EXAMPLES.

EXAMPLES.

EXAMINE the following Definitions or Descriptions (pointing out their faults, if any, and, where they are sufficient, stating under what head of Definition or Description they fall).

(1) A square is a four-sided rectilinear figure, having all its sides equal.

(2) Monarchy is a form of political government in which one man is sovereign.

(3) An University is a corporation which grants learned degrees.

(4) Logic is the Art of Reasoning.

(5) A triangle is a figure generated by the section of a cone passing through the vertex and perpendicular

to the base.

(6) Wealth is the sum of things useful, necessary, and agreeable.

(7) Man is a mammal having hands and cooking his own food.

(8) An animal is a sentient organized being.

(9) A liquid is that which can be poured out.

(10) A Federation is a political union the members of which are bound together for purposes of offence and defence.

(11) Man is a mammal possessing the power of articulate speech.

(12) Political Philosophy is the science of the laws which govern the equilibrium and development of human society.

Examine the following Divisions, substituting, where they are incorrect, one or more correct ones.

(1) Men into Aryans, Mongolians, Africans, and Americans. (2) Quadrilateral Figures into Squares, Rectangles, Parallelograms, and Rhomboids.

(3) The Fine Arts into Painting, Drawing, Sculpture, Architecture, Poetry, and Photography.

(4) Governments into Monarchies, Tyrannies, Oligarchies, and Democracies.

(5) Books into entertaining and unentertaining.

(6) Men into those who lend and those who borrow.

(7) The Sciences into Physical, Social, Ethical, Logical, and Metaphysical.

(8) Plants into Flowering Plants, Mosses, Ferns, and Pines. (9) The origin of Colonies is to be traced either to the

necessity for frontier garrisons (as amongst the Romans) or to the poverty or discontent of the inhabitants of the mother-country (as amongst the Greeks and ourselves).

(10) "The general stock of any country or society is the same with that of all its inhabitants or members, and therefore naturally divides itself into the same three portions, each of which has a distinct function or office :

Ist, that portion which is reserved for immediate consumption, and of which the characteristic is that it affords no revenue or profit;

2nd, the fixed capital, of which the characteristic is that it affords a revenue or profit without circulating or changing masters;

3rd, the circulating capital, of which the characteristic is that it affords a revenue only by circulating or changing masters."― Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, Vol. II. Ch. 1.

Convert the following propositions (previously permuting

them, where necessary).

(1) All triangles are rectilinear figures.

(2) All triangles are three-sided rectilinear figures.

(3) All triangles may be defined as three-sided rectilinear figures.

(4) Some branches of Mathematics admit of a direct practical application.

(5) Men of fair promises are often not to be trusted.

(6) Some members of the Government are not prepared to accept the measure.

(7) Virtue is a condition of Happiness.
(8) Virtue is the condition of Happiness.
(9) A syllogism is a form of inference.

(10) With man many things are impossible.

(11) Some men of great powers of imagination are not poets. (12) None but persons of great powers of imagination are

poets.

(13) What I have written, I have written.

(14) Propositions are either simple or complex.

(15) The proper study of mankind is man.

State in logical form (where necessary) and examine the following arguments.

(1)

(2)

(3)

Every book is liable to error,

Every book is a human production;

... All human productions are liable to error.

All tulips are beautiful flowers,

No roses are tulips;

... No roses are beautiful flowers.

Some men are wise,

Some men are good;

... Some wise men are good.