Eyanyar and Acharya are univocal terms, being the honorary tities or epithets given to the learned of the Trident-painted Bramhanas. * Tamil is the immediate corruption of the word Drawila, which was corrupted from Dramida, whofe original was Dravida, which in Sanferita fignifies that which is fluid. Hence Tamil is a figurative name for the Malabar language, for it is foft, and has no hard letters, fuch as occur in the Sanfcritta or Gentoo dialect. Now Tamil and Malabar are ufed as fynonymous. Tolcapeam is the most excellent, most antient, copious, and abftrufe grammar of the Tamil language. It is faid to be th production of a renowned faint, named Troonadhoomagne, who was brother to Paref ovama, on incarnation of Vishnoo, and a difciple to Aguitsa Malamoose, a Thamaturgus. Toolcappeam is a compound of Tool and Cappie; the foregoing word fignifies old, and the later implies the name of his family; which name, with the epithet Tol, he, by way of eminence, gave to his production. This voluminous grammar is divided into three grand parts, each being fubdivided into nine divifions, treating at large of orthography, etymology, fyntax, profody, &c. &c. There are three different commentaries upon this grammar, the third of which is preferable. Hence it clear that Mr. Craufund, in his Sketches refpe&ing the Indian Religion, was mifinformed when he afferts that Tolcappear was a Raja. Cariky is book prescribing rules for verification. A Nannool is a book which treats concifely on the speculative and practical parts of grammar. • Elachanavelackam is another book, of modern compofition, fpeaking of rules rela tive to letters, words, fignifications, poetry, and rhetorick. P Teroovalloovar, or Teroovalloovar-cooral, is a book of Hemiftic poems, remarkable for morals. This book is fo called from its author, Teroovalioovar; there is a learned commentary upon it, called Parimalalakaroore. Chintamancy is a book confiting of above 3000 stanzas, full of tropical and figurative beauties. This book relates to the hiftory of Jeevakafamy, one of the former kings of Jingas, or Booddhas, who are hereticks to the religions prefcribed by the Vedas, and the Siddauta Agamas. Here it is remarkable that fome confound Boodha, or its deriva tive Bouddha, with Boodha, and, in confequence, fancy that the Bouddhas were more antient than the Bramhanas; but they are grofily mistaken, for Boddha differs from Boodha both in word and fignification. The former fignifies that incarnation of Vithnoo which became the god of the hereticks; and the latter denotes Mercury, one of the heavenly planets. * Peria Poorana is a facred book, faid to have been written by an inspired man of calt, respecting the miraculous hiftories of fixty-three faints, of whom three fung hymns in praife of Seva and his holy places. Of thefe hymus, called Tenărăn, fome part is now extan. The book Peria Poorna confifts of 4000 franzas. ** Negandoo and Tevacaram are the well-known lexicons and nomenclatures of Tamil. ▾ Veyakarana and Tarkă are the fciences of grammar and logick. But Sanfire is a title of honour to the Bramhanas of the Smarta fect. This word literally fignifying a man of fcience, or of scientific knowledge, may be faid to be synonymous with Paudita, the corruption of which is Paudit, which imports the learned man. this word Paudit is now mifapplied, for there are numerous Bramhanas of the Marattá tribe, &c. here, who have affumed the title of Paudit, though they are illiterate. In like manner the word Raja, and its corruption, Royer, or Roy, are improperly ufed; for, the worthlefs Poligars bear the name of Raja, which literally fignifies King; and many perfons of mean fituations go by the name of Royer, or Rauv; therefore the learned Bramhanas of this place are ashamed to be styled Pand ts. * Siddanta G. ma is one of the two written Bibles of the Indians, and is of the fame authority with Veda, which is their oral Bible. It is divided into 28 fystems, named Caumika, Matanga, Kerana, &c. of which fome part is now extant; each tyitem is fubdivided into four brauches, viz. Gina, Kreya, Yoga, and Chiga. The first treats of the nature of the Supreme Being, of the foul, and of original principles. The fecond speaks of religious duties, diurnal and periodical; of facraments, ceremonies, and of the Urgy, a white magick, with which the temples are fan&tified; and of the images of deities, deified and worthiped a the temples of Seva, and throughout this peninfula. The third contains the art of contemplation; and the fourth that of expiation, &c. Thefe fyftems are fard to be the immediate productions of Seva, and are read both by Bramhanas and other claffes of people, who have received facraments thereby ordained. I am one of the adherents to thefe fyftems; the worshiping Bramhanas, who are attached to these, are ftyled Gooroocals, or priests. Thefe fyftems are unknown to the Northern Bramhanas, as well as thofe of this place (Madras), who read only the Vedas. The epithet Siddauta is prefixed to Agămă, in order to distinguish the faid 28 facred systems from the profane books of the hereticks, which are alfo called Agamas. By By Etchaufa is meant Mähâbărătă, confifting of above 100,000 poems, and alfo of Sevarahafya, of as many stanzas. Poorana is a written Bible of the Indians, which ferves as a commentary on the Vedas, and is read by the four claffes of the Indians. It is divided into 18 fyftems, named Scanda, &c.; four of Vithnoo and his holy place, &c.; two of Bramhana; one of the God pretiding over the Sun; and one of the God of Fire. Some of thefe Pooranas are now extant here, and others are faid to exift in Travencore, &c. Pooranas, in general, fpeak of five things; viz. Creation, Renovation, Periods of Maroos, and the Dynasty of Kings, and of their Hitories. Under the head of Creation, Chronology, Geography, &c. are at large treated of. T. MOOTIAM. Mr. URBAN, Newman-ftreet, Jan. 11. To O your in partial Magazine I commit plain narrative of facts, demonftrative of the part I have taken in the drawings of the "paintings and other curiofities" difcovered behind the wainfcot in St. Stephen's chapel, Weliminfier. Had I not learned that I had been fufpected by fome of oppofing the Antiquarian Society, I fhould fill with, Sir, to remain filent. It was on the 12th of Auguft, 1800, that the first intelligence was brought me of the difcovery of paintings, &c. in the Houfe of Commons. My friend Dr. Charles Gower, who was acquainted with my attachment to fuch fubjects, was the kind communicator. We went together to the fpot, and he fuggeted to me the propriety of making fac-fimiles of the originals to fcale, and of applying to the furveyor of the Board of Works, for his permiffion. Mr. James Wyatt was accordingly written to by me; which I repeated, owing to my receiving no anfwers to my former applications. I found out that Mr. Wyatt had met with an accident which confined him to his chamber, and that he was too ill for bufinefs. Fearing the lofs of time, and the confequent removal by injury to which thefe curiofities were liable, I fet about my drawings on the 14th of Auguft, and followed up my occupation for feverai days, not doubting but Mr. Wyatt's permiflion would arrive on his recovery. On one of thefe days, Mr. Groves, who fuperintended the works in the abfence of Mr. Wyatt, came up to me; to whom I explained my wifhes and my former applications, and from whom I obtained the permiflion I wanted, on condition that I would leave off at 9 o'clock in the morning, to prevent inconvenience to the work ' "As I have every reafon to fuppofe that the Antiquarian Society will con tinue their publication of St. Stephen's chapel, in confequence of what has lately been difcovered, I must beg of you (as I underfiand you have made feveral sketches upon the fpot) to defilt from proceeding any farther until you have fome authority for fo doing. "I hope you will not confider this ftep as any thing perfonal to yourfelf, as I fhall ftrictly obferve the fame line with refpect to every other perfon unconnected with the Society. I am, Sir, your obedient humble fervant, Sept. 24, 1800.- JAMES WYATT." To this letter I returned the following anfwer: "SIR, Sept. 25, 1800. "I fhall certainly obey your defire in difcontinuing my attendance at St. Stephen's chapel, which I can without any inconvenience to myfelf, as I have already drawn, in the moft full and fatisfactory manner, every particular of the valuable remains of painting and fculpture in that place. I have the honour to be, Sir, your moft obedient fervant, JOHN THOMAS SMITH. "P. S. Should the Society of Antiquaries be in want of the parts which are defiroved, I am the only perfon who has drawings of them." The Poftfcript to this letter was intended to fhew my power and inclination to fupply thofe loffes which the lapfe of time, or the removal of the parts, had occafioned; but, naturally, on the fair tems of remuneration for my time and trouble. No fuch application, however, has ever officially been made to me. ། called at my house, and left word (for I was from home) that Mr. Wyatt wanted me on the following morning to till up an architectural view of the South fide of the infide of the Houfe of Commons, with my drawings, to be laid before his Majeity. On the 20th, I accordingly called at Mr. Wyatt's, and was fhewn the drawing by Mr. Dixon, on which he was at work, in the prefence of feveral other draughtfmen; when it was agreed that 1 fhould be fent for as foon as the drawing was in fuflicient forwardnets. Juft at this ume too I received Mr. Wyatt's' permillion, through Mr. Dixon, to have any of the tiones, &c. that had been removed into Cotton-garden, brought back again into the Houte of Conmons, to enable me to add, if pollible, to the drawings I had already made. This was done, and the ftones were a fecond time configned to Cottongarden. IN the fecond lecture, vol. II. of Dr. Hunter's Sacred Biography, is the following paffage relative to the interpretation of the baker's and bu-ler's dreams by Jofeph while in Pharaoh's prifon: The reverend and learned author, having defcribed Jofeph's interpretation of the baker's and butler's dreams, pro Report ftates, that Mr. Dixon's_ceeds thms : drawing was finally prefented to the Society of Antiquaries without being filled up; as I was not applied to, although it had been agreed upon. Soon after the 24th of September, but certainly not before that date, an artift made drawings for the Society of Antiquaries of fuch things as might yet remain vitible; but for the fix weeks previous to this, during which time I had confiantly been there, large malles of flone were removed, others were much disfigured, and others totally defiroved. And now, Sir, having ftrictly fiatéd all the particulars, can any one truly charge ine with oppoling the Society of Antiquaries? As a convincing proof of the good-will of that learned body, I have 45 of its members on the lift of fubfcribers to my intended publication, which will make its appearance in a few months, JOHN THOMAS SMITH. "The chief butler, we may foppose, readily promifed foteph his heft services when he should be again restored to place and. power; but, like a true courtier, he thinks no more of his promile, nor of his fellowprifoner, after his own turn was ferved; fo felfish, fo thoughtless, fo ungrateful is man! Had he been under no perfonal obli gation to the young ftranger for his tender affidunties while in confinement, and for the agreeable and certain intelligence which he received from him, of his a, proaching deliverance, common humanity, awakened by the fimple tale of innocence and mitery which le had told, ought to have į romp'ed bis immediate and most eun-it exertions in his belialf; and yet he fuffers two full years to linger away without caring to refeet whether fuch a perfon ex ited or not; and, when he thinks of him at laft, it is not the generous recollection of kindnes and attachment, but the felfith remenbrance of coortly adulation, eager to gras tify his prince, not to rescue the talents of innocence and worth from unmerited op preflion-Pharaoh banged him: not for the offer ces which he had committed against his fovereign, but for his forgetful A logue in unita-asa is tion of the Pollio of Virgil, I was particularly ftruck with the advertisement prefixed to that admired performance. "In reading feveral paffages of the prophet Ifuah, which foretell the coming of Chrift, and the felicities attending it, 1 could not but obferve a remarkable parity between many of the thoughts and thofe in. the Pollio of Virgil. This will not feem bung up an object of de eft to and contempt to all generations of mankind.” If any of your correfpondents would · have the kindness to point out on what part of Scripture-hiftory Dr. Hunter's anecdote of the butler being hung by order of Pharaoh is grounded, it would be particularly fatisfactory to A CONSTANT READER. Mr. HE verfes, "Afk me no more," The Col. LXXII p. 924, b.), as. I now learn from a friend, are printed in Mr. Nichols's Collection, vol. I. p. 282, with the title of a "Song by Thomas Carew." The doubtful word powers," in vol. LXVIII. p. 472, is in Mr. Nichols "powders;" which, without quefiion, is the true reading, The fecond ftanza or quatrain in your volume ftands firft in Mr. Nichols's book; where alfo the two laft fianzas are wanting. There are a few verbal variations, as "blufhing" for "fading," &c. in which the preference probably will in general be given to the copy which was printed in your volume. Yours, &c. R. C. ROYAL AND NOBLE SCOTTISH LETTERS; from vol. LXXII. p. 1187 Letter X. from King James the VI of Scotland and I of England. XI. From the fame. To oure trufty and weil belovit Counfalo the Lard of Barnebarroche. Trufty and weil belovit counfalo, we greit zow hertly weill. The neceffitie of justice fa lang wifhet for be all our guid fubjectis, and the findrie comptis of our rentis reftand unmaid hes moved us be advife of our Counfall to appoint our feflioun and chekker to begin heir at Linly gow the fird day of Januar nix to cuni, defiring zow effectuullie that gif throw fchortnes of the tyme ze can uot keip the day preceiflie ze addres zow heir wall convenient diligence as 2 will declair zo guid affection to our fervice, and to the advancement of juftice and the common weill of our realine. And fa we committ zou to God. At Linly'gow the 14 day of December 1581. JAMES R. Feb. 2. Mr. URBAN, HE progrefs of the Fine Arts always marks the civility and ad T To oure richt trail freind the Laird of vancement of a people; and as that Barnbarrauch. RICHT trailt freind, we greit zow hertlie weill. We have lang differrit to burdene our fubjectis to travel! in perfoun for repreffing of ye infolence and lang continewit rebellion of ye Lord Maxwell, in hoip to have fettillit difordour before now. Bot finding his contempt increfling, and oure gude fubjectis eweift ye Weft bordour havelli oppreft be his treafon proceidingis. And yt maift unthankfullie be ye affiftance of our declairit traytor and rebellis expellit furthe of oure realme, and the brokkin men and thevis of ye bordours, he intendis ye further trouble of oure eftate. We intend, God willing, in proper perfon to repare to the bounds fa lang diforderit and oppreffit be him with a fufficient force of our faithfull and gude fubjećtis, and hes maid proclamationis to yt effect agane ye 22 day of October infant. Quarefoir we defyre zow effeetuuflie yt ze weill and fubftantionfly accumpancit with zo freinds, tennertis, and fervandis, and all yt ze may mak addres yow to meit us at Craufurd caftell ye faid 22 day with carriage and palzeonis to ly on the feildis provydit to accumpanie ws be ye pace of 30 dayes according to oure faidis proclamationis. As ze will do us fpeciall pleafors and gude fervice. Thus we com'itt yow to God. At Sterling yt fext day of OctoJAMES R. ber 1581. branch, in which the chiflel, with all the graces, confers more durability than the pencil, is the last to attain perfection, its various productions ought to be examined, recorded, and criticifed. The more Southern nations had long been accustomed to predict, that the climate of England was too cold for ftatuary; and it must be confelled, that for many years our Berninis were but little fuperior to the ftonecutters of Italy. The Royal Academy, and the Society of Arts, added to the increafing opulence and taste of the ifland, have, however, at length produced artifis who may juftly boast of having caught fome of the true Promethean flame. The names of Wilton, Nollekins, and Hanman, are no longer unknown on the Continent; and that of the late Mr. Bacon, "a Briton born, a Briton bred," is familiar to the firft amulENTS in Europe. Although a prey in early life to chilling penury, and obliged at one time to fubunit to the drudgery of moulding fhepherds and ficpherdeties in china, and at another of burning rude ftatues in artificial tone; yet when he had attained the 23d year of his age, he dared to attempt the difficult task of giving animation to marble, without ever having visited Italy, or paffed beyond the boundaries of his native isle. Such was his fuccefs, that at a fingle. bound he afpired to praife, if not to perfection, i perfection; and at length fixed his character for life, by the public exhibition of his Mars, in or about the year 1770. At his death (which occurred in Auguft 1799), among other objects, he had that under his chiffel which is the fubject of the prefent memoir; and it has been completed by a fon, who promifes to equal the father in point of talents, talle, and execution. The ftatue of Marquis Cornwallis, formerly governor-general of India, may be justly termed coloffal, as, reckoning from the plinth, it is exactly eight feet in height; but this effort of art is improperly termed a group, for although there are two other figures (Fortitude and Prudence), yet they are, with great judgment, kept under, and do not come in contact with the eye, until infpected closely, and with fome degree of minutenefs. The Marquis is reprefented as dreffed in a Roman toga, an olive branch in token of peace (in allufion to the treaty of Seringapatam) with one hand, while a fheathed fword is held negligently in the other. The attitude is at once eafy and dignified; the likenefs is alfo correct, and indeed what is ufually deno minated friking; the limbs are bold, yet natural; the drapery defcends in ample but graceful folds, and the fandals are tied with a claffical air. Great attention has been paid to the face, and even the identity of a mole is preferved with fcrupulous exactuels. After viewing the figure at a proper distance, two defects feem to prefent themfelves; on approaching nearer, and becoming more familiar with the principal object, the first is the emblem of Peace, which appears to be bronzed; but on enquiry it has been found that the climate of Calcutta would foon corrode and deftroy, the fiue feathery marble leaves; and it is more than probable, when the branch is made to affume a white hue, fo as to blend with the adjoining mafs, and held with a free air, as in the ftatue deftined for the India Houfe, that, infiead of difgufting, it will infallibly pleafe. The fecond fubject of criticifm may appear more faftidious, perhaps, than juft; it is occafioned by the fword, which being antique, with the fheath terminating in a fiall pointed ball, occations pain by its pofition, it being preffed againft, and feeming actually to indent the groin. Gent. Mag, February, 1803. The cornucopia appofitely difplays a profufion of the fruits and the breadcorn of Afia; and the emblematical female figures placed at the bafe are well difplayed, efpecially that of Prudence with her twisted ferpent. The whole is executed in Carrara marble; the height of the pedeftal is feven feet, and the perpendicular meafurement from the ground to the extremity fifteen. Many other figures, in the apartments in Newman-fireet, attract and even arreft the attention of the men of tafte. The monument intended to commemorate the death of Captains Hutt and Harvey, who were killed during Lord Howe's memorable engage ment with the French fleet, poflefles characteristic beauties that cannot be beheld without peculiar delight by a great naval nation. It may be affirmed without the dread of contradiction, that the rigging, matts, ropes, fails, guns, and hull of a fhip, were never fo accurately cut, or to profeffionally difplayed before, in marble. It is impoflible to contemplate the fine whole-length figure of Sir William Jones, deftined for St. Paul's, without recurring by analogy to his own noble ode to the freedom, dignity, and independence of Man; and when we behold the fpeaking model of the great Earl of Chatham (the original is in the Abbey), we are tempted, in the language of Cowper, to exclaim 66 Bacon there Gives more than female beauty to a stone, And Chatham's eloquence to marble lips." In the exhibition room is a large model of the equestrian ftatue of William III. which when cafti in bronze, and placed in the centre of St. James'sfquare, will prove one of the noblest ornaments of our metropolis." Feb. 4. Mr. URBAN, THE feal ring, defcribed in p. 17, and figured in Pl. H. fig. 4, was perfectly well reprefented in vol. LIX. pp. 616, 688; as I was enabled to pronounce from a letter of a friend at Leeds fealed with it, and this account of it: 66 June 1789, about a fortnight fince, a boy, driving a plough in a field near Sherburn, in this neighbourhood (and abour two miles from Towton field), had the gord fortune to find a gold ring, which weighs 1oz. 4dw. 9gr. it is of a fize to fit my thumb, |