ley's Life of Paley, ed. 2, 54 seq., 66 seq., 95, 103, 106, 108, 109, 116, 117, 124 seq., 189). See also Kenrick's Life of Wellbeloved 157; Ann. Biogr. 1819, 447; 1832, 383, 413; Gent. Mag. 1810, 294 a, 380. There is a witty repartee of his in Europ. Mag. L. 343.

The sixth son Edw., ld. Ellenborough, was senior medallist in 1771, 5 members' prizeman in 1773, fellow of Peterhouse (Life in Ann. Biogr. 1819, 444 sq. See also Foss Judges; Meadley's Life of Paley 59, 189, 201, 203, 210; Brydges' Autobiogr. I. 293 seq., 370, 410. On his Latinised phraseology and northern accent, Ann. Biogr. 1825, 58). Of his second son Chas. Ewan Law, long member for the university, there 10 is a portrait in the combination room, and a biographical notice in Mr Yate's MS.

His son Geo. Hen., fell. Qu., became bp. of Chester, and died 22 Nov. 1845. Sec Biogr. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816; Brydges' Autobiogr. 1. 293; Gent. Mag. LXXXVIII. (2) 3; 1787, 745a; Dec. 1860, 15 674 b; Carlisle's Grammar Schools 1. 169; Cassan's Bishops of Bath and Wells II. 173*.

His eighth son Thos., of the Indian civil service, was led by admiration for gen. Washington to invest in houses in the city of that name nearly all his fortune; where he died 1835 æt. 78 (Ann. Biogr. 1835, 20 435, 436).

One of his daughters married Sir Thos. Rumbold, 'one of our Indian mushrooms' (Walpole's Letters VII. 360).

For Law's works see Darling, Lowndes, and Bodl. and Brit. Mus. catalogues; Meadley's Life of Paley, ed. 2, 362 n.

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The first was the translation of abp. Wm. King's Latin essay on the origin of evil, with notes and various additions. First ed. 1729; 2nd Lond. 1731; 3rd Cambr. 1739; 4th Cambr. 1758; 5th Cambr. 1781. Some editions contain King's sermon on predestination, which was answered by Ant. Collins, and has been annotated by abp. Whately. 30 Tyers writes (Nichols Lit. Anecd. VIII. 100): 'The Bishop of Carlisle, in a preface to his late new edition [1781] of his translation of Abp. King's Origin of Evil (in opposition to Warburton, who, while on a visit at Cambridge, was ready to quarrel on the subject) asserts, that Bolingbroke extracted the scheme of the best from the book of 35 the Abp.;... and that Lord Bathurst told him he had seen these collected notions in the hand-writing of that Lord, lying by the side of Pope, when he was writing the Essay on Man.'

In the notes many metaphysical subjects, curious and interesting in their nature, are treated of with great ingenuity, learning and 40 novelty. To this work was prefixed, under the name of a Preliminary Dissertation, a very valuable piece written by Mr [John] Gay of Sidney college. Our bishop always spoke of this gentleman in terms of the greatest respect. In the Bible, and in the writings of Locke, no man, he used to say, was so well versed' (Paley).

In 1734 he published at Cambridge An enquiry into the ideas of space, time, immensity and eternity, in answer to Jo. Jackson and Sam. Clarke. This is now very scarce.

In 1735, in conjunction with John Taylor and others he brought

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out Roberti Stephani Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Ed. nova prioribus multo auctior et emendatior. Lond. Sam. Harding. 4 vols. fol. 1735. The arrangement is very clear; large paper copies, convenient for the annotator, are scarce (Nichols Lit. Anecd. 11. 65, IV. 494).

His most successful work, Considerations on the state of the world with regard to the theory of religion, Cambr. 1745. Svo. afterwards called Considerations on the theory of religion, was reprinted Cambr. 1749, '55, '65, '74; 7th ed. Carlisle 1784; reprinted by his son Geo. Hen., bp. of Chester, Lond. 1820. A note (p. 467 ed. 1820): 'Dr Beattie... appears throughout, like some others of his countrymen, entirely devoted to the old doctrine of abstract immaterial substances and their immutable identity, of innate senses, implanted instincts etc., for want probably of having read anything written lately on the present subject, which might, I apprehend, lead them to a more just and natural way of philosophising'; gave great offence to Beattie (Sir Wm. Forbes Life of Beattie, Lond. 1824, I. 326, 343).

At the meeting in the Feathers Tavern against subscription 1772 (Hor. Walpole's Last Journ. 1. 8): The son of Dr. Law, Bishop of Carlisle, and another of his relations, attended their meeting, which demonstrated the Bishop's opinions, though he had not resolution enough to declare himself openly.'

18 Jan. 1774 (ibid. 296): About this time Dr. Law.. had the honesty to write against subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, so popishly upheld by the rest of his brethren.'

Law's pamphlet, Considerations on the propriety of requiring a Subscription to Articles of Faith, recommended a further reformation and a more complete toleration of religious opinions. It was published anonymously at Cambridge Jan. 1774, repr. at London with additions in Apr. 1774. An Answer to the considerations, also anonymous, but known to be written by Dr. Tho. Randolph, was published at the Clarendon press in May. In June 'a friend of religious liberty' published A defence of the considerations . . in reply to a late answer from the Clarendon press (Meadley's Life of Paley, ed. 21, 91–94). This is reprinted in Paley's Sermons and Tracts and in the appendix to Meadley's Life of Paley, ed. 1. It was Paley's first publication. He justly says of the persecuted methodists (Meadley 13): 'It is objected to the articles, ... that they are at variance with the actual opinions both of the governors and members of that church; so much so, that the men who most faithfully and explicitly maintain these articles, get persecuted for their singularity, excluded from orders, driven from universities, and are compelled to preach the established religion in fields and conventicles.' The conclusion (p. 45) is in Paley's best style: Was the man who attacks a flourishing establishment writes with a halter round his neck, few ever will be found to attempt alterations but men of more spirit than prudence, of more sincerity than caution, of warm, eager and impetuous tempers;.. consequently, if we are to wait for improvement till the cool, the calm, the discreet part of mankind begin it, till church governors solicit, or ministers of state propose it, I will venture to pronounce that (without His inter

position with whom nothing is impossible) we may remain as we are till the renovation of all things.'

In 1777 Law published a handsome edition of Locke in 4 vols. 4to, with additional pieces, a life and preface. 'Locke's writings and character he held in the highest esteem, and seems to have drawn from 5 them many of his own principles' (Paley). He declined to purchase certain papers of Cudworth's, found in lord Masham's library at Otes, which were offered to him as Locke's (Nichols Lit. Anecd. IX. 276).

On 10 Feb. 1785 Paley dedicated to Law his Principles of Morality and Politics (Meadley 126), afterwards called Principles of Moral and 10 Political Philosophy. No vulgar flattery is heard in words like these: 'A long life spent in the most interesting of all human pursuits-the investigation of moral and religious truth, in constant and unwearied endeavours to advance the discovery, communication, and success, of both; a life so occupied, and arrived at that period which 15 renders every life venerable, commands respect by a title which no virtuous mind will dispute, which no mind sensible of the importance of these studies to the supreme concernments of mankind will not rejoice to see acknowledged. Whatever difference, or whatever opposition, some who peruse your Lordship's writings may perceive between 20 your conclusions and their own, the good and wise of all persuasions will revere that industry, which has for its object the illustration or defence of our common Christianity. Your Lordship's researches have never lost sight of one purpose, namely, to recover the simplicity of the Gospel from beneath that load of unauthorized additions, which 25 the ignorance of some ages, and the learning of others, the superstition of weak, and the craft of designing men, have (unhappily for its interest) heaped upon it. And this purpose, I am convinced, was dictated by the purest motive; by a firm, and I think a just opinion, that whatever renders religion more rational, renders it more credible; 30 that he who, by a diligent and faithful examination of the original records, dismisses from the system one article which contradicts the apprehension, the experience, or the reasoning of mankind, does more towards recommending the belief, and, with the belief, the influence of Christianity, to the understandings and consciences of serious inquirers, 35 and through them to universal reception and authority, than can be effected by a thousand contenders for creeds and ordinances of human establishment.' And then, after speaking of the reformers, who by rejecting transubstantiation ‘exonerated Christianity of a weight which sunk it', Paley continues: 'I mean, by calling to mind those great 40 reformers of the public faith, to observe, or rather to express my own persuasion, that to restore the purity, is most effectually to promote the progress, of Christianity; and that the same virtuous motive which hath sanctified their labours, suggested yours. At a time when some men appear not to perceive any good, and others to suspect an evil 45 tendency, in that spirit of examination and research which is gone forth in Christian countries, this testimony is become due, not only to the probity of your Lordship's views, but to the general cause of intellectual and religious liberty.'

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Three letters from Law to Dr Henley (Sale Catal. of Dawson Turner's MSS. no. 229); a letter written 1743 (ibid. 679). A letter to Tho. Robinson, Peterhouse 10 Dec. 1755 in Nichols Lit. Anecd. VIII. 399.

Paley's life of Law first appeared in Hutchinson's Cumberland; it is reprinted in Meadley's Life of Paley, ed. 2, 355–366, in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, in Chalmers, in Nichols' Lit. Anecd. II. 65—69 and before Law's Considerations on the Theory of Religion, ed. Lond. 1820. Disney's anonymous reprint, 'with curious notes', Lond. 1800, I have not seen (Meadley ibid. 146; Ann. Biogr. 1818, 73). There are memoirs in Gent. Mag. 1787, 744, 834, and in Jefferson's Carlisle, 423. See also Ann. Reg. XVI. 91]; XVII. 95]; XVIII. 30; XXIX. 237; LI. 776.

RL. RICHMOND, bp of Sodor and Man. Consecrated 1773.

See Ann. Reg. xv. 163]; XVI. 75]; XXIII. 249].

Son of Rev. Sylvester R., born at Walton near Liverpool, educated at Chesterfield school under Burrow, entered pensioner 19 June 1746, æt. past 19, under Powell. LL.B. 1752, LL.D. 1758. His father was rector of Walton.

He lived in a most expensive and shewy manner at College, borrowing of everybody that would lend. He was of a cheerful, gay conversation, and exercised over his companions an influence which seemed more like magic than the effects of friendship. . . . The first man that ever used a sedan chair to carry him to church, when he preached, as a great favour, for any of his acquaintance... He was a well-made, shewy person, and used to go always full dressed.' He would say, when leaving Cambridge 'Now sweet-breads will sink 2d. a-piece.' He was 'as pompous and prelatical, magnificent and episcopal, in his little diocese, with his purple coat and silk cassock, and his equipage suitable, as any bishop in Christendom.'

In 1780, being then 'grown enormously fat and unwieldy, but immensely pompous', he went to Matlock, 'purposely to eat trout' (Cole in Ackerman's Cambridge, II. 115, 116).

Butler's Memoirs of Bp. Hildesley, 318: Richmond was 'said to have been an eloquent preacher'.

He was vicar of Walton-on-the-Hill, chaplain to the duke of Athol; nominated bp. of Sodor and Man 23 Jan. 1773, confirmed 5 and consecrated 14 Febr. Died in Cecil Street Strand 4 Febr. 1780, buried in St Mary le Strand (Ackerman; Notes and Queries, ser. 3. V. 173; Hardy's Le Neve III. 328).

Jas. Wilks complains of his injustice 21 Febr. 1774 (Nichols Lit. Illustr. 1v. 692).

Wesley's Journal 1 June 1777: 'Mr Corbett said, he would gladly have asked me to preach, but that the bishop had forbidden him; who had also forbidden all his clergy to admit any methodist preacher to the Lord's Supper. But is any clergyman obliged, either in law or conscience, to obey such a prohibition? By no means, the will even

of the king does not bind any English subject, unless it be seconded by an express law; How much less the will of a bishop. "But did you not take an oath to obey him?" No: nor any clergyman in the three kingdoms. This is a mere vulgar error. Shame that it should prevail almost universally.'

JOHN Ross, bp. of Exeter. Consecrated 1778.

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Only son of Jo. Rosse, attorney at law, born at Ross in Herefordshire 25 June 1719, at Hereford school under Willim, adm. pensioner 18 Apr. 1737 æt. 18 under Dr Williams (Register of admissions ; Britton's Cathedr. of Exeter). Somerset scholar of the 3rd foundation 10 22 June 1737. B.A. 1741, M.A. 1744, B.D. 1751, D.D. 1756. Lector matutinus 1744; lector Græcus in aula 1745; examinator in philosophia 1746; in rhetorica 1747; orator pro domina Frind 1747; lector mathemat. in arithmet. 1748 (Ross for the first time); steward 1756; sen. dean 1757; 'concionator in festum Sti. Michaelis' 15 26 Sept. 1760; lector principalis and lector Græcus in aula 1763; lector Græcus in sacello 1767 and 1768.

In 1748 Ross, when taxor, made an attempt to revive declamations, which had no other result than the expulsion of Christ. Anstey (Cooper's Ann. IV. 261; abp. Herring's Letters, 1779, 113). Sam. Denne 20 to Ri. Gough 10 Febr. 1799 (Nichols Lit. Illustr. VI. 759): 'Proctor [Wm.] Ridlington was as rigid and perverse in his office as any man who ever traversed the theatre with his book and gold chain, and.. had for his Deputy or Moderator the martinet Ross. What a contest did these reformers stir up by a vain attempt to make the disputations 25 and the declamations of the Bachelors what they termed a serious exercise! an opposition to which subjected the author of the Bath Guide to a suspension "ab omni gradu suscepto et suscipiendo."' In 1752 he was a candidate for the oratorship, but was defeated by Jo. Skynner of St John's by 85 votes to 75 (Nichols Lit. Anecd. IX. 30 487).

In 1757 he was appointed preacher of the Rolls, though Warburton (Letters 15 Oct. and 2 Nov., pp. 238, 239, ed. 1809) used all his influence for Hurd.

King's chaplain 1757; presented in 1760 to the vicarage of Frome 35 Selwood Som. (which he retained to his death), by lord Weymouth, who, when lord lieut. of Ireland, had appointed him his chaplain (Nichols Lit. Anecd. II. 185). Presented to the twelfth stall at Durham 8 Mar. 1769, which he resigned on his promotion to Exeter (Hardy's Le Neve III. 320). On 25 Apr. 1777 Hurd writes (Life by Kilvert 40 131): Dr Ross will certainly, I believe, be the next bishop.' Confirmed bp. of Exeter 23 Jan. 1778, appointed same day to the archdeaconry then usually held by the bp., and to a prebend; consecrated 25 Jan. 1778 (Hardy 1. 382, 396, 431; Stubbs 120).

On Sunday 18 Aug. 1782 he was honoured with John Wesley's 45 company (Journal): 'I was much pleased with the decent behaviour of the whole congregation at the cathedral; as also with the solemn music at the post-communion, one of the finest compositions I ever