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him. This is certainly not true of Mr. Grimshawe, Mr. Nevile, or of the Author of the Appeal. They have answered his Lordship with great force, great manliness, but with perfect respect.'

The whole article is as remarkable for wisdom as for wit.

A defence of the established church, from the categories in the tail of the new comet, called the Council of Ten,' that has arisen upon the land; from the ignis fatuus of a Northern Incumbent;' from the Aurora Borealis of the 'Edinburgh Review;' and from a pamphlet, entitled, 'Episcopal Innovation,' etc. all against the bishop of Peterborough; and also, from the rays of criti10 cism darted upon the bishop of London by one of the same great lights, which reflects upon itself with perfect elasticity. By Alma Lux. 1823. 8vo. 38. [Christ. Remembr. v. 125 b].

A letter to the right reverend Herbert, lord bishop of Peterborough, lady Margaret's professor of divinity in the university of Cambridge, on the inde15 pendence of the Authorized Version of the Bible. By Henry Walter, B.D. and F.R.S. fellow of St. John's college, Cambridge; professor in the East India college, Herts; and chaplain to his grace the duke of Northumberland. London: printed for J. Hatchard and Son, 187, Piccadilly; and J. Nicholson, Cambridge, 1823. 8vo. pp. 152.

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Pp. 1, 2 Whilst I enjoyed the advantage of attending your Lectures, a painful impression was forced upon me; that I must, for the future, cease to view the authorized Version of the Bible in a higher light than as a secondary translation. Perhaps, however, that impression (heightened as it was by a peculiar and very skilful adjustment of emphasis, adding force to 25 the arguments which your words convey) might be stronger than your Lordship intended. It was the combined effect of your language and manner, which induced me to believe, that Tyndal, instead of translating directly from the original Scriptures, did but compile a version from the Latin Vulgate, and the German of Luther's Bible; and that our present 30 authorized Version had not been sufficiently purified, from the effect of this transmission of the original through Luther, to deserve the character of an independent translation. This prejudice adhered to me, with all the weight of your authority, till the practice of reading the Hebrew Pentateuch with Luther's translation, the Vulgate and the Septuagint in adjoining columns, 35 and with the English Bible, of course, at hand, forced upon my attention the fact, that almost every verse afforded satisfactory proof of the independence of the authorized Version.' Walter then (pp. 3-7) cites a passage from Marsh's 14th lecture, in which he recommends a revision of the authorized version. He then argues for the originality of the received version, 40 from the directions to the translators and from their preface (pp. 15-21); from Selden's testimony (pp. 22, 23). He next goes into much detail about Tyndal's, Coverdale's and the other early Bibles; shews (pp. 37, 92, 103, 105, 131, 132, 143), that Marsh has relied on Ant. Johnson's tract, and on Macknight; proves that Tyndal was acquainted both with Greek and 45 Hebrew; while he allows that Coverdale's was a secondary version. Throughout he speaks of Marsh with the utmost deference: (p. 63) 'your Lordship is so well known to be thoroughly master of the German language;' (p. 68) 'such a course of Lectures as yours, comprehends the result of too much reading to allow of giving references in proof of every assertion.' Cf.

pp. 130, 131. Pp. 133, 134: But the respect due to your Lordship, and the weight of your authority, made it both improper and unlikely that I should obtain credit, had I met any statements which had received your sanction, with direct assertions of an opposite nature. ... Aware of the responsibility which I incur by publishing my opinion that you have been 5 mistaken, my principal anxiety has been to state the truth in the best manner for securing its acceptance; and yet, to let no argument escape my pen, of a description inconsistent with that sincere respect' &c.

To his Lectures on the criticism etc., Cambr. 1828, Marsh has added an appendix, pp. 16, 'containing observations relative to the second Lecture 10 on the Interpretation of the Bible.'

P. As the avowed object of that Lecture was to recommend the study of the Scriptures in the original languages, and the remarks which were made on our English translations were introduced only for the purpose of promoting that desirable object, I did not expect, that those remarks would 15 be selected as matter of special animadversion. And I was the less prepared for such an attack, because I spake of our authorised version, in terms of the highest possible respect.' In p. 3 he confesses that he followed Johnson. Pp. 2, 3: When I had represented our authorised version as being as faithful a representation of the original Scriptures as could then be 20 formed, I did not expect that any adversary, however zealous, would endeavour to shew, that I represented the same version as a 'compilation of second-hand translations. In pp. 4 seq. he proves the dependence of Tyndal upon Luther, by the chronological order of his versions, his arrangement of the epistles and chapters, his translation of Luther's pref. 25 to Rom., and his version of a few passages. His proof from the Germanisms in Tyndal's versions is very weak, being founded on phrases like 'therefore speak I,' 'so ordain I,' 'yet shew I,' where the nominative follows the verb. The proof of Tyndal's ignorance of Hebrew does not go beyond general presumptions, and the opinions of Ant. Johnson, abp. 30 Newcome and Dr. Gray.

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A second letter to the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, on the independence of the authorised version of the Bible. By Henry Walter B.D. intended as a reply to the additional arguments in the appendix to his Lordship's lately published lectures. London, Hatchard, 1828. 8vo. pp. 54. Dated East 35 India College, June 2d, 1828.

P. 2: 'I ventured to express a suspicion, that for some of those depreciatory details [respecting our English version] your lordship must have trusted to a paper, in Bishop Watson's collection of tracts, by Anthony Johnson; whose inaccuracy made him quite unworthy of your confidence. 40 In this suspicion, a note to your Appendix informs me I was not mis

taken.'

Pp. 4-28. On Tyndal's dependence on Luther. In pp. 23, 24, Walter shews that the position of the nomin. pron. after the verb is common in Tyndal's original works, in Chaucer, and in Anglo-Saxon, and therefore is 45 no 'Germanism;' also that Tyndal often places the pronoun after the verb, where in Luther it comes before the verb (pp. 23—26).

Pp. 28-36. Tyndal's knowledge of Hebrew.

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ΙΟ

Pp. 36-47. Luther not entirely dependent on the Vulgate for the meaning of Hebrew words.

Pp. 47-54. Marsh mistaken in supposing Walter to be opposed to a revision of the English version, or to the study of the Bible in the original.

A charge delivered at the visitation in July, 1823. By Herbert, lord bishop of Peterborough. London: printed for C. and J. Rivington. 1823. pp. 23. Dedicated to the clergy of the diocese, at whose request it was printed.

Thanks for the support of the great body of the clergy and by the laity.

Where there is but one service, one half the day will be spent at best in the meeting-house. The poverty of some livings, which has been lately increased by that general distress, from which no class of men has suffered so severely as the Clergy, affords too frequently an excuse for single duty, that some additional engagement may supply the comforts, and sometimes 15 even the necessaries of life.'

'There are now about twenty Churches in this Diocese provided with two services, and some of them with two Sermons, which had only single duty, when I first addressed you.'

Excellence of the Liturgy; a guide in matters of practice as of faith. 20 Need of care and solemnity in reading it.

'The Legislature has in vain provided for uniformity of doctrine in the prayers of the Church, if every individual Clergyman may inculcate what doctrine he pleases by the use of hymns.'

Morality and doctrine must go together in sermons. 'If we determine 25 to preach on difficult and abstruse subjects (which is not often advisable before unlearned congregations) we must never forget to explain their practical consequences.' Disputations in Latin on free will, original sin, and predestination, led to no practical mischief. But a preacher must beware of so explaining God's decrees 'as to encourage the confident hypo30 crite and drive modest virtue to despair. Let him represent the Deity as a kind and merciful Father, not as a relentless Tyrant.' The 17th article shews men how they may discover, whether they are predestined to eternal happiness or not. . . . If we do not walk religiously in good works, we produce no evidence, that upon us the Spirit has worked in due season,. 35 that we are called according to God's purpose.'

'But if the working of God's Holy Spirit is determined by any other means than by the effects which it produces, if we are not satisfied with feeling the operation of the Holy Spirit by its influence on our outward conduct, but expect to discover some secret calling by an operation felt 40 within ourselves, we have recourse to a criterion, which may be fatal, either in this life, or in the life to come.'

The bishops' visitations are synodal, not parochial, and are holden once in three years. Synodal visitations are holden in the other two years by the archdeacons, who also visit the parishes. In a diocese containing 45 nearly 400 parishes, and only one archdeaconry, the labour of parochial visitation is excessive.

'For these reasons I have revived in this Diocese, as I did in the Diocese of Llandaff, the ancient order of Rural Deans.' The rural deaneries have

been subdivided, so that the number of parishes in each division varies in general from 10 to 15. The 26 rural deans 'reside each of them within the division to which they are appointed. The Parishes, therefore, which are subjected to their inspection, are all within an easy distance from their own homes.'

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"The Answers of the Rural Deans, in the Schedule of Queries proposed to them, describe the state of the Churches, with particular reference to the walls, the roof, the pavement, the windows and doors, the pulpit and desk, the font, the pews, the bells, and the various articles which are necessary for Divine Service. They observe, whether the Churches receive IO any injury from the want of proper ventilation, from accumulations of earth on the outside, or from improper modes of carrying off the water from the roof... The condition of the Churchyards, the condition of the Glebe Houses, the preservation of the Parish Register, the state of the Parochial Schools, have likewise been carefully examined.' The clergy and pa- 15 rishioners have, often at considerable expense, carried out the repairs recommended by the rural deans.

'No Bishop can indeed expect, even when the whole of his time, and the whole of his care, is devoted to the welfare of his Diocese, that he should never meet with unpleasant occurrences. But such occurrences bear no 20 proportion to the numerous sources of satisfaction, which have been opened to me in the administration of this Diocese. I have been also fortunate in regard to Candidates for Holy Orders. They have been examined with uniform strictness: but not one of them have I had occasion to reject, since the time of my Primary Visitation. The examination of Curates has 25 been uniformly continued, as required by the 48th Canon. But a period of nearly two years has elapsed, since the examination so required has led to the refusal of a Curate's Licence.

'Such.. is the external and the internal condition of a Diocese, which has been represented as a theatre of discord and oppression... After an 30 experience of four years, the Clergy of this Diocese must generally know, that every representation which they have made to their Diocesan, has been received with due attention and respect; that complaints have never been disregarded, or grievances neglected; and that when opposite parties have been concerned, no endeavours have been wanting to act justly to 35 both... The duties now imposed on Bishops, are not only more numerous, but more arduous, than in former times. Every failure is attended with greater obloquy, and is recorded in Journals appropriated to that purpose.

'I wish for your sakes, my Reverend Brethren, that such reproaches went no further. But there is a propensity in the present age to under- 40 value the Clergy in general: and Bishops have no other distinction amid the general censure, than that which arises from superiority of station. So much the more important is it, my Reverend Brethren, that the Clergy should duly consider, how much their own welfare is connected with the welfare of their Bishops. We share alike in the reproaches which are made 45 to us, and I trust we share alike in not deserving them.

'There is one source of consolation, of which we must all avail ourselves. The very censure to which we are exposed, redounds not unfrequently to our praise. Propriety of manners, and a due attention to moral conduct,

is expected especially from the Clergy... And the attempts which are industriously made to propagate every failure on the part of the Clergy, shews rather a disposition to degrade the body at large, than to vindicate the cause of injured virtue. But unless the examples were rare, it would 5 be impossible, even with intentions the most hostile, to produce the desired effect. No surprise can be excited by that, which is frequent and habitual. Men wonder only when they find exceptions to the general rule. The very circumstance, therefore, that an offence committed by a Clergyman is more severely reprehended than in ordinary cases, shews, not only that greater 10 purity of conduct is expected from the Clergy, but that those expectations are in general fulfilled'.

The conduct of the bishop of Peterborough explained with respect to the rector and curate of Byfield. London: printed by R. Gilbert, St. John's Square. 1824. 8vo. pp. 131. [A copy is in St John's library, 4 30. 15 'The following pages are printed for the purpose of vindicating my conduct to those who are willing to read what is necessary for that purpose. But as the subject has too little interest for general readers, they are not intended for publication and sale. Herbert Peterborough. 30 November 1824.']

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P. 3: 'A pamphlet has lately been published containing copies of the Letters, which passed between Mr. Wetherell and myself, respecting the treatment of his Curate, with copies of other Letters and documents, which give to the pamphlet the appearance of official authority. [Foot-note. The publisher is G. Wilson: the editor is not named].' The question at issue 25 was (p. 4) whether a Curate nominated by an Incumbent, and licensed by the Bishop, could be dismissed by the Incumbent without the Bishop's consent.' Mr Wetherell had dismissed his curate, and the bishop (p. 5), as directed by 57 Geo. III. c. 99, issued a monition for the payment of the curate's stipend. Mr. Wetherell applied to the court of King's 30 Bench. By advising the curate to retire (p. 7) 'I should have saved myself a very heavy expense, as well as much additional vexation... But if I had given such advice, I should have abandoned a cause, which it was my duty to maintain. I advised therefore the Curate to remain at his post, till the Case had been argued in the Court of King's Bench.' A curate 35 from a neighbouring diocese usurped the desk and pulpit (p. 8). Marsh was advised by the new curate's diocesan, ld. Cornwallis, (p. 9) 'to insti tute a suit against the intruder. But being unwilling to bring a Case before my own Court, in which I was personally concerned, I instituted the suit, by Letters of Request from the Chancellor of the Diocese, in the Court of 40 the Archbishop at Doctors Commons.'

Chapter 1. pp. 11-41: 'Narrative of transactions respecting Mr. Wetherell and his curate from the 13th of November 1822 to the 18th of June 1823. On 13 Nov. 1822 Sam. Stanley Paris was licensed to Byfield curacy on the nomination of the rector, Charles Wetherell. Wetherell had 45 resided and done his own duty from his institution in 1819; but wanted a curate, partly to supply his place when absent on account of his wife's health, partly to help in the charge of the large parish. P. 12. Paris had held that baptism was a mere outward rite, and that regeneration took place at a later period of our lives. The bp. convinced him that baptismal