SUPPLEMENT TO THE NOTES

BOOK I

CHAPTER I

§ 1, 1. 8. sed etiam in dicendi exerc.] In Cicero's time rhetorical teaching was carried on mainly in Greek. J. S. R. rust. c. 77 ita uti placenta fit, eadem omnia facito.

1. 9] add Cat. de re 1. 12. docti, 'the educated,' TeTaidevμévoι, used esp. of philosophers: see n. on II § 2 1. 14.

§ 2, 1. 16. paenitebit] The verb paenitet ought only to be used 'in voluntariis rebus,' as appears from Aulus Gellius Ñ. A. XVII 1. 1. 18. Neue 112 p. 394 says the form in re is in the fut. commoner than -ris in Cic., but I am not sure that he is right. J. S. R. 1. 19. orationem] i.q. orationis facultatem 1. 9. Cf. Brutus 165 satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingeni, below § 13 n. autem may be translated whilst': similarly at 1 § 140 1. 1, que § 92 1. 25, et III § 51 1. 5, nec I § 29 1. 7. 1. 22. apte] apta oratio is opp. to infracta, soluta, dissoluta, fluens, dissipata. (M.) In the quotation from Cic. de or. 111 53 after verbis dicunt add et in ipsa oratione quasi quendam numerum versumque conficiunt.

§ 3, 1. 4. The meaning of vis is 'force,' 'energy,' rather than 'strength.' Cf. orator 62 quamquam philosophi quidam ornate locuti sunt...tamen horum oratio neque nervos neque aculeos oratorios ac forenses habet. 1. 7. video] i.e. legendo vel audiendo cognovi, § 90 l. I note, Reid on Acad. II § 129 p. 329. 1. 8. elaboraret] cf. § 114, § 116, de orat. I 19 ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, in quibus singulis elaborare permagnum est. 1. 9. sequereturque] Que is very often thus employed to combine two notions which are to be considered as a connected whole. Cf. below § 11 l. 17, III 70 l. 14: et and atque are used similarly: thus ep. ad fam. v 2, 7 ea (iniuria) me affecit atque abeuntem magistratu contionis habendae potestate me privavit, Tusc. 1 17 geram tibi morem et explicabo. See Madv. Gr. § 433. 1. 10. disputandi] meaning speech as an expression of thought, I 34 1. 6, III § II 1. 8 note, § 20 l. 13. in hoc numero] with numerus, genus, multitudo this is the ordinary construction; sometimes the pronoun remains in the case of numerus, even when the subject numbered is added in the genitive, as or. in Verr. III 70 ex quo iudicum numero, v 160 in illo numero civium. Such an expression as id genus hominum remains unchanged, when a relative sentence follows, in which the pronoun refers to

hominum, as II § 72 1. 13, Verr. II 141 illud genus pecuniae, quae; the same holds good where a pronoun takes the place of the substantive as illud genus eorum qui § 119 l. 4, and even without an antecedent pronoun in the genitive as de fin. III 70 ex eo genere quae prosunt, Quinct. 75 ex eo numero qui dicerent. Even adjectives are made to agree with genus and numerus, instead of with the genitive, e. g. Verr. v 53 ex illo Sertoria no numero militum, II 123 ne plures essent in senatu ex colonorum numero quam ex vetere Agrigentinorum, or. Phil. III 3 ex invicto genere veteranorum militum. Cf. Reid on Cic. de am. § 38 1. 22, Madv. Fin. III § 70, Draeger Histor. Synt. § 100, supplementary note on § 120 l. 20. 1. 13. aliorum sit iudicium] cf. III § 110 l. 34, ep. ad fam. VII § 55, § 110; XIV 18, I id non solum meum consilium est, sed etiam vestrum, de fat. 3 optio sit tua, Verr. 1 142 probatio futura est tua, Cael. 4 est ista vestra existimatio, Cluent. 80 quem ad modum audiar sentio, non modo ab iis quorum iudicium ac potestas est sed etiam ab illis, quorum tantum est existimatio. 1. 14. secuti sumus, aimed at obtaining': cf. § 35 1. 15, de nat. deor. 1 11 sq. si singulas disciplinas percipere magnum est, quanto magis omnis. Cuius rei tantae tamque difficilis facultatem consecutum esse me non profiteor, secutum esse prae me fero. Acad. II § 70 with Reid's note. 1. 17. tenuisset, had remained true to.' pronuntiare, 'to deliver,' 'give expression to.' The Latin equivalent to our pronounce' is appellare or dicere, cf. III § 66 1. 30 and see Sorof on de orat. I § 66, 111 § 56.

CHAPTER II

§ 4, 1. 18. de Aristotele et Isocrate] on this rivalry between Isocrates and Aristotle see an instructive note by Mr Sandys in his admirable edition of the Orator (Cambridge, 1885) § 62 p. 70. 1. 22. multa posthac] III § 121 1. 9. maxime volui] 'I wished, if possible,' as in Greek μáλιOта μÉv—el dè μn. Cf. or. Phil. vIII 31 extr. huius industriam maxime quidem vellem ut imitarentur secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent, ep. ad fam. XVI 21, 8 peto_ut_librarius mittatur, maxime quidem Graecus, part. orat. 132 vel aliorum vel maxime, si poterit, eiusdem. 1. 24. in philosophia] see on III § 37 l. 6.

1. 27. vitae pars] cf. or. p. Cluent. 41 eum similem sui fuisse in ceteris quoque vitae partibus, or. p. Font. 49 frugi hominem et in omnibus vitae partibus moderatum ac temperantem. By vita is meant 'way or mode of life,' 'conduct' (as in I § 98, § 108, § 111 bis, § 112, § 120); or 'course of action,' 'doings' as here and below § 136, § 155, 111 § 61, I § 144 where it is opposed to oratio, II § 11 where it is opp. to mens; or 'calling', 'vocation' as in 1 § 117. 1. 29. si tecum agas: cf. III 1 1. 7, Tusc. 2, 51 sermoque intimus cum ipse secum: Caue, turpe, quicquam, languidum, non uirile. J. S. r. 1. 30. in eoque] see n. on § 22 l. 32.

§ 5, 1. 34. Cf. also Fin. 5 §§ 15-21. J. S. R. 1. 5. naturae bonitate] cf. also § 67 1. 17, Fin. 2 § 28 deinde ubi erubuit (Epicurus), uis enim est permagna naturae; ib. 2 § 58 nonne intellegas eo maiorem uim esse naturae quod ipsi uos etc. J. S. R.

§ 6, 1. 12. officii praecepta] below § 7, II § 2 benevolentiae praecepta, II § 51 1. 28. 1. 19. dilectum] § 45, § 49, III § 46. 1. 22. ut interpretes] cf. 11 601. 33 Panaetius quem secutus sum, non interpretatus, Ac. 1, 8 Menippum imitati, non interpretati. J. S. R.

e fontibus

eorum, 'from them as sources,' the epexegetic gen. Cf. § 48 1. 27 s. n.

§ 7, 1. 28. The verb suscipitur goes too closely with a ratione to permit of the latter phrase being disconnected from the action of the verb. If the reading a ratione be right, ratio must be personified and substituted for sapiente. If ratione be the right reading it will be as in the not uncommon phrase ratione concludere aliquid. Cf. Acad. 1 § 39 perturbationes...opinionis iudicio suscipi. J. S. R.

CHAPTER III

§ 7, 1. 34. conformari, 'to be improved,' 'perfected': de fin. IV 5 (pars philosophiae) qua mores conformari putantur, i.e. 'practical Ethics,' institutio vitae communis.

P. 6, 1. 3. quorum autem officiorum etc.] instead of posterioris generis. But the sentence is illogically constructed: to be symmetrical with the proposed duplex quaestio, it should rather have been alterum genus quaestionis est, quod positum est in praeceptis.

§ 8, 1. 9. officium dicitur] abbreviated for officium est quod dicitur, 'there is a so-called duty.' See J. B Mayor's note on Cic. de nat. d. II § 51 p. 152. 1. 10. perfectum officium etc.] Cicero means to say that the proper terms are respectively medium and perfectum. But he prefers to use rectum instead of the latter, as a better rendering of the Greek word κатópowμа. The mention of this Greek term leads him incidentally to give the alternative word for medium viz. commune. See an excellent note by Reid Acad. I § 37. vocemus] cf. Acad. 2, 17 si placet nominemus; also my n. on dicemus ib. 2 § 31. J. S. R. 1. 12. sic definiunt ut definiant] add to the exx. quoted III § 11, 1. 16 ita sunt assensi ut censerent, Tusc. v § 88 ita sentit ut putet. [Cf. similar tautologies in my Addenda to the or. p. Archia § 3, 1. 12 (last edition); also or. p. Tullio 47, permittere ut liceat. J. S. R.] Observe that rectum here =recte factum, not rectum officium. 1. 14. quod cur factum sit etc.] cf. below § 101, de fin. III 58 quod ita factum est, ut eius facti probabilis ratio reddi possit, Diog. Laert. VII 107 ὃ πραχθὲν εὔλογόν τιν ̓ ἴσχει ἀπολογισμόν.

§ 9, 1. 16. nam] 'namely,' like Gr. yáp, merely prefaces the statement: so above 1. 8 § 28 1. 24, II § 44 l. 19, § 49 1. 9. 1. 18. animi] plur. ‘the mind'; cf. my n. on Acad. 1, 20 ingeniis. J. S. R. 1. 21. I think rerum merely means 'in general'; for which use see my n. on Acad. 2 § 148. J. S. R. 1. 26. revocare] Ac. 2 § 139 reuocat uirtus uel potius reprehendit manu. J. S. R.

§ 10, 1. 28. hac divisione] an instrumental abl., which we should translate by 'in' or 'by.' (M.) I think in has fallen out between hac and diuisione. J. S. R. 1. 30. sit] the indefinite subject is omitted, as is often the case in indirect questions, cf. § 161 1. 5. 11 § 71 l. 35 and see Reid on Acad. I § 2 p. 88. 1. 32. triplicem rationem, ‘a division

into three,' II § 48 l. 23, § 49 l. 10, § 52 l. 17.

CHAPTER IV

§ 11, 1. 5. a natura tributum] the preposition is used, as commonly, when natura is strongly personified. Cf. § 13 animus bene informatus a natura, § 103 ita generati a natura, § 118 a natura datum. The simple ablative natura is used as a pure adverb=púσe with adjectives and verbs. See Reid on Acad. $15 1. 8. corpusque are explanatory of, not id est were put after se. J. S. R. Add to the exx. of neuter adj.

se vitam corpusque] uitam parallel to, se. The sense is as though 1. 9. commune, ‘a common property.' Tusc. 11 31 turpitudo peius est quam

dolor, de nat. deor. III 15 quid simile medicina et divinatio, or. 204 aliud videtur esse numerus, aliud numerosum. Mueller also prefers item to autem of the MSS which, he says, would imply an antithesis which does not exist between the two sentences commune animantium omnium and generi an. omni tributum. 1. 11. cura, 'interest,' 'sympathy,' § 30 1. 15, II § 36 1. 27. eorum quae procreata sint] cf. 111 § 69 1. 30 societas eorum, qui eiusdem gentis sint. 1. 17. consequentia, rather 'logical inferences,' =тà ảкóλova; see my n. on Acad. 1 § 19 consentiens. J. S. R. causas rerum etc.] my n. on Acad. 1 § 29 necessitatem. J. S. R. 1. 18. earumque] sc. rerum, not causarum. 1. 19. similitudines, concrete, 'similar objects.'

§ 12, 1. 21. As to the general resemblance between the context here and in Fin. 2, 45 see Hirzel p. 648 of his Untersuchungen, the part relating to de Finibus. The quotation from Plato in Fin. 2, 45 occurs also Off. 1, 22 and there is a remarkable resemblance between Off. 1, 13 and Fin. 2, 46 and 5, 42. J. S. R. 1. 28. cultum, 'comfort.'

§ 13, 1. 31. veri] not merely 'ideal truth' but the 'reality,' § 19 l. 4, III § 84 1. 19. The veri inquisitio therefore may be considered as the second source of the second cardinal virtue. 1. 34. cognitionem, 'desire of knowledge,' § 18 l. 23, § 153 1. 32.

P. 8, 1. 3. In Fin. 2, 46 ad imperandum seems to refer to something different; the control of the emotional part of man's nature by the rational. J. S. R. 1. 5. informatus] see my n. on Arch. § 4, l. 21, with the Addenda. J. S. R. 1. 7. humanarum rerum contemptio] Acad. 2, 127, with the passages quoted in my n. J. S. R.

§ 14, 1. 8. naturae rationisque] i.q. natura vi rationis § 12, naturae ratio the natural understanding,' III § 23 l. 10. (M.) 1. 11. visibilis is of a formation very rare indeed till after Cicero's time; see my n. on comprehendibilis in Acad. I § 41. J. S. R. 1. 16. Müller would retain the reading of the MSS conservandam, quoting several passages, where an attribute common to several substantives agrees exceptionally with the more remote, when prominence is to be given to it as more important than the others, de leg. I 1 lucus ille et haec quercus agnoscitur saepe a me lectus in Mario, ep. ad fam. v 21, 5 praeter culpam ac peccatum qua caruisti, x 25, I istam operam tuam, navitatem, animum anteponendam censeo, or. p. Sest. § 119 animum et fidem gratum fuisse, to which add ep. ad fam. X 21, 5 non modo honorem, sed misericordiam quoque defuturum, X 24, I amor et iudicium utrum plus dignitatis sit allaturus. 1. 17. faciat] sc. natura ratioque, which are used as the subject in place of the men concerned. 1. 20. id quod quaerimus honestum, 'ideal virtue'; see the passages quoted in my n. in Sandys' Orator § 3. J. S. R. 1. 21. Cf. Acad. 2, 140 quod gloriosum sit in uolgus, and see my n. there. J. S. R.

CHAPTER V

1. 27.

§ 15, 1. 24. ipsam, 'actual,' 'real,'' true,' 11 § 35 l. 5. enim] like nam § 8, 11 § 43 1. 11. 1. 28. sollertia] inasmuch as man ad vitam degendam praeparat res necessarias § II. 1. 29. suum cuique] See J. B. Mayor on de nat. deor. III § 38.

P. 9, 1. 3. discripta] In the phrase discribere partem observe that partem is the accusative not of the object but of contents, to divide into (so as to make) a part.' Cf. fines terminare § 33, amicitiam conrugare § 58, societatem coniungere III § 53, divisione tripertita 111 § 9 1. 31.