Yet if some antiquated lady say,

The last age is not copy'd in his play;

Heav'n help the man who for that face must drudge,

Which only has the wrinkles of a judge.

Let not the young and beauteous join with those;
For shou'd you raise such numerous hosts of foes,
Young wits and sparks he to his aid must call;
'Tis more than one man's work to please you
all.

30 sparks. Q2, sparke.

25

30

FINIS.

Notes to All for Love

For single words, see Glossary. For imitations and reminiscences of Shakespeare, see Introduction, p. xliii. References to Dryden's Works are to the Scott-Saintsbury Edition.

Facile est, etc. It is easy to note some glowing expression (so to speak), and laugh at it when the fire of passion is cold. Orator, VIII.

3. Thomas, Earl of Danby. Sir Thomas Osborne (16311712), successively Earl of Danby (1674), Marquis of Carmarthen (1689), and Duke of Leeds (1694). After being Lord High Treasurer and Charles's principal minister for five years, he was impeached in the same year that this dedication was published.

3, 7. Carmen amat, etc. Heroes love song. Source not found.

4, 47. debts of the exchequer. At the beginning of 1672 Charles had in his exchequer £1,400,000, lent to him by the goldsmiths, who in those days acted as bankers. On January 2, probably at Clifford's suggestion, he refused to repay the principal, and arbitrarily reduced the interest from 12 to 6 per cent. Many of the goldsmiths became bankrupt. Clifford was made a peer and Lord High Treasurer. He was succeeded by Osborne in March, 1673.

6, 110. Felices nimium, etc. Oh Englishmen, too fortunate, if they but knew their blessings! Altered from Vergil, Georgics, II, 248-249.

6, 113. their old forefather. Cf. 295, 19. Dryden more than once recast in verse something that he had previously well said in prose.

7, 129. often chang'd his party. An allusion to the Earl of Shaftesbury, who had been in opposition since 1673.

7, 150. your father. Sir Edward Osborne (1596-1647), lieuenant-general of the Royalist forces raised at York.

7, 162. Earl of Lindsey. Robert Bertie, first Earl (1582

1642); died from wounds received at Edgehill. His son Montague, the second Earl, was wounded at Naseby. Lord Danby married Lady Bridget Bertie, the second daughter of Montague.

9, 2. greatest wits of our nation. Mary, Countess of Pembroke, Antonie (1590, publ. 1592), translated from the Marc Antoine (1578) of Garnier ; Samuel Daniel, Cleopatra (1594); Samuel Brandon, The Tragi-Comodi of the Virtuous Octavia (1598); Thomas May, Cleopatra (1639); Sir Charles Sedley, Antony and Cleopatra, in rhyme (1677), acted at the Duke's Theatre. Fletcher and Massinger's The False One (about 1620, publ. 1647) represents Cleopatra in her youth, in connection with the events of the civil war between Cæsar and Pompey. The same is, of course, true of the translations made by Mrs. Katherine Philips (1663), and by Waller and others (1664), of Corneille's La Mort de Pompée (1642). The fifth act of D'Avenant's Play-House to be let (1663, publ. 1673) is a travesty dealing with Cæsar and Cleopatra.

It may not be out of place to mention here the subsequent English plays dealing with Cleopatra. Cibber's Cæsar in Egypt (1724) was adapted from Corneille and Beaumont and Fletcher. Capell prepared an acting version of Shakespeare's play for the use of Garrick (1759), and Henry Brooke published an Antony and Cleopatra (1778), described by Genest (vi, 63) as "one third, or perhaps one half, from Shakespeare.' In 1813 was acted at Covent Garden an Antony and Cleopatra actually combined from Shakespeare and Dryden (Genest, vIII, 417).

""

For information about some thirty French, German, and Italian plays on the subject, the reader is referred to the work by Moeller, cited in the Bibliography. To his list might be added the tragedies of Belliard (1578), and of Francisco de Rojas (1640). In the New Variorum Edition of Antony and Cleopatra (1908), pp. 507-583, twenty plays, English and foreign, dealing with Cleopatra, are described and summarized.

The most notable recent plays on the subject of Cleopatra are those of Sardou (1890) and Bernard Shaw (1900).

10, 35. machine. "In the less common meaning of dramatic motive. Compare Epilogue to Edipus, l. 9-10:

Terror and Pity this whole Poem sway,

The mightiest Machine that can mount a Play."

(Ker.)

10, 63. Nous ne sommes, etc. Essais, 11, xvii (Paris, 1879, P. 325). Florio translates: "We are nought but ceremonie; ceremonie doth transport us, and wee leave the substance of things; we hold-fast by the boughs, and leave the trunke or body. Wee have taught Ladies to blush, onely by hearing that named, which they nothing feare to doe. Wee dare not call our members by their proper names, and feare not to employ them in all kind of dissolutenesse. Ceremonie forbids us by words to expresse lawfull and naturall things; and we beleeve it. Reason willeth us to doe no bad or unlawfull

things, and no man giveth credit unto it." (Temple Classics, London, 1897, IV, 131.)

11, 88. Hippolitus. Hippolyte in Racine's Phèdre (1677). 11, 107. Chedreux, a kind of wig, so named from a perruquier of the time. In 1745 a correspondent signing himself W. G., then aged eighty-seven, wrote to the Gentleman's Magazine (p. 99): "I remember plain John Dryden (before he paid his court with success to the great,) in one uniform cloathing of Norwich drugget. I have eat tarts with him and Madam Reeve at the Mulberry-Garden, when our author advanced to a sword, and chadreux wig

12, 122. draws his own stake, withdraws his stake (metaphor from gaming).

12, 145. Rarus enim, etc. For in that condition common sense is usually rare. Juvenal, Sat. VIII, 73-74.

13, 160. Horace. Sat. 1, i, 1-3.

13, 170. in the greater majesty. "This passage, though doubtless applicable to many of the men of rank at the court of Charles II, was particularly levelled at Lord Rochester, with whom our author was now on bad terms.' (Scott.)

14, 187. thirty legions. Alluding to an anecdote given by Ælius Spartianus, Life of Hadrian, xv, and repeated by Montaigne, Essais, 111, vii (Paris, 1879, p. 479), and Bacon, Apophthegms, 26. In Bacon's words, "There was a philosopher [Favorinus] that disputed with the emperor Adrian, and did it but weakly. One of his friends that stood by, afterwards said unto him, 'Methinks you were not like yourself last day, in argument with the emperor; could have answered better myself.' 'Why,' said the philosopher, 'would you have me contend with him that commands thirty legions?' Cf. also Works, 11, 292.