to the union of the powers in league against us. Your enemies are experienced in war, and inured to combats: you have, in advantage over them, the great interefts of your own caufe to defend; you have the paffion for liberty, which exalts a man above himself, and transforms him into a hero. But the time is precious; haften to repair to your standards. - Fly into the country and to the frontiers, and remember that when the state is in danger, every citizen is a foldier; and that the devoted fervice of the most generous becomes no longer a virtue, but a duty.

All the cities in the empire will doubtless be ambitious of feeing their name infcribed in the lift of the well-deferving of their country. The whole kingdom will be overfpread with citizens fubject to the laws, united together in the indif foluble bands of concord, and by their attachment to a conftitution to which they have all taken a folemn oath of fidelity.

Adminiftrators, magiftrates, warriors, citizens, this is the moment to extinguish, in a brotherly fentiment of reconciliation and peace, the diffenfions and hatreds that have hitherto divided and weakened you. This is the moment to establish freedom upon an eternal foundation, in establishing the empire of the laws; without which all'is confufion, diforder, and mifery; all anarchial tyranný, a thousand times more intolerable than even that of defpotism.

The law places you all in a state of perpetual infpection. Avail yourfelves of the privilege, in order to give weight to authority, and fprings to government. Avail your felves of it for the re-establishment of good order, for the fuccour of France; which cannot make head

unlefs all powers, all inclinations, all courage unite for its falvation. It is the king who calls to you, a king proud of commanding a free people, who, in the name of the liberty that he loves, and of the equality which, like you, he is determined to maintain, conjures you to rally under the ftandard of the country, to aflift him in giving force to the laws against the foes within and without to fwear with him to conquer or to die for the rights of the nation: and to bury them rather under the ruins of the empire than fuffer its dignity to be infulted; that foreigners or rebels fhould give laws to France: or, by yielding to a difgraceful capitula tion, tarnifh the honour of the French name.

Under thefe confiderations, the king, participating in the folicitude of the national affembly, who, by the act of the 11th of the prefent month, have declared the country to be in danger; thoroughly con vinced that the moment in which the public liberty is menaced, is that in which it is most neceffary to recall the citizens and magistrates to the exact obfervance of the laws which guarantee it; and especially the decree of the 8th inft. which ascertains the meafure to be taken when the country is in danger; is anxious to recapitulate the duties which thefe different laws univer fally impofe upon the French

nation.

Art. I. His majesty invites all citizens who are able to bear arms, and fuch efpecially who have had the honour to ferve their country, of what rank foever they might have been, to enlift themselves im mediately, in order to make good the complement of the army of troops of the line.

Art. II. Invites all citizens who (H a) pet.

poffefs the requifite qualifications, and who are not yet enrolled in the national guard, to enrol themselves forthwith.

Art. III. Enjoins all adminiftrative bodies, and all the municipalities, to put the law of the 8th of this month, relating to the formation of the battalions of national guards deftined for the defence of the ftate, inftantly in force.

Art. IV. Recommends to them to inftruct the citizens in the particular duties which the prefent circumftances of things require at their hands, to animate their zeal, and to excite them to rush forward, wherever the dangers of their country may call them.

Art. V. Recommends to them likewife to neglect nothing that may accelerate the armament, and march of the troops; and to do every thing in their power to further fuch purpofe.

Art. VI. Exhorts the citizens, who fhall obtain the honour of marching the first to the fuccour of their country, to fubordination to their chiefs; to regularity of conduct in the fervice; to zeal worthy of the noble caufe which they are called upon to defend; and to honour the French name as much by their humanity towards their conquered enemies, as by their courage in combating against them.

Art. VII. Exhorts likewife the citizens, that remain for the defence of the internal parts of the king dom, to give proofs of their patriotifm, in performing perfonal fervice, in maintaining the fafety of citizens and property, the exe. cution of justice, and the refpect due to conftituted authorities.

Art. Vill. Recalls to the mind of all public officers, the obligation of refidence which the law impofes upon them, and which the perils of

the ftate render more indifpenfable Enjoins his commiffaries of tribunals, the fyndic folicitor generals of departments, and the fyndic foicitors of diftricts, to keep up, each in his particular station, the strict obfervance of this law, and to inform against all infractions made therein.

Art. IX. Recommends, laftly, to all adminiftrators and other public officers, both civil and military, to redouble their ardour and affiduity in the exercife of their functions; and to all citizens to remember, that it is only by making every facrifice, and fhewing an inviolable refpect for the laws, that they can approve themfelves worthy of liberty. Ordains, that the prefent proclamation be fent to the administrative and judiciary bodies, printed, read, publifhed, and advertised all over the kingdom,

Done, in council of ftate, the
20th of July, 1792, the fourth
year of liberty.
(Signed)
(Counterfigned)

LOUIS. DEJOLY.

Manifefto issued by their Majesties the Emperor of Germany and the King of Pruffia, against the Frenchs Revolution.

Their majefties the emperor and king of Pruffia, in commencing a war, occafioned by the most unjuft and irresistible circumftances, have fucceffively and feparately publifhed the particular motives of their conduct. Animated, how, ever, by a regard for the facred interefts of humanity, their imperial and royal majefties, thinking it not fufficient to have communicated to the different courts of Europe the circumstances which oblige them

to have recourfe to arms, confider it as of importance to their glory, and the happiness of their faithful fubjects, to enlighten all nations refpecting the caufes and effects of the late deplorable revolution in France, and, in a manifefto, tó lay open to the prefent generation, as well as to pofterity, their motives, their intentions, and the difinterestedness of their views.

Taking up arms for the purpofe of preferving focial and political order among all polifhed nations, and to fecure to each state its religion, happiness, independence, territories, and real conftitution; it is to be prefumed that the ufe which their imperial and royal majefties are about to make, for the general fafety, of the forces committed by Providence to their disposal, will confole mankind, if poffible, for the evils to which war has already expofed them, and for that blood which the difturbers of public tranquillity may yet caufe to be thed. In this hope, their majefties have not hesitated to give to all na tions, and to all individuals, the great example of forgetting, on the appearance of common danger, their ancient animofities, and their private concerns, that they may attend to the public good only, in a crifis fo important and unparalleled in hiftory. They think that, on this occafion, all empires and ftates ought to be unanimous, and that all fovereigns, becoming the firm guardians of the happiness of mankind, cannot fail to unite their efforts, in order to refcue a great nation from its own fury: to preferve Europe from the return of barbarity, and the universe from that anarchy with which it is threatened.

However celebrated the French revolution may unhappily have

been, a manifefto against it ought to exhibit a true picture of it; and it is by facts alone that the public can be enabled to judge of this grand caufe of all nations against faction and rebellion,

For four years paft, Europe has viewed with attention, and beheld with increafing indignation, the revolution which has oppreffed France, and which detains in captivity an auguft monarch, worthy of the love of his fubjects, and entitled to the efteem, friendship, and fupport of all fovereigns.

Since his acceffion to the throne, it is well known that his most chriftian majefty has evinced, in every poffible manner, his affection for his fubjects, his love of justice, his conftant and fincere defire to eftablifh order and economy in the adminiftration of his finances, and his integrity toward the creditors of the nation. To make perfonal facrifices was his higheft enjoyment, and a defire of complying with public opinion has ever determined him in the choice of his measures. Continually employed in devifing means for relieving his people, and for gratifying the public wifhes, he has erred with them and for them; obeyed the dictates of humanity rather than thofe of justice; and overlooked their faults, in hopes that they would repair them without rendering it neceffary for him to have recourfe to punishment. Calumny itself has always refpected his intentions, and the most criminal and audacious factions, while attacking his fovereign authority, and infulting his facred perfon, ftruck by his private virtues, has never prefumed to deny them.

After trying in vain every method that occurred to him to promote the welfare of his fubjects, and to difcharge the public debt of the

(H 3) ' nation,

nation, (unfortunate in the choice of his meafures, deceived in his hopes, and difappointed by various events, yet still firm in his be nevolent intentions, and encourag ed, though there was no occafion for his being fo, by the queen and all the royal family, to purfue inceffantly the object of his wifhes, the darling pailion of his heart, the happiness of his people), Louis XVI. not finding the affiftance which he fought in the affembly of the notables, convoked the itatesgeneral of the kingdom. He was defirous to collect around him, in the three orders of the monarchy, all his fubjects, and to ask them by what means he could at length render them happy. Scrupulous even in the form, and fearing to take any thing upon himself, he endeavoured to learn the public opinion refpecting the convocation of the ftates-general; he found himself compelled, hy circumftances which he could not avoid, to change the ancient form followed by his predeceffors; he figned, without diftruft, orders, infidioufly and artfully drawn up, which endangered his fovereign authority, tended to excite difcord, and infinuated difobedience to his commands. Under there fatal aufpices, the fta esgeneral met; and one of the best kings that France can boast of, addreffed to this auguft, but foon after criminal, atfembly, thefe valuable words, which fovereigns, who found them in their own fentiments, ftill take a piçafure in repeating:

"Every thing that can be expected from the tendereft intereft in the happiness of the public, eve

ry thing that can be required of a fovereign, the best friend of his people, you may and ought to hope for from my fentiments t."

Thefe memorable expreffions, which might have recovered the moft alienated minds, and which ought, in a peculiar manner, to have infpired with the most lively gratitude, a people loaded with kindness by their king, were fcarce ly pronounced, when the fignal of revolt was given on all fides. One of the three orders, converting a momentary conceffion into a right, and abufing a double reprefentation, the object of which, on the part of the monarch, was to increate his information, without increafing his preponderance, wifhed, by taking the lead, to fwallow up the other two, and to bear them down by its weight. In vain did the laws of the monarchy, the authority of precedent, the nature of things, and the facred and imprefcriptible rights of each order, oppofe this ambitious, unjuft, and illegal confusion. The refiftance of the two first orders was foon overcome, by turning against them their love for the king; oppofing the danger of the monarch to that of the monarchy, and exciting a revolt, which threatened in an imminent degree the life of his most chriftian majefty. the report of a danger, which the refiftance of the two first orders might doubtlefs have defpifed, had it threatened them only, confiernation put an end to reafoning; there was no longer room for deliberation; it was neceflary to act. The nobility and clergy rufhed into the affembly, with the third eftate, to fave France from the moft horrid

On

to the grand bailiffs."

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