16

Pilgrims.-Welsh Surnames.

patience; and the other two hundred crowns in it, at least 150; viz. one hundred for the voyage, for it will cost every man so much, that hath regard of his life and welfare; the other fifty crowns are to keep him in sicknesse, or if any other misfortune may befall him. Fourthly, let him carry with him a warm suit of cloathes, to wear at his return in winter; likewise good store of shirts to. keep him clean from nastinesse and lice, with handkerchers, caps, drawers, towels, and other necessaries. Then let him go to Venice, for there he shall find the most commodious passage of any city in the world, there being every year on Ascension day & galiiasse assigned onely for the carrying of pilgrims and travellers thither; and although he shall finde other ships that will carry him cheaper, let him not abandon the galliasse; for it will be more safe and secure for him. Then let him agree with the captain of the gally, who will not demand above sixty crowns at the most of him, both for victuals, carrying, and re-carrying, excepting when he comes to shore, he must pay for his horsehyer, and the usual tribute to the Turks. Then let him make a little tent to lye in, buying a pallet to lye on, and other necessaries as he thinks fit. Also let him cary two small barrels, one of wine, another of water. Likewise let him buy Lombards cheese, sasages, neat's tongues, and other salt-meats of all sorts, white bisket, a small quantity of all sorts of sweetmeats, and above all, the sirrup of violets and green ginger preserved, for these will stand in great stead both by sea and land, with some preserve of roses. In the gally, let him get his lodging as near as he can in the middle, for if he have a weak head, there he will be lesse tost, and have more ayre. And after that he comes to land in Turkey, let him furnish himself with egges, chickens, bredd, sweat meets and fruites; for in this voyage he must be niggard of his purse. Let his apparell be decent and plain, and his purse somewhat free, with small gifts, both to the officers of the gallies, and his conductors by land: likewise let him beware he make no dispute nor conference touching religion, and let him be carefull he alwayes keep himself in the midst of the caravan of pilgrims, and let him change all his money into Venetian gold and silver at Venice, before his departure thence, which coyn and no other is passable: and with the foresaid sum he may go and return to Venice (God willing) in the same gally,"

It may be remarked that this is probably a literal version from some foreign publication. Indeed as much is confessed in the following Advertisement printed on a fly-leaf opposite the title of the volume:

"Courteous reader, thou wilt in this mappe meet with some Popish insertions of

[July,

ridiculous reliques, and superstitious pilgrimages, &c. which I thought not fit to expunge, lest I should falsifie the truth of a translation, so I presume no judicious reader will imagine, but to name them only is a sufficient confutation of them."

To some enterprizing countryman of the ancient faith, Mr. Wadsworth's directions may still be of service, as it is not many days since the following advertisement appeared in a French paper::

"A pious person, who has made a vow is prevented by ill-health, offers 25,000 to go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but

francs to any one who would undertake this

journey with purely religious intentions. It
is thought proper to make known that no
person will be accepted who is under forty
years of age, and who is not of a robust
constitution, so as to leave no doubt upon
his fulfilment of the vow. The individual,
who would undertake this journey, must en-
gage to do it on foot and barefoot, to enter
no inn, tavern, or hotel, and to receive on
his way his lodging and food of but pious
persons alone. He will be forbidden to em-
bark in France, and must proceed by Lyons
and Chamberry; cross the Alps; go to
Rome, where he will perform some religious
practices; continue by La Romagna and the
March of Ancona; and embark at some
port of Calabria for Joppa or St. John
His return must also be effected in the same
d'Acre, from whence he will go to Jerusalem.
manner. Apply, by sealed letters to X., at
the Memorial office, Douay."
Yours &c.

J. B.

MR. URBAN, July 22. SHOULD be glad to know the Names, which I'am about to notice. reason of a peculiarity in Welsh A great number, I believe the majoriprincipality, are formed from names of ty, of the surnames of persons in the Davis,) Evans, Hughes, James, Johns, baptism, as Adams, Davids, (written Jones, Richards, Thomas, &c. &c. Now it is observable that these are in the plural number, except such as end with an S. as James and Thomas. Some Welsh names however, are in the singular number, as Morgan, Owen, and a few others. And if Ap is pre Evan, Ap Hugh, Ap Rice, Ap Richard, fixed, the names are singular, as Ap generally written Bevan, Pugh, Price, and Prichard. The Scotch have Adain, The cause of using the plural number John, Harry, &c. but in the singular. in so many Welsh names is what I wish to learn.

A CONSTANT Reader.

1827.]

Padstow Church, Cornwall.

PADSTOW CHURCH.
(With a Plate.).

WITH

Mr. URBAN, July 1. 7ITH the exception of some favoured specimens, Cornwall must relinquish to other counties the precedence in curious ecclesiastical edifices. The character of its Gothic architecture is more remarkable for severe simplicity and imposing proportions than for elaborate elegance of workmanship. Much of originality, however, arrests the attention of the antiquary in the Churches of Cornwall. Of these the one at Padstow, dedicated to St. Petroc, certainly possesses this claim; and the writer considers that a short account of its construction may, with propriety, be added to the communications connected with that place and its vicinity which have appeared in your Magazine.

In the contemplation of ancient edifices the mind naturally first recurs to the time of erection. In determining this period, the classification of styles, although correctly adapted to the majority of examples, must necessarily in some instances be qualified and enlarged. The Norman for 124 years, from 1065 to 1189, the early English for 118 years, from 1189 to 1307, the Decorated for from 70 to 85 years, from 1307 to 1392, and the Perpendicular for 169 years, from 1377 to 1546, have been enumerated as the four dis tinguishing characteristics of English architecture. Of the two last styles the line of separation cannot in all cases be ascertained with distinctness; indeed, specimens of Gothic windows have not unfrequently been found where the same structure embodies the character of both. Under such circum stances dates are very indefinitely attainable, and this difficulty is increased by the various repairs and renewals, more particularly of windows, which may have repeatedly taken place, and which render at times acute discrimination requisite in detecting the incongruities of the edifice. It may be remarked, that throughout the interesting progress of the English styles, a slow but perceptible approximation is evinced from the massive construction of the Norman to the graceful combi

Some particulars relating to the Church have been before noticed in the Gent. Mag, for 1825, i, 320. ii. 410; and 1826, ii. 305. GENT. MAG. July, 1827.

17

nations and admirable perfections of later ages.

The Decorated English style before alluded to is principally exemplified in the Church of Padstow. One of the northern entrances is formed of hollow mouldings deeply recessed, with dripstone supported by corbels of fourleaved flowers. The buttresses are of three stages, with plain moulded set-offs. The side windows of the north aisle of the chancel are of four lights, the mullions feathered with cinque-foiled arches, and rich flowing tracery above, interspersed with cusps, trefoils, and quatrefoils. The interior consists of a lofty nave, chancel, and side aisles, separated by piers composed of four shafts of slender proportions, about two-fifths engaged, with a fillet or bold hollow nearly as large between each, and the whole supporting light pointed drop arches. The capitals are profusely ornamented with roses, quatrefoils, and a great variety of spreading foliage. The area forms a parallelogram of ninety-six feet by fifty-four. A rood-loft supporting an organ, formerly extended across the Church, the approach to which by stone steps in the wall of the north aisle still remains. Two fine piers supporting an arch formerly separated the south aisle of the chancel from the Church, which was probably appropriated as a Chapel, and perhaps erected by the Naufan family, whose arms are found on the exterior. The arch, however, was re moved some years since with the same blind recklessness which introduced modern windows, dismantled the battlements, and otherwise disfigured detached parts of the building. The catacluse font, the piscina, and the pulpit, have been noticed in former articles. It is submitted, that the two former should be classed among early English architecture, and not, as some authorities have stated, to a former period; for it is manifestly erroneous to refer to early Norman times the elaborate style in which the font is finished. A portion of the walls, and some of the piers in the northern aisle, judg ing from the decomposition of the stone, appear to claim even greater antiquity than the south aisle of the chancel. The writer conceives, that the eastern window of this part with cinquefoiled arches to the lights and quatrefoiled tracery, together with those along the northern side of the

Padstow Church, Cornwall.