The Construction of Participles.

Participia regunt casus, &c.

Participles govern the same Cases as the Verbs do from whence they are derived: as tendo governs an Accusative Case, so does tendens; utor governs an Ablative Case, therefore utens, usus, and usurus, govern the same: Eripio governs a Dative Case by the Rule, Quædam accipiendi, &c. therefore ereptus governs the same.

1. I had rather see a Man wanting Money, than Money a Man.

2. Slavery is the Obedience of a broken and abject Mind, wanting its own Will.

3. A Man given to Pleasure is but of little Service to his Heir.

4. Public Utility is to be preferred to private In

terest.

5. Friendship is to be preferred to all human Things.

6. If you have benefited a Friend, or given him faithful Counsel, you seem not to deserve much Praise, having only done your Duty.

7. The Man whose Passions and Views are always inconsistent and irreconcileable with one another, can never enjoy a state of Quiet and Tranquillity.

8. As he is a Fool, who, when he is going to buy a Horse, inspects only the Bridle and Saddle; so

is he most foolish, who esteems a Man from his Dress, or Condition, which is a sort of Dress.

9. Let us suppose, on one hand, a good Man, abounding with Riches; and, on the other hand, one indeed having nothing, but all Things in himself: each of them may be equally a good Man, however unequal they are in Fortune.

10. I cannot call those good Things, with which a Man, though abounding ever so much, may be miserable.

11. We are very properly enjoined, in the course of our Life to avoid all Fits of Passion: that is, excessive Emotions of the Mind, uncontrolled by Reason.

12. A Man thinks himself injured, and has a Mind to be revenged; but some Cause dissuading him, he immediately draws back I call not this Anger, but an Emotion of the Mind, obeying Reason that is Anger, which leaps beyond Reason, and draws it with her.

13. He is not truly a Conqueror, who cannot bridle his Passion when it demands Revenge.

14. He is an unjust and ungrateful Citizen, who, when he is delivered from the Danger of Arms, still retains an armed Mind.

15. Fortitude is the Knowledge of Things to be endured, or an Affection of the Mind in Patience and Perseverance, obeying, without Fear, the supreme Law.

- 16. Modesty is the Guardian of all Virtues, ever avoiding Disgrace, and procuring the highest Praise.

17. It is expedient that the Mind should be conscious of its own Integrity, and know its Affinity

with the Divine Mind; from whence proceeds a Pleasure ever full, yet insatiable.

Participiis Passivæ vocis, &c.

Participles of the Passive Voice, especially if they end in dus, have sometimes a Dative Case after them.

me.

1. No one of these shall go away unpresented by

2. If it happens to any one to be gently dismissed by old Age, not suddenly torn from Life, but gradually stolen away ;-has he not Reason to thank God, that being full of Days and Infirmity, he now retires to Rest, so necessary to Man, so grateful to the weary?

3. When a Sentence is to be given by a Judge, he must remember he hath God a Witness, at least his own Mind'; than which God hath given nothing more Divine to Man.

4. Wherein any one speaks Truth, in that he is to be defended by every 'Lover of Truth.

5. The Whisperer and Slanderer is to be looked upon by all as a common Enemy: and he that lies under any Slander, or unjust Defamation, is to be defended and cleared by him that knows his Innocence; or else he makes himself guilty of the Slander.

6. Punishment must be assigned for the Wicked; and not less for those who follow another wicked Person, than for the Leaders themselves.

7. We must keep the way that Nature hath prescribed to us: to those who do, all Things are easy, and readily provided; but to those who are

continually striving against her, Life is nothing else but rowing against the Stream..

8. Let us cherish those Sentiments which Reason and Truth prescribe, and think that nothing in Life concerns us but to preserve our Integrity: and so long as we are void of Guilt, let us bear calmly and moderately all human Accidents.

9. Diligence avails much in all Things: this is principally to be rejoiced in, and always applied by us: there is nothing it cannot attain to; in this Virtue, all the other Virtues are comprehended.

Participia cùm fiunt nomina, &c.

and

Participles when they become Nouns (Adjective, or Participial Adjectives,) require a Genitive Case. Note. Participial Adjectives may be known four Ways.

First. When the Participial Adjective governs a different Case from the Verb it is derived from; as, Appetens alieni.

Secondly. When it is compounded of a Preposition, which the Verb it is derived from cannot be compounded with; as, indoctus, innocens.

Thirdly. When it forms all the Degrees of Comparison; as, amans, amantior, amantissimus.

Fourthly. When it has no Respect or Difference of Time; as profusus, the Participle, signifies having been poured forth, with respect to Time past: whereas profusus, the Participial Adjective, signifies profuse or lavish, without any respect at all to Tense or Time.

1. Men that are great Lovers of themselves, damage the Public.

2. Every Nature loves itself, and is employed in Self-Preservation.

3. I hope you will regard his Advice, for I know no one more prudent, or has a greater Affection for you.

4. My Master is generous, and hates Licentiousness; therefore I serve him willingly, ever obedient to his Command.

5. Virtue is lovely in her own Eyes, because she best knows herself, and how amiable she is.

6. A Man may as well be said to be ungrateful to himself, as sordid, harsh, cruel, and neglectful of himself for as they are called Benefits, which I have conferred upon another, why may not those, which I have conferred upon myself?

7. We are by Nature most studious, and most desirous of honorable Probity: of which, when we behold, as it were, the Splendor, what is there we would not do, or suffer, that we might enjoy it?

Exosus, perosus, pertæsus, &c.

THESE three Participles, exosus, perosus, and pertææsus, having an Active Signification, govern an Accusative Case.

1. Many times we hate a Man for doing that very Thing, which we should hate him for, on the other side, if he did it not.

2. O ye Almighty Powers! if ye hate not the Trojans to a Man, if your wonted Affection regards the Distress of Mortals, grant our Fleet may escape these Flames.

3. The common People had an Aversion to the Name of Consuls, as much as to that of Kings.