never give his heart the lie; there being no punishment, which they could inflict, half so terrible to him as the thought of forfeiting his veracity and good name with the world." He spoke more to the same purpose, which was so highly approved by a large audience that on that occasion had crowded into the hall of the assembly, as to produce a burst of applause. Some gentlemen who gave this token of their approbation, were taken into custody, examined, reprimanded and discharged. Smith and Moore determined to petition the king for redress.1

This German paper was published about the year 1759, by Weiss and Miller, conveyancers. It was printed for them about two years by Armbruster.

In 1762, Anthony Armbruster printed this German paper on his own account, and, in 1764, published it weekly in Arch street.

H. Miller's German paper was commenced also in 1762; and for some time there were two German and two English newspapers published in Philadelphia.

Der Wochentliche Philadelphische Staatsbote.

This newspaper was first published in the German language at Philadelphia, in January, 1762; printed by Henry Miller, with German types, very similar to, though handsomer than English blacks. It was, as occasion required, printed on a whole or half sheet of foolscap; the size of the paper was afterwards enlarged to a crown sheet. The day of publication, at first, was Monday, but it was frequently changed.

In 1775, the paper was enlarged to a demy size, and published twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday; in 1776, only once a week, on Tuesdays, at 6s. per annum. In

1See American Magazine for January, 1758. See also, Journals of the House of Assembly of Pennsylvania, for 1757 and 1758.

1765, a cut of a postman on horseback, was introduced into the title; the postman was on a gallop, and held in his left hand a newspaper, on which appeared the word Nora. In 1768, the title was altered to Pennsylvanische Staatsbote. In 1775, the cut was omitted, and the paper entitled Henrich Miller's Pennsylvanischer Staatsbote With this alteration in the title, it was printed until the British army took possession of the city in 1777; the publication of it was then suspended, but was revived soon after that army evacuated Philadelphia, and continued till May, 1779, when the publisher retired from business, and his paper was continued by Steiner & Cist, for a few months, and then by Steiner only, until 1794; and after that time by H. & J. Kammerer, and others, until 1812, when it was discontinued.

[See Philadelphia - Henry Miller.]

James Robertson, who before 1775 printed at Albany, and afterwards at Norwich and New York, published in Philadelphia, whilst the British army occupied the city, a paper entitled The Royal Gazette.

Note. There were 14 newspapers printed in the state of Pennsylvania in 1790, and it was supposed about five times that number in the whole country. The first stage between New York and Philadelphia commenced running in 1756, and occupied three days in the transit. Newspapers were carried in the mail free of charge, until 1758, when, by reason of their great increase, they were charged with postage at 9d. a year for fifty miles, and 18d. for 100 miles.-M.

MAGAZINES, &c.,

PUBLISHED IN PHILADELPHIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.

The General Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for all the British Plantations in America.

This was published monthly. No. 1 appeared in January, 1741. It has for a frontispiece, the prince of Wales's coronet and feather, with the motto, Ich Dien. It was published only six months. Imprint, "Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Benjamin Franklin." 12s. per annum. 12mo.

The American Magazine, or a Monthly View of the British Colonies.

First published January, 1741. Foolscap 8vo., fortyeight pages. 12s. per annum. Imprint, "Philadelphia : Printed and sold by Andrew Bradford."

This work was edited by, and published for, John Webbe, who having issued the prospectus from the American Mercury of November 6, 1740, gave offence to Benjamin Franklin, and produced a short, but smart paper war between Franklin, Webbe, and Bradford. Webbe had employed Bradford to print the work. Franklin asserted that it had previously been engaged to him. This was contradicted by Webbe; but he acknowledged that he had conversed with Franklin on the subject, who had given to him, in writing, the terms on which he would print and publish it. The consequence was, that Franklin began the magazine above mentioned, and published it a month sooner than Webbe could bring his forward. I cannot find that Bradford and Webbe printed more than two numbers of this work.

The American Magazine, or Monthly Chronicle for the British Colonies. By a Society of Gentlemen. Veritatis Cultores Fraudis Inimici.

This Magazine was first published in October, 1757. Imprint, "Philadelphia: Printed by William Bradford." Price 12s. per annum. It was discontinued soon after the appearance of The New American Magazine, printed in January, 1758, by Parker, and edited by Nevil, at Woodbridge. I cannot find that Bradford published more than three numbers.

The Penny Post.

This was a small work of a few pages 12 mo. published for a short time by Benjamin Mecom, in 1769. I have not seen a copy of it. His design was to print it weekly; but it came from the press in an irregular manner.

The American Magazine,

Was published monthly, through the year 1769, for its author Lewis Nicola; each number contained forty-eight pages. To this magazine were subjoined the transactions of the American Philosophical Society, of which Nicola was a member. The work was begun and ended with the year. It was printed in octavo, price 13s. per annum.

Nicola was born at Rochelle, in France, and educated in Ireland. He had some appointment in the British army, but quitted it. He was the author of one or more small military treatises, written about the commencement of our revolution, to which he was friendly. He obtained military rank in Pennsylvania, and eventually became a general officer in the militia.

The Royal Spiritual Magazine, or the Christian's Grand Treasury.

This work was begun in 1771, and published monthly, for a few months only, by John MacGibbons, in Front street, between Arch and Race streets.

The Pennsylvania Magazine, or American Monthly Museum.

This Magazine was first published in January, 1775, by Robert Aitken. The celebrated Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense,' &c., was one of the principal compilers and writers of the Museum. It was a work of merit; each number contained forty-eight pages, octavo, with an engraving. The war put an end to it.

Aitken contracted with Paine to furnish, monthly, for this work, a certain quantity of original matter; but he often found it difficult to prevail on Paine to comply with his engagement. On one of the occasions, when Paine had neglected to supply the materials for the Magazine, within a short time of the day of publication, Aitken went to his lodgings, and complained of his neglecting to fulfil his contract. Paine heard him patiently, and coolly answered, "You shall have them in time." Aitken expressed some doubts on the subject, and insisted on Paine's accompanying him and proceeding immediately to business, as the workmen were waiting for copy. He accordingly went home with Aitken, and was soon seated at the table with the necessary apparatus, which always included a glass, and a decanter of brandy. Aitken remarked, "he

'There was a political paper published in London, in 1739, which I have seen, that bears the title Common Sense.