ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, IN WHICH THE ELEMENTS OF THAT SCIENCE ARE FAMILIARLY EXPLAINED, AND ADAPTED TO THE COMPREHENSION OF YOUNG PUPILS. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. BY THE AUTHOR OF CONVERSATIONS ON CHEMISTRY, AND IMPROVED BY APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS, FOR THE EXAMINATION OF SCHOLARS; ALSO BY Flustrative Notes, AND A DICTIONARY OF PHILOSOPHICAL TERMS. BY REV. J. L. BLAKE, A. M. Rector of St. Matthew's Church, and Principal of a Literary Seminary, BOSTON STEREOTYPE EDITION. BOSTON: GOULD, KENDALL & LINCOLN. SUCCESSORS TO LINCOLN & EDMANDS. AND SOLD BY THE PRINCIPAL BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 1835. District Olerk's Office. BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the fourth day of December, A. D. 1824, in the forty-ninth year of the independence of the United States of America, JOHN LAURIS BLAKE, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: "Conversations on Natural Philosophy, in which the elements of that science are familiarly explained, and adapted to the comprehension of young pupils. Illustrated with plates. By the author of Conversations on Chemistry. and Cou versations on Political Economy. Improved by appropriate Questions, for the examination of Scholars; also by Illustrative Notes, and a Dictionary of Philosophical Terms. By J. L. BLAKE, A. M. Rector of St. Matthew's Church, and Principal of a Literary Seminary, Boston, Mass." In Conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, “An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned;" and also to an Act, entitled "An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned: and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical, and other prints." This fascinating and familiar treatise on Natural Philosophy has probably contributed more to excite, in the minds of the young, a fondness for studying the science, than all other works together. The easy, natural, and striking illustrations, with which it abounds, awaken a deep interest, and rivet the attention of the pupil. This edition has been introduced into the Female Department of the Publick Schools in Boston, with the happiest effect. Instructers have assured the publishers, that no study is pursued with equal gratification to the scholars. From numerous testimonials, the following recommendation is selected: From the Rev. Jasper Adams, D.D., Principal and Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, in Charleston College, South Carolina. "I have been highly gratified with the perusal of your edition of Conversations on Natural Philosophy. The Questions, Notes and Explanations of Terms are valuable additions to the work, and make this edition superior to any other with which I am acquainted. I shall recommend it wherever I have opportunity." Charleston, Jan. 10, 1826. M3 PREFACE. 1835 EDUC. PSYCH. LIBRARY THE following work does not probably contain so much of the science of Natural Philosophy as might be crowded into a volume of equal size, on some different plan. The author seems to have been influenced chiefly by other considerations; and, in the opinion of the editor, with the most happy success. Mrs. Marcet did not profess to prepare a work suited to the highest stages of education. Her aim was to accommodate an important science to the literary taste and intellectual apprehensions of persons, within whose reach Natural Philosophy had not previously been placed-to accommodate to the use of schools generally a science, which had hitherto been considered too abstruse and uninteresting for any, whose minds had not been disciplined and invigorated by long and regular habits of study. Instead of exhausting the intellectual energies of youth in committing to memory definitions and mathematical demonstrations, which would not be understood, she proposed to illustrate the great principles of Natural Philosophy by comparisons of the most familiar kind; and, it is believed, Mrs. Marcet has done more, in this way, towards giving youth a taste for the study of philosophy than all others who have published treatises on the subject. In her preface she remarks:-" It is with increased diffidence that the author offers this little work to the publick. The encouraging reception which the Conversations on Chemistry and Political Economy have met with has induced her to venture on publishing a short course on Natural Philosophy. They are intended, in a course of elementary science, to precede the Conversations on Chemistry, and were actually written previous to either of her other publications." The Conversations on Natural Philosophy were introduced into the editor's Seminary about three years since, then at Concord, N. H.; but it was soon found that his pupils were often embarrassed in not knowing to what particular parts they were chiefly to direct the attention, committing to memory what was not necessary and omitting what was, thereby causing great loss of time as well as of improvement. This induced him to prepare, as they were needed, day after day, Questions for their examination. When questions were thus prepared upon the whole work, it was |