of April, 1824, and the magnificent Rail-road, will pass through that section of country tenhouse, Samuel Meredith, Walter Stewart, Ben- work was completed on the 17th of October, 1829. included between the Rail-road from Newark to jamin R. Morgan, William Bingham, Rev. Dr.Smith, The expense was 2,201,864 dollars; or about 158,Lake Erie and the Mad river Rail-road, passing John Nicholson, Robert Hare, Levi Hollingsworth, 000 dollars a mile. It is 14 miles long-60 feet through Urbana, in Champaign county to Sandus. Jonathan Bayard Sinith, Jeremiah Parker, and Jas. wide at the top-45 at the bottom-10 feet deep; is C. Fisher, took the lead,, entered with zeal on the calculates for sloop navigation; and passes the craft ky; which can in no place exceed seventy miles in business of internal improvement; and in 1791, pro. that ply in the Chesapeake Bay, and in the Delacured charters for two companies, one to construct ware River. It has been so faithfully constructed, There were several other charters granted for a canal from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and the that the navigation has not been suspended a single other to construct one from the latter river to the day by the necessity of making repairs. Since June Rail-roads, but they are of less importance. Susquehanna. 4, 1830, 5251 vessels, of various sizes, have passed Considerable difficulty and delay occurred in pro. through. The spirit of internal improvement spread graducuring acts of incorporation for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal company, as they depended on ally, and in the fall of 1824, a society for the pro three states, between which some jealousies existed motion of that object was formed in the city of Phion the subject. But at length Maryland pussed an act ladelphia, by about fifty citizens, who subscribed for the purpose, December 13th, 1799; Delaware, one hundred dollars each, and received donations of January 28th, 1801; and Pennsylvania, February some hundreds of dollars from coal companies and liberal individuals. They employed Mr. Strickland 19th, same year. to visit Europe, to investigate the subject of Rail. roads and Canals, and to procure the best infornaThese magnificent projects, worthy of the influ tion respecting both modes of transportation, in-orential citizens by whom they were conceived and der that we might avail ourselves of the experience advocated, and of the powerful state by which they and improvements of foreign nations. Mr. Strickwere to be carried into operation, were defeated part- land performed his tour of duty with fidelity, and ly by the want of public spirit among our capitalists, sent and brought over a great mass of most imporbut chiefly by the vile spirit of speculation, one of tant information on both the objects to which his the greatest curses that can befall a nation. They attention had been directed. HAMILTON. [From a brief view of the origin, progress, present condition were ushered to the public subsequently to the organ. Philad. May 22d, 1831. and future prospects of the system of internal improvement ization of the Federal Government, not long after in Pennsylvania-by Mathew Carey.] breadth. It is much to be regretted that so many projects should be seriously agitated. Rail.roads, like all other public works of magnitude, require large in vestments of capital, which, in this country, can not be obtained unless there is a prospect of realizing a fair interest upon the investment. This may be anticipated from the more important routes, but certainly not from all which are enumerated in the above list, and to abandon two or three, after the expenditure of a part of the estimated cost, will do more injury to this system of internal improvement than the delay, for a time, of three fourths of the number applied for. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. vale-wind round every hill-and bind the whole country in one bond of social intercourse."-[Fulton's Letter to Governor Philadelphia, May 20th, 1831. NO. 2. HAMILTON. "The original estimate of the board of engi .6 the enormous speculations that had taken place in * Joshua Gilpin, Esq. one of the early and printhe public securities; in the stock of the Bauk of cipal advocates of this project, who devoted a large ing to several of the States and to the United States. great expense in its promotion, deserves great credit the United States; and in the public lands belong- portion of his time and attention to it, and incurred By the two first, princely fortunes were realized by for preventing the extinction of the charters, by most of those who had engaged in them; and by the calling annual meetings pro forma, and renewing Attempts are being made in some of the country last, equally large fortunes were anticipated. It was the board of managers during the whole of this papers to depreciate our state system of internal im- absurdly believed, that canal stock would rise in the period. provement, and to bring it into disfavor with the same mannner as the other stocks had done, and + The United States subsequently subscribed 150,public, on account of the large sums expended, the that of course it would afford an opportunity of ma-000 dollars additional. heavy debt incurred, and the taxes lately imposed to king money. Hence there was as great a struggle complete it. The same means are used to disparage for an opportunity to subscribe, as we have recently those citizens who took an active part in promoting witnessed in the case of Rail-road stock. In conse-neers, was 1,354,364 dollars, and the actual cost and insuring its success. Death, which has depriv-quence, a large portion of the shares were subscribed 2.201,864 dollars, making an increased expense of ed us of Dr. Lehman,-the unwearied and success. for by persons who not only never contemplated, but 64 per cent," which," say the directors, "probably ful advocate of the system,-one of the most faith. were wholly unable, to pay up the remaining instal. falls within the average of what works of this kind A considerable por. ful representatives ever sent by Philadelphia to the ments. Their object was to sell out inmediately, at have exceeded the estimate. was caused by the legislature has not sheltered him from pointed cen. whatever advance might take place, But they were tion of this excess," they add, grievously disappointed. There were no purchas. enlargement and depth of the canal; by the inIt is due to this great cause, and to its advocates ers; so that, far from making money, they forfeited creased size and strength of the embankments and and supporters to place it fairly before the public, their first instalments. Attempts were made to enforce stone walls; by the more substantial and perfect on the ground of its intrinsic merits, without exag- the payment of the remaining instalments, from those construction of the summit bridge; and by the ingeration or undue coloring, (which its defenders who were able to pay. Partial success attended this creased dimensions and improvement of many very may scorn, relying on plain, undeniable facts,) in proceeding. But it was at length abandoned, and the important portions of the work. To these may be order to enable our citizens to appreciate it correct. project of internal improvement was defeated, so far added the expenses and losses occasioned by an inly, and to decide on the justice and propriety of the as regarded the communication betwen the De. junction of the chancellor of Delaware, and the cost attacks to which it has been exposed;-how far the laware and the Schuylkill, and between the latter of securing additioual supplies of water on the sumexpense has been justified;—and how far its ulti and the Susquehanna, mit, by the purchase of two water powers.-[Report mate advantages are likely to compensate for that These Companies were kept alive by Charles Pales- of 1820.] ki, by convening meetings of the members, and hav. In pursuance of these objects, I shall present a ing officers and managers appointed, until the year Liverpool and Manchester Rail-way.-It appears brief view of its rise and progress-its present situa- 1821, when, by an Act of the legislature, they were from the following statement, taken from the report tion-and its future prospects. The last are to be united under the title of the Union Canal Company, just printed and circulated amongst the proprietors deduced from the results of similar undertakings, which lingered in a state of comparative inactivity of the Liverpool and Manchester Rail-way, that the principally of the Erie and Hudson canal. for some years; but at length, after encountering trade and revenue are increasing very rapidly: sure. expense. This is an investigation in which the great mass various difficulties and discouragements, the Union Tons of Goods. of our citizens are deeply interested. Should I be able Canal was completed, and a communication opened During the half year ending 30th of to make it appear, that there is that high degree of in May, 1827, between Reading and Middletown, June last, there were conveyed between probability, amounting as nearly to certainty as the distance 71 miles. Manchester and Liverpool, nature of the case will admit, that the sanguine ex. To the stock of the Chesapeake and Delaware Ca- During the half year ending 31st Depectations of its advocates will be realized, every nal, there were about 358,000 dollars subscribed, of cember last, sent person interested in the prosperity of the state ought, which only 103,000 dollars were paid in. This was Increase, so far as may be in his power, to support it to its final chiefly expended on a feeder, about five miles long, The advantages to be derived from opening a na perfections in the acts of incorporation; and hence Ditto ditto for the half year ending Increase, 35,865 50,234 14,369 tons 6,827 12,997 |